American Journal of Applied Science and Technology
30
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 06 2025
PAGE NO.
30-32
10.37547/ajast/Volume05Issue06-07
Methodical Features of Physical Training of Young
Boxers
Qonirbayev Dastan
Nukus branch of the Uzbekistan State University of Physical Culture and Sports 3rd year student of the boxing program, Uzbekistan,
Karakalpakstan, Nukus
Received:
14 April 2025;
Accepted:
10 May 2025;
Published:
12 June 2025
Abstract:
This article examines the meth
odological features of young boxer’s physical training
.
Keywords:
Physical exercises, methods, teaching methods, physical fitness, boxers.
Introduction:
Physical training of an athlete is the most important
of all types of training, especially in boxing. Thus, the
authors, based on a survey of boxing coaches, note
that most coaches put physical training in first place
in terms of the importance of development in the
training process. However, improving physical fitness
is extremely difficult in methodological terms, since
different qualities are poorly related to each other,
they depend, first of all, on the functional capabilities
of the motor zone of the central nervous system, and
require the use of various methods and
methodological techniques for their improvement. In
addition, when developing physical qualities, it is
important to take into account sensitive age periods.
Thus, in the period from 13-14 years, according to
many authors, the greatest increase in physical
abilities is possible, due to the great lability of the
neuromuscular apparatus and the central nervous
system [1].
METHODS
Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific
and methodological literature, testing, pedagogical
experiment.
In boxing, it is important to develop four basic
physical qualities: speed, strength, endurance and
agility. When assessing the manifestations of speed,
the following are distinguished: latent time of motor
reaction, speed of a single movement, frequency of
movements. Speed of motor reaction is assessed by
latent time. The time of visual-motor reaction in
boxers ranges from 0.10
–
0.25 s. The authors note the
presence of three types of simple reactions,
depending on what the boxer's attention is focused
on [2].
The first type (sensory) - when a boxer focuses his
attention on the appearance of a signal (for example,
an attack with some kind of blow), he tensely awaits
it, mobilizing all his attention (while the motor
centers of his cerebral cortex are in a inhibited state).
In this case, the athlete is excessively constrained, his
movements are sluggish, and are late in response to
the signal. Most often this happens in cases when a
boxer, fearing, awaits a strong blow from an
opponent. In boxers, the latent period of the sensory
type of reactions is on average 0.16-0.22 sec.
The second type of reaction is motor. In this case, the
boxer concentrates all his attention on preparing the
beginning of the movement. In this case, the motor
centers of the cerebral cortex are excited and are in
the starting state. The excitation reaches the motor
area of the cerebral cortex, and there they meet the
already prepared neural formulas of the response
movement, and the corresponding motor impulses
instantly rush to the organs of movement. As a result,
this executive signal of the opponent's action is
reduced to a simple "starting signal", to which a
ready-made response is triggered.
The peculiarities of developing the speed of a
complex reaction can be considered using two types
as an example: reaction to a moving object (RMO) and
reaction of choice. The reaction to a moving object is
of great importance in boxing, since the target
American Journal of Applied Science and Technology
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
(opponent) is constantly moving, changes distance
and position, performs div movements, strikes,
defenses. This type of reaction is developed in
exercises with a partner, as well as on such boxing
equipment that receive large oscillatory movements
(pneumatic bags, balls on stretchers, punt balls, etc.).
The reaction of choice is associated with the selection
of the necessary motor response from possible
situations, in accordance with the change in the
partner's behavior. For example, the opponent can
attack with any blow, and the boxer chooses,
depending on this, the necessary defense or counter
blow [2].
The anticipatory reaction is based on the athlete's
ability
to
predict
the
opponent's
actions
probabilistically. For example, at close and medium
distances, it takes less time to deliver a blow than to
perform a defense. Therefore, the attention of a
young boxer should be directed to the perception of
not the action itself, but the movements that prepare
it.
Speed in boxing is demonstrated when performing
single strikes in attack and counterattack, performing
defenses, series of strikes, connecting strikes and
defenses, preparatory and complex actions,
movements and shifts, switching from one action to
another.
Power skills are developed in boxing through gripping
the opponent in close combat, releasing grips, placing
hands under the opponent's strong blows, tensing the
abdominal muscles when striking the div,
pressuring the opponent, etc.
In developing the ability to demonstrate great
strength in conditions of rapid movements, the
method of repeated-progressive exercise is widely
used. In this case, maximum strength tension is
created by moving some non-maximum weight at the
highest speed. Thus, the strength qualities of boxers
are closely related to speed and endurance. Strength
qualities depend on the activity of the central nervous
system, the cross-section of muscle fibers, their
elasticity, and the biochemical processes occurring in
the muscles. A significant role in the manifestation of
muscle strength belongs to volitional efforts [2].
