Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
11
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the physics and its connection with other sciences. The main task of modern physics is to
comprehensively study the material world, to find the laws of its structure and motion, and to connect these laws to
each other. Motion is the main property of matter and the condition of its existence. The form of movement of matter
is divided into several main types: mechanical, physical, biological and social. There was an opportunity to separate
disciplines based on the study of the type of movement.
KEYWORDS
Physics, connection, modern physics, material world, structure, motion, main property, condition existence,
opportunity, type of movement, semiconductor physics, biophysics, solid state physics, heliophysics, conditional
boundaries.
INTRODUCTION
Physics is one of the main natural sciences that study
the laws of inanimate nature. It is very difficult to
determine the scope of phenomena studied in physics
or the conditional boundaries of this science. Later,
new branches of physics such as plasma physics,
elementary particle physics, semiconductor physics,
biophysics, solid state physics, and heliophysics are
intensively developing.
The discovery and research of new branches of physics
leads to the emergence of new branches of
Research Article
PHYSICS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER SCIENCES
Submission Date:
October 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
October 05, 2022,
Published Date:
October 11, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume02Issue10-03
Oltinoy Kodirova
Teacher Republican Specialized Design School
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
12
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
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10
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
technology. The development of technical sciences, in
turn, helps to improve research methods in physics: for
example, it was possible to create powerful
accelerators of charged particles only because of the
high level of technology.
Physics means “nature” in Greek. Physics is o
ne of the
most ancient sciences, which studies the structure of
matter, types of motion, energy and interactions of
bodies, and determines the general laws of natural
phenomena that all natural sciences use. In ancient
times, physics was considered a science that studied all
the phenomena of nature in the full sense. Only after
the expansion and deepening of humanity’s awareness
of the surrounding world, it was separated as separate
parts of physics (geology, zoology, botany, chemistry,
astronomy, etc.) as independent natural sciences.
The main task of modern physics is to comprehensively
study the material world, to find the laws of its
structure and motion, and to connect these laws to
each other.
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
Motion is the main property of matter and the
condition of its existence. The form of movement of
matter is divided into several main types: mechanical,
physical, biological and social. There was an
opportunity to separate disciplines based on the study
of the type of movement.
Hence, physics can be called a science that studies
mechanics and physical movement. The physical form
of motion can be divided into molecular-kinetic
(thermal), electromagnetic, atomic, nuclear motion.
Therefore, physics is studied in the form of the above
sections. The types of motion of matter are closely
related. This connection gives rise to new disciplines.
Physics gave birth to such subjects as resistance of
materials, thermal engineering, and electronics.
Studying the history of physics is an integral part of
general physical knowledge. Because by studying the
science of physics, its history is also being studied. In
order to know the history of physics, it is important to
study the original meaning of these laws, to study the
writing of these laws.
Knowledge of the world is not formed at once, for
example: Newton’s laws were studied for thousands of
years, and it took 250 years to understand it. Humanity
has to go through a very difficult path to get from
ignorance to knowledge. In order to study science, we
need to know its history - that is why the history of
physics is studied. Because this history is continuous,
and because it left its mark in the development of the
science of every past period, the history of physics is
considered as a subject.
The main task of any science is to discover laws, these
laws develop this field. The main task of the history of
science is to guide the development of science based
on these laws. At first glance, this seems like a no-
brainer, because no science can tell in advance when
Archimedes, Beruni, Newton, Lobachevsky will be
born, but discoveries in any field, their study and
improvement, certainly play an important role in
bringing new scientists to life. So, every science has its
own history. Every discovery is a continuation of a
previous discovery. Science is a product of complex
and subtle human activity. The history of the
development of science is related to formations.
The need to develop physics, like all other sciences,
comes from the practical demands of society. These
requirements lead to the development of production
during the development of physics, and increase the
material well-being of society during the development
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of production. Therefore, as the development of
science leads development, development always puts
pressure on the discovery of new laws of physics.
Astronomy is one of the main reasons for the
development of natural sciences. The development of
mathematics was necessary for the development of
astronomy. The construction of instruments for
astronomical observations led to the development of
mechanical laws. For example, the need to use levers
to build towers, high mosques, and pyramids gave
birth to the science of construction mechanics. All of
this leads directly to the interconnection of arithmetic,
geometry, algebra, astronomy, mechanics and other
sciences. For example, learning mathematics based on
Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics introduced the
concept of fundamental number and it was used in
geometric calculations. The directions of the Sun and
the Moon were calculated.
Physics is not only related to production, it is also
related to all natural sciences. We will see this in our
study of the history of science.
Physico-experimental science, that is, any theory,
regardless of how it appears, is proven in experience.
One of the main features of physics is that its laws have
quantitative properties, that is, any physical law
provides a connection between physical quantities.
Therefore, measurements are based on physical
experience. Connections between existing physical
quantities and laws can only be made with the help of
measurements.
It can be said that the success of physics depends on
the improvement of measurement techniques. As a
result of this, the fundamental theories of today
appeared (the theory of relativity, quantum
mechanics). An increase in experimental accuracy
leads to the improvement of experimental techniques,
resulting in the emergence of new physical theories.
But the new theories do not completely negate the old
theories, but only expand their scope of application.
For example, the improvement of optical instruments
and the increase in the accuracy of measurements led
to the emergence of Einstein’s theory of relativity. But
this did not disprove Newton’s theor
y, but showed
that it cannot be supported at speeds close to the
speed of light.
Another aspect of physical research is the use of
“models” that represent matter, not matter itself, in
theories of solving concrete problems, for example, a
material point, a mathematical pendulum, an absolute
black div, and so on uses. After that comes the
solution of specific issues.
One of the multifaceted aspects of physics is its
connection with human sciences. These links are as
follows:
a) Regardless of the complexity of various processes in
the human div, it is possible to distinguish among
them those close to physical processes. For example,
circulation-fluid flow (hydrodynamics), dispersion of
elastic vibrations in the div (oscillations and waves),
mechanical work of the heart (mechanics), generation
of biopotentials (electricity), etc. Breathing depends
on gas movement (aerodynamics), heat transfer
(thermodynamics), evaporation (phase transitions,
etc.).
b) Physical tools are used in the study of the human
div. Here are some examples:
a) It is used to evaluate the mechanical size-mining
pressure-the state of the human div.
b) Hearing sounds provides information about the
functioning of internal organs.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
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10
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
c) A thermometer is a widespread diagnostic tool
based on the thermal expansion of mercury.
d) Cardiography method of recording biopotentials
occurring in a living organism.
e) For microscopic biological studies...
f) Fiber optics-based instruments-for viscera and
mineless surgery…
g) Spectral analysis - in forensics, medicine, hygiene,
pharmacology, biology...
h) Achievements of atomic and nuclear physics are
used in x-ray diagnostics.
The properties of the environment have a great
influence on the human condition. The well-being of a
living organism depends on its interaction with the
environment. It is known that the human div quickly
feels the effects of physical variables such as
temperature, humidity, and air pressure.
From the above, it became clear that man is the
main factor in the study of physics. He/she lives in a
universe defined by the laws of physics. The
emergence of a person, his current and subsequent
activities depend on environmental changes. The
development of human characteristics is determined
by physical conditions and laws in the Universe. The
following follows from this: First, a person moves like
other natural bodies, participates in interactions, is
influenced by various fields. Second, a person is a
complex physical system connected
to the
environment. Thirdly, a person is a factor that
implements subjects of knowledge such as
observation, measurement, experience, hypothesis,
theory. Fourthly, man uses the environment to satisfy
his ecstasy by observing the achievements of physics.
The world around us can be characterized by various
quantities: linear size, time, mass, density, speed, etc.
We will get to know many of them while studying the
physics course.
a) One of the main quantities is the linear dimension. A
linear unit of measurement is 1 meter. At present, 1
meter is taken as a length equal to 16507663, 73
wavelengths of Krypton-86 atom transition radiation
to 2R10 and 5d5 levels. The old platinum-iridium
standard of the meter is kept in the city of Sèvres
(France).
b) Another one of the main physical quantities is time.
Time is closely related to space and is one of the
general forms of matter. In this case, matter is the form
of existence of the material world and processes, and
time is the form of the exchange of phenomena and
the state of matter. Space and time have quantitative
and qualitative continuity. The universal characteristic
of time is its duration, non-repetition, non-return. The
unit of time is 1 second. 1 sec. 9192631770 period
between two ultra-thin levels in the radiation of cesium
isotope with atomic weight equal to 133.
Kinematics studies the motion of bodies and does not
consider the causes of this motion. The movement of a
div consists of the sum of the movements of its parts
and points. Therefore, first the state of the point is
determined, and then its movement is studied. Thus, in
the department of kinematics, the motion of a
macroscopic div can be studied in the same way as
the motion of a material point. In this case, the size of
the macroscopic object should be many times smaller
than the distance it has traveled.
Dynamics is a branch of mechanics that studies the
causes of motion of bodies. Therefore, in this section,
special attention is paid to the choice of the number
system.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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OCLC
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METADATA
IF
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5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In order to describe motion in kinematics, we did not
associate the quantities representing it with the
number system. Objects moving relative to each other
can be taken as reference bodies associated with the
coordinate system. In dynamics, it is necessary to
choose the inertial reference system connected with
the coordinate system. In the inertial frame of
reference, a material point can move freely relative to
it with constant velocity. In this, the material point
must not be affected by div for it to be free. It is well
known that other reference systems moving with
constant speed relative to the chosen inertial
reference system are also inertial. To choose an inertial
reference system, it is necessary to take a reference
div that is not affected by other bodies. Such a div
is called free, the coordinate system attached to the
ground can be considered inertial. But for long-term
motion, the coordinate system is not exactly inertial.
