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EARLY DETECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Abdushukurova K.R.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Internal Medicine No.1, Samarkand
State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Mail: kamilaterapevt1983@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0002-9555-8095
Ro'ziqulov Shaxboz Madiqul o'g'li
Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Kazimov Suxrob Bohodirovich
Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14276673
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Qabul qilindi:29-noyabr 2024 yil
Ma’qullandi: 1-dekabr 2024 yil
Nashr qilindi:4-dekabr 2024 yil
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to
occupy relevant positions in the context of modern
healthcare
problems.
This
pathology
is
characterized by high prevalence, frequency of
complications and high level of disability and
mortality among the working-age population. An
important fact that alarms the medical community
is not only the continuing trend towards an
increase in morbidity, but also the so-called spread
among the population that was previously less
susceptible to the development of this pathology.
This circumstance dictates the need to take into
account the risk factors of CVD characteristic of
young age. In order to solve this problem, it is first
necessary to analyze the main risk factors
influencing the development of CVD and develop
scientifically based preventive measures for young
people with a predisposition to the development of
CVD, taking into account the prevalence of risk
factors in modern socio-economic conditions. This
will require activating the disease prevention
system, both at the state level and at the level of
practical healthcare services.
cardiovascular diseases, risk factors,
young people, healthy lifestyle,
cardiovascular disease prevention
.
Introduction
The main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are poor nutrition, insufficient physical
activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption. An important phenomenon that worries the
medical community is not only the continuing upward trend in incidence, but also its spread
among the population that was previously less susceptible to the development of this
pathology. This circumstance dictates the need to take into account the risk factors for CVD
that are typical for young people.
Heart and vascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of death and disability in the
world. However, early detection of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can significantly improve
the patient's prognosis, reduce the risk of complications and increase the effectiveness of
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treatment. The importance of timely diagnosis can hardly be overestimated, since many
diseases of the heart and blood vessels can be asymptomatic in the early stages, and their
manifestations become noticeable only at later stages, when treatment may be less effective.
The main groups of diseases of the heart and blood vessels:
1. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries, in which atherosclerotic plaques form
on their walls. This is the main cause of myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial
disease.
2. Hypertension is high blood pressure, which can lead to heart failure, stroke and other
complications.
3. Myocardial infarction is an acute disruption of the blood supply to the heart muscle that
requires immediate intervention.
4. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot effectively pump blood, which leads to
fluid accumulation in the div and difficulty breathing.
5. Heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias) are deviations from the normal heart rhythm that
can be life-threatening if not detected in a timely manner.
Early detection of cardiovascular diseases
Early detection of CVD includes regular health monitoring, diagnostics and risk factor analysis.
The most effective diagnostic methods include:
1. Questionnaire and anamnesis.
It is important to take into account family history of
diseases, the presence of risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet, stress, obesity,
diabetes, etc.), the patient's age, gender, as well as his complaints and subjective symptoms
(e.g. shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness).
2. Blood pressure measurement.
Regular blood pressure measurement is mandatory, since
hypertension often has no obvious symptoms, but can lead to serious complications such as a
heart attack or stroke.
3
. Electrocardiography (ECG).
This method allows you to evaluate the heart rhythm and
identify abnormalities such as arrhythmia, signs of myocardial infarction or cardiac
hypertrophy.
4. Ultrasound examination of the heart (echocardiography)
. This is an informative
method that allows you to evaluate the structure and function of the heart, identify the
presence of valve defects, and evaluate its pumping function.
5. Tests for cholesterol and other lipids in the blood.
Measuring the levels of total
cholesterol, LDL (bad) and HDL (good) cholesterol helps identify the risk of atherosclerosis
and its complications.
6. Holter monitoring.
This is a daily or multi-day monitoring of the electrical activity of the
heart using a portable device. The method is useful for identifying hidden heart rhythm
disturbances that may not be noticeable during a regular ECG.
7. Stress tests.
These are studies conducted against the background of physical activity (for
example, bicycle ergometry or treadmill) to check how the heart responds to physical
exertion. Stress tests help identify hidden forms of coronary heart disease.
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8. Coronavirus angiography (CAG).
This is a more invasive method that is used to examine
the vessels of the heart and identify atherosclerotic plaques. CAG is performed if coronary
artery disease is suspected.
The importance of prevention
In addition to diagnosis, it is important to emphasize the importance of prevention. In the
early stages, cardiovascular diseases can be corrected through lifestyle changes, medication,
and regular monitoring.
Prevention of CVD includes:
1. Healthy diet:
Reduce the consumption of saturated fats, sugar, and salt, and increase the
proportion of vegetables, fruits, cereals, and healthy fats such as omega-3 fatty acids.
2. Physical activity:
Regular aerobic exercise (e.g. brisk walking, swimming, running), which
helps maintain normal cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
3. Smoking cessation:
Smoking is one of the main risk factors for the development of CVD, as it
damages blood vessels and promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
4. Weight control:
Obesity increases the risk of hypertension, diabetes, and other
cardiovascular diseases.
5. Stress management:
Chronic stress can contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.
6. Regular medical monitoring:
Particular attention should be paid to people with a
predisposition to cardiovascular disease (for example, high blood pressure, diabetes, or a
family history of CVD).
Conclusion
Early detection of heart and vascular diseases is a key factor in preventing serious
complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. Timely diagnosis and
prevention of diseases can not only improve the quality of life, but also significantly reduce
the financial burden on health care. It is important to remember that effective management of
heart health requires combining regular examinations with an active lifestyle and proper
nutrition.
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