Weight training is convenient because it is universal:
it can be used to work both the smallest and the
largest muscle groups, and it is easy to dose these
exercises. One of the most important problems in
developing strength abilities is choosing the right
amount of weight resistance, optimal pace of
exercise, speed [3].
Maximum strength tension can be created in various
ways: by overcoming non-maximum weights with the
maximum number of repetitions, by maximizing the
increase in external resistance, by overcoming
resistance at maximum speed.
The first direction is the use of non-maximum weights
with the maximum number of repetitions, the work is
performed "to failure". Work "to failure" is not
beneficial in terms of energy, in addition, it is
necessary to perform more mechanical work than
with increased weights in order to obtain the same
training effect. It is important that at first the
effectiveness of strength training is almost
independent of the magnitude of resistance, since
soon this value exceeds a certain minimum (40% of
the maximum) [1].
As the duration of training increases, the advantage
of maximum weights becomes more and more
apparent. In boxer training, non-maximum weights
are used. For example, the resistance value is set
within the limits of "large" and "moderately large".
The second direction is the use of maximum and near-
maximum weights. The maximum training weight is
the largest weight that can be lifted without
significant emotional arousal [3].
One of the criteria for a boxer's endurance is the time
during which the athlete is able to maintain a given
intensity of activity. Using this criterion, endurance is
measured directly and indirectly. In the direct
method, the athlete is asked to fight at a high pace for
all five rounds. To maintain a high intensity of the
fight, the partners box for one round [3].
During a fight, a boxer experiences high emotional
stress, he has to solve tactical problems, all the time
recording the opponent's movements. During a fight,
at least 2/3 of the muscles work actively, which
causes a large expenditure of energy and places high
demands on the respiratory and circulatory organs.
The state and possibility of developing endurance can
be predicted by such indicators as: minute respiratory
volume, maximum pulmonary ventilation, vital
capacity of the lungs, minute and stroke volume of
the heart, heart rate, blood flow velocity, hemoglobin
content in the blood [2].
The basis of endurance in boxers is good general
physical training, excellent breathing, the ability to
relax muscles between active striking “explosive”
actions and the improvement of technical techniques,
since the more they are automated, the fewer muscle
groups are involved in performing the movement [4].
Several factors influence the process of boxer fatigue:
intensity actions, the frequency of their repetition,
the duration of actions, the nature of the intervals
American Journal of Applied Science and Technology
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
between them, the style and manner of the enemy's
combat, the effect of disturbing factors, including the
blows received.
In boxing, agility is manifested in the speed of
transformation (reorganization) of movements in
accordance with the requirements of the changed
conditions of the fight. As the sports specialization
deepens, the leading method of developing
coordination abilities in a boxer is the introduction of
the factor of unusualness in the performance of
habitual actions in order to ensure increasing
requirements for the coordination of movements.
Coordination tension is gradually overcome with the
help of the following special relaxation exercises:
- exercises in which muscles move from a tense state
to a relaxed one;
- exercises in which relaxation of some muscles is
combined with tension of others;
- exercises that require maintaining the inertial
movement of a relaxed part of the div through the
movement of other parts;
- exercises during which the athlete is asked to
determine the moments of rest themselves, and
during this time relax the muscles as much as
possible.
CONCLUSION
When performing exercises, muscle tension should
be combined with inhalation and holding the breath,
and relaxation - with active inhalation. In order for the
movement to be free and not tense, it is
recommended to sing, smile, close your eyes for a
moment, watch your facial expressions (tension is
clearly expressed in facial expressions). When
performing movements, you need to tense the
muscles of the whole div (with holding the breath),
then relax sharply (with forced exhalation) and start
moving. It is useful to perform the exercise in a state
of fatigue, since fatigue forces you to concentrate
your efforts only at the necessary moments. The
manifestation of dexterity is also determined by the
boxer's ability to maintain balance [3].
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Boxing: anthology. - M.: Physical Culture and Sport,
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Jeroyan, G. O. Pre-competition training of boxers:
textbook / G. O. Jeroyan, N. A. Khudadov. - M.:
Physical Culture and Sport, 2001. - 320 p.
Koptsev, K. N. Standards for Assessing the General
Physical Fitness of Junior Boxers / K. N. Koptsev //
Boxing: anthology. - M.: Physical Culture and Sport,
2004. - P. 35-37.
Laptev, A.P. Criteria for the effectiveness of training
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