For example, the plane of oscillation of the pendulum
must not change relative to the inertial frame of
reference, but its plane of oscillation is deflected
relative to the earth’s surface over time, and the flying
projectile also deviates from the target and etc.
Because the earth revolves around the Sun. Therefore,
the inertial reference frame connected to the earth is
also approximately inertial. The inertial reference
system associated with the sun can be said to be
accurate. But this system is not clearly inertial, because
the Sun is also affected by other celestial bodies (stars,
planets, etc.). Thus, the inertial reference system is
abstract. But we can laugh at them with some
precision. There are such inertial reference systems
relative to which a free material point moves flat and in
a straight line - this is the essence of the law of inertia.
But it is defined differently. The law of inertia was first
discovered by Galileo (1561-1642) for horizontal
motion: “If a div moves in a horizontal plane and this
plane is increased infinitely, such a div will move in a
straight and constant motion”. The exact definition of
the law of inertia was given by Descartes and later by
Newton. Newton’s law of inertia is defined as his first
law: “Unless a div is acted upon by another div,
that div remains at rest or continues to move in a
straight line”.
The disadvantage of Newton’s above definitio
n is that
inertial reference systems are not mentioned. Instead,
he introduced the concept of absolute space. As a
result, it became clear that the concept of absolute
space has no meaning.
Thus, Newton’s first law is
defined as follows: there are such inertial frames of
reference that if a div is not affected by another div
or if their effects are mutually compensated, such a
div remains at rest or continues to move in a straight
line.
If the velocity of a material point changes in the chosen
inertial reference frame, it is said to be acted upon by
other forces. A change in velocity is an acceleration.
Experiments show that the magnitude of the
acceleration depends on two conditions:
The size of the influence of the surrounding bodies on
the object under investigation;
1)
To the quantities determining the properties of
the div.
A physical vector quantity describing the deformation
or acceleration of a div as a result of the impact of
one div on another div is called force. The force can
be of different physical nature, for example, the force
of elasticity, the force of gravity, the force acting on a
charged particle in an electric field, and etc. All forces
change the velocity of an object, and this change
depends on the magnitude and direction of the force,
not on the nature of the force. Force changes velocity
in both magnitude and direction, so since velocity is a
vector quantity, force is also a vector quantity.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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VOLUME
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Pages:
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SJIF
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5.
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OCLC
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METADATA
IF
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Therefore, the effect of several forces acting on the
div is determined by adding vectors.
To determine the numerical value of the force, the
quantity used as its unit of measurement is chosen. For
example, a spring stretched to a specific length can be
taken as a measurement. We can say that if this force
is affected by a force equal in number and opposite in
direction, their total effect will be zero. The instrument
used to measure force is called a dynamometer. This
tool is based on the force generated by the spring
being stretched.
The acceleration obtained by the div depends on its
properties. One of these properties is inertia. A
measure of inertia is mass, which is a scalar quantity. In
classical mechanics, mass is a quantity that describes a
div and does not depend on the state of the div,
that is, it does not depend on whether the div is in
motion or at rest. In mechanics, mass does not depend
on the interaction of a div with other bodies. This
property of mass was introduced by Newton, and its
size determines the amount of matter in the div.
After Newton, other scientists understood mass as a
quantity of matter. The development of science has led
to serious contradictions in these concepts. According
to the theory of relativity, mass depends on its velocity
and energy without being a fixed quantity. With an
increase in temperature, the mass of the div
increases, although it is very small. It follows that the
concept of “amount of matter” has no physical
meaning. As we have already said, mass is a scalar
quantity, and in classical mechanics it consists of the
sum of the masses of particles. This feature makes it
possible to measure mass. The unit of mass is 1 kg,
which is the mass of a platinum-iridium alloy stored in
the city of Sèvres near Paris. When we measure the
mass of an object on a balance scale, we know that the
weight exerts the same acceleration on the balance
stone and the object. Balance circuits tend to get the
same acceleration, resulting in equilibrium.
CONCLUSION
In recent years, a lot of new information about
renewable energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal,
biomass) has been published in the mass media and at
scientific and practical conferences. Therefore, it is
necessary to apply this information to the educational
process, in particular, to physics classes, to convey to
students the latest modern physical and technological
foundations of energy, energy, and to have sufficient
knowledge, skills and qualifications in this field. In such
a time, when attention is paid to science and teachers,
we teachers are required to look at the new era in a
new way, approach and penetrate the minds and
hearts of students with technologies, so we should
take steps with this high goal.
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SJIF
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OCLC
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IF
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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