Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
29
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
29-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article defines the installation angle and the height of the working div of the preplant equalizer depending on
the movement of the soil in front of the working div and the friction force between the working div and the soil.
KEYWORDS
Working div, installation angle, direction of motion, soil movement, angle of repose.
INTRODUCTION
In order to obtain the required flatness in one pass on
the leveling machines before planting, the working
parts of the knife-type leveling machines mounted on
the existing frame are mounted in three rows. The
working parts of the first and second rows are
mounted at an angle to the direction of movement of
the machine, and the third row is mounted
perpendicular to the direction of movement [1-3]. The
work pieces, mounted at an angle to the direction of
movement, move the soil in two directions, filling the
Research Article
DETERMINATION OF INSTALLATION ANGLE AND HEIGHT WORKING
BODY OF THE PRESEEDING LEVELER
Submission Date:
May 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
May 10, 2022,
Published Date:
May 22, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume02Issue05-06
Kamaljon Jamalovich Mukhamadsadikov
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Republic of
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
30
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
29-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
microns, and the last row completely flattens the
microns. Therefore, researching the installation angle
of working parts moving at an angle to the direction of
movement of the machine and determining the
optimal option will lead to an improvement in the
quality of the land leveling process before planting and
reduce energy consumption.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The angle between the projection of the workpiece on
the horizontal plane and the forward direction of
movement of the unit is called the installation angle of
the workpiece. The quality of the alignment depends in
many respects on the value of this angle.
A number of researchers surveyed the working part of
a leveling machine and set its installation angle at 30-
500. The fact that the installation angle of the working
part of the leveling machine before planting is in such
a large range made it necessary to study the optimal
option of the installation angle of the working part of
the ground leveling machine before planting this angle
[4-9].
In front of the work piece mounted at an angle to the
direction of movement, the soil moves in the
transverse and longitudinal directions. Assume that
the soil moves perpendicