Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
13
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article notes that a suspended planner has been developed, equipped with a device that creates a soft layer of
soil on the surface of the field. The leveler is designed with a central section and a side section that are pivotally
connected to each other. The side sections are transferred from the working position to the transport position and
from the transport position to the working position with the help of hydraulic cylinders. All sections consist of front
and rear transverse and longitudinal braces connecting them to each other. The front cross brushes of the sections
are equipped with leveling working bodies, and the rear cross brushes are equipped with compacting working bodies.
Devices are installed on the rear crossbars of the sections, creating a layer of loose soil on the field surface. They
consist of two rows of transverse beams equipped with teeth and are pivotally attached to the rear braces of the
sections. To ensure the same depth of processing of the tool, its angular vibrations in the longitudinal vertical plane
were studied. The results obtained show that for given operating conditions, the processing depth of the device is
uniform at the level of requirements based on the correct selection of the thickness of its pressure spring.
Research Article
RESEARCHING THE ANGLE OSCILLATIONS FORMING THE SOFT LAYER
ON THE FIELD SURFACE OF BREAKING LEVELLERS
Submission Date:
August 25, 2022,
Accepted Date:
September 02, 2022,
Published Date:
September 15, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume02Issue09-03
Tukhtakuziev Abdusalim
Doctor of Science, professor, Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization - SRIAM, UZBEKISTAN
Rasuljonov Abdurakhmon Ravshanbek ugli
Philosophy of Doctor, Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization - SRIAM, UZBEKISTAN
Rakhmatov Olimjon Orifjonovich
Philosophy of Doctor student, Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization - SRIAM,
UZBEKISTAN
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
14
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
KEYWORDS
Loosen-leveller, the device forming the soft soil layer on field surface, teeth, tension spring, smooth running of the
device on tillage depth, angular oscillations of device, resistance and bending coefficients of soil per each tooth of the
device, bending coefficient of device tension spring, set operating conditions.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, in our country in preparation of lands for
planting installations consisting of loosen-leveller and
spike tooth is widely used [1]. In this case, loosen-
levellers smoothen the field surface, compact and
grind large lumps at the required level, and toothed
harrows form a soft soil layer on the field surface to
provide the keeping the soil moisture. However, the
installations consisting of loosen-levelling and spike
tooth harrows have low productivity due to that they
are trailers, inconvenient to use, and do not meet the
principles of minimal and energy-saving tillage. Based
on the above, suspended loosen-levellers was
developed at the Scientific Research Institute of
Agricultural Mechanization (SRIAM). The developed
installation is equipped with a device creating a soft
soil layer on the field surface [2]. It consists of central
and right and left side sections, side sections are
hinged to central sections and are transferred from
operating position to transport position and from
transport position to operating position us in hydraulic
cylinders.
Each section of the loosen-levellers consists of anterior
and rear transverse beams and longitudinal beams
connecting them to each other, anterior transverse
beams are equipped with leveling operating elements
(levelers) and rear transverse beams are equipped with
sealing operating elements (compactors). The central
section is additionally equipped with a hanging device.
The rear transverse beams of sections are fitted with
devices forming a fine soil layer on the field surface.
They consist of two rows of transverse beams
equipped with teeth and columns, each of them is
hinged to rear transverse beams of sections by means
of two longitudinal pulls.
In an effort to adjust the depth of immersion of teeth
in soil, the devices are equipped with tension springs
functioning on expansion.
Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of the central
section of the loosen-levellers developed.
This article presents the results of studies implemented
to ensure a smooth running of loosen-levellers along
with the processing depth.
Due to variation of physical and mechanical properties
of soil, longitudinal and vertical reaction forces acting
on teeth of the device by soil are constantly variating
(Fig. 2). As a result, in addition to the forward motion
the in longitudinal-vertical plane, device also has forced
angular oscillations with respect to O point (hinge). It
leads to varying in depth of immersion of teeth in soil,
and as a result, tillage depth is not ensured smoothly.
Materials and research methods
Amplitude of angular oscillations in its longitudinal-
vertical plane should be as small as possible to ensure
that soil at a flat depth by device teeth. To solve this
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
15
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
problem, we construct the differential equation of
angular oscillations of this device and let’s solve it.
In effort to create a differential equation of angular
oscillations of device, we accept the following
constraints:
- plowing unit moves in a straight line and at the same
speed;
- frictional forces on O-hinge connecting the device to
its bracket are low and do not affect its oscillations;
- linear and angular oscillations of loosen-leveler’s do
not affect the oscillations of device around O-hinge;
- equilibrium position of longitudinal traction of device
is in horizontal position and its deviation from this
position is at small angle.
Based on those accepted constraints and calculation
scheme shown in Figure 2, the differential equation of
angular oscillations of device with respect to point O
will be as in the following [3]:
2
3 4
2
1
5
1
2
2
2
3
4
,
m
z
x
n
n
l l
d
J
m gl
R l
R
l
l
n Q
dt
l
l
(1)
In this case
J
– moment of device inertia with respect to point
O
, kgm
2
;
– angle of deviation of longitudinal tension of device from the balance, rad;
t
– time, s.
m
m
– mass of device, kg;
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
16
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
1, 2-transverse beams of central section loosen-leveler; 3, 4-longitudinal beams;
5-levellers; 6-compactors; 7-central section hanging device; 8-brackets; 9-fingers;
10, 11- longitudinal traction; 12, 13-columns; 14, 15 transverse beams; 16-teeth;
17-spring-loaded springs
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the central section of loosen-leveler’s equipped with installation forming a fine soil
layer the on-field surface
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
17
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
10-longitudinal traction; 12-pole; 13-transverse beam; 16-tooth; 17-spring
Figure 2. Forces influencing to the device in operation process
g
– acceleration of free fall, m/s
2
;
1
l
– length of longitudinal traction of device, m;
2
l
– longitudinal distance from the hinge to the point where the weight of the device is set, m;
3
l
– longitudinal distance between
О
and
О
2
points, m;
4
l
– vertical distance between
О
and
О
1
points, m;
5
l
– vertical distance from the tip of device’s teeth to
O
point, m;
n
n
– number of springs mounted on single device, pcs;
Q
n
– spring tension force, N.
Considering that
х
R
and
z
R
reaction forces affecting on the device depend on amount and rate of soil
deformation under the influence of its teeth, and it consists of set variable forces arising from variability of physical
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
18
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and mechanical properties of soil and formulating them through the physical and mechanical properties of soil and
device parameters [4 -7], we will achieve such equation (1) as in the following.
2
2
2
2
3 4
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
.
n
m m
m m
m
m
n
z
c l l
d
d
J
n b l
n c l
n Р l
n
R t l
dt
dt
l
l
(2)
in this case
n
т
– number of teeth mounted on to device, pcs;
m
b
– coefficient resistance of soil attempted per single tooth of device, N∙s/(m∙ tooth);
m
c
– resiliency coefficient of soil attempted per single tooth of device, N/(m∙ tooth);
m
Р
– resistance of device single tooth to gravitation, N;
n
c
– resiliency coefficient of tension spring of device, N/m;
z
R t
– variable force affecting onto the device, N.
(2) in order to solve equation
z
R t
let’s consider as
z
R t
the force will be varied according to the law
of harmonics, which means
1
cos
,
i
n
n
z
т
z
n
R t
n
R
n t
(3)
In this case
n
z
R
– amplitude of related harmonics attempted to single tooth, N;
1,2, ... ,
i
n
n
– numbers of harmonics;
–
z
R t
rotational frequency of force, s
-1
.
