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IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION PROCESSES OF BUILDINGS AND
CONSTRUCTIONS - PREPARATION FOR THE WINTER SEASON
I.N.SALIMOVA
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor.
SAYDAKHMEDOVA ZAHROKHON
Scientific researcher
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14133630
Annotation:
The article discusses the plan for preparing buildings and structures for
the winter season, focusing primarily on heat supply sources, the repair of heat pipelines, and
addressing the deficiencies and malfunctions identified in the heating systems, hot and cold
water supply, and other engineering systems from the previous heating season.
Keywords:
engineering systems, construction and installations, technical operation,
sanitary-technical systems, normative temperature.
The technical operation of engineering systems, constructions, and installations in
buildings during the winter season is a rather complex period. During this time, sanitary-
technical systems operate under maximum strain. The enclosing structures of buildings are
subject to variable temperature impacts, and low temperatures combined with strong wind
loads can accelerate the cooling of rooms. This, in turn, can lead to a violation of the normative
temperature and humidity regime in the rooms under certain conditions.
When drafting a plan for preparing buildings for the winter season, priority should be
given to the heat supply sources, the repair of the heating pipelines, and the elimination of the
deficiencies and malfunctions found in the heating systems, hot and cold water supply, and
other engineering systems during the previous heating season.
The dispatch services of residential exploitation companies, as well as specialized
services contracted to carry out technical operation of building elements, should have detailed
schemes of the installed engineering-technical systems and structures of the building.
As soon as the heating season ends, local heating systems that do not require major
repairs should be conserved. Before conservation, all current repairs necessary to ensure the
standard operation of the boiler equipment during the upcoming heating season should be
carried out.
Moreover, a schedule for taking the boiler rooms and heating systems out of
conservation (two weeks before the start of the heating season) is approved. The schedule for
the conservation of gas-fired boilers is agreed upon with the organizations responsible for the
operation of the gas infrastructure.
In drawing up the schedules for preparing facilities for the winter season, it is important
to focus the workforce and material resources from the earliest days of the preparatory
period on more responsible work areas. The preparation of municipal communications and
the preparation of heat, gas, and water supplies should be completed by the deadlines set,
considering the readiness of the entire city’s utility infrastructure. A building is considered
ready for winter after all repair and construction work is completed, and the heat, gas, and
water supply sources are prepared for operation in winter conditions.
Among the key measures in preparing buildings for winter is ensuring the efficient use
of heat, as well as taking steps to economize the consumption of hot, cold water, and
electricity.
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One must consider that a significant amount of heat loss occurs through the attic.
Experience in operating buildings during the autumn-winter season shows that if the
temperature difference between the attic and the outside does not exceed 20°C, then snow
does not melt, and freezing and icicles do not form.
If the temperature difference between the outside air and the attic exceeds 20°C, the
source of heat entering the attic must be identified, for example, insufficient or poor-quality
thermal insulation of the attic or the presence of pipes, air collectors, expansion tanks,
ventilation, and sewage stacks located in the attic. Additionally, the attic may not be ventilated
properly.
Increasing the thickness of the insulation to the required standard is recommended;
additional insulation with lightweight materials such as expanded clay, mineral wool, or
mineral fiber is advised.
The use of heavy insulation like crushed stone should only be done with prior
calculations of the load-bearing capacity of the attic structure by a design organization.
Substituting rolled waterproofing is not advisable, as it can disrupt the ventilation of the attic.
Settled bulk insulation must be aerated (once every 5 years). To prevent heat transfer from
the stairwell to the attic, the attic should be insulated.
The thermal insulation of pipelines and ventilation shafts must be improved to prevent
heat losses to the environment.
The inspection of the central heating and hot water pipelines passing through the attic is
carried out visually. Areas with exposed or damaged thermal insulation must be repaired.
Expansion tanks, air collectors, valves in the heating system, and similar equipment must also
be insulated. Sewage stacks running through the attic should have their expanded ends facing
upwards, and they must be insulated with a sleeve made of 6-7 cm thick mineral wool or 10-
15 cm thick crushed stone to prevent condensation from entering the attic structures.
I have analyzed the systems for building maintenance, their operation, and current
repair systems. These systems are essential for keeping buildings functional and creating
comfortable living conditions for residents. The abovementioned considerations must be
taken into account during the design phase of buildings, incorporating the latest scientific
advancements into practice.
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