(3) when formula is considered (2) the equation will be as in the following:
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
19
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
2
2
2
2
3 4
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
n
m m
m m
m
т
n
c l l
d
d
J
n b l
n c l
n Р l
n
dt
dt
l
l
1
1
cos
.
i
n
n
т
z
n
п
R
n t l
(4)
Research results and its discussion
(4) equation variable
z
R t
, representing the forced angular oscillations under the influence of alternating
forces, will be as in the following [3]:
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3 4
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
cos
,
1
i
n
n
т
z
n
n
m m
m
m
т
n
п
R
n t
l
t
c l l
n b l
J
n
c l
Р l
n
п
п
J
J
l
l
(5)
In this case
2
1
2
2
2
3 4
1
1
2
2
3
4
.
m m
n
m
m
т
n
n b l
п
arctg
c l l
n
c l
Р l
n
J п
l
l
On the basis of (5) the maximum deviation angle from equilibrium position of longitudinal hand ladle will be
as shown below.
1
1
max
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3 4
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
.
1
i
n
n
т
z
n
n
m m
m
m
т
n
п
R l
c l l
n b l
J
n
c l
Р l
n
п
п
J
J
l
l
(6)
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
20
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
By using this formula, let’s determine the maximum deviation
max
h
of tillage depth of device from the set
max
1
max
sin
h
l
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3 4
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
180
sin
.
1
i
n
n
т
z
n
n
m m
m
m
т
n
п
R l
l
c l l
n b l
J
n
c l
Р l
n
п
п
J
J
l
l
(7)
From above from the analysis of this formula we can see that a plane of tillage (processing) depth depends on
its parameters and dimensions (
J
,
1
l
,
3
l
,
4
l
,
т
п
,
n
c
), physical and mechanical properties of soil (
m
c
,
m
b
), forces
affecting
on
it
(
n
z
R
,
т
Р
).
In order to get flat soil tillage at the required level, the value of
h
should be less than ±1 cm [8, 9]. For provided
operating condition, this is achieved at the account of that the resiliency of device tension spring is properly selected.
CONCLUSIONS
Results of theoretical studies show that for a set operating condition based on fact that the tillage depth of device of
the loosen-leveler’s forming a fine soil layer on field surface at the required level and smoothly running is achieved at
the account of properly selecting the resiliency of tension spring.
REFERENCES
1.
Pattern technological maps for cultivation and production of agricultural crops. For 2016-2020 (Part I). Ministry
of Agriculture and Water Management of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, SRIAM, 2016. – p. 136.
2.
Tukhtakuziev A., Abdulkhaev H., Rakhmatov O.O. Loosen-levellers equipped with a device that forms a soft soil
layer on the field surface // Digital technologies, innovative ideas and prospects for its application in production:
a collection of materials of international scientific-practical conference. – Andijan, 2021. – p. 304-306.
3.
Butenin N.V., Lunts Ya.L., Merkin D.R. Course of Theoretical mechanics. T. II: Dynamics (3rd edition, corrected). –
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
21
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
13-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Moscow: Nauka, 1985. – p. 496.
4.
Panovko Y.G. Introduction to the theory of mechanical vibrations. – Moscow: “Nauka”, 1980. – p.272.
5.
Tukhtakuziev A., Mansurov M., Rasuljonov A., Karimova D. Scientific basis for ensuring the stability of tillage
depth of the soil tillage (processing) machines. – Tashkent: TURON-IQBOL, 2020. – p.168.
6.
Tukhtakuziev A., Rasuljonov A.R. Ensuring the stability of processing depth of suspended soil mounted machines
//IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. – IOP Publishing, 2020. – Т. 614. – №. 1. – p. 012156.
7.
Tukhtakuziev A., Rasuljonov A.R. Results of laboratory and field experiments on experimental mounted chisel
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to the 10th anniversary of foundation the Bukhara branch of Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural
Mechanization Engineers, 2020. – p. 112-115.
8.
Adjustment and efficient using of cotton and grain machines // Uzbekistan Scientific-Research Institute of
Agricultural Mechanization and Electrification. – Tashkent: Fan, 2012. – p. 200.
9.
Tukhtakuziev A., Rasuljanov A., MamadaliyevM., Khalilov M., Mukimova D. Determination of the Depth of
Immersion in the Ground of Support Wheel of Suspension Fork // International Journal of Advanced Research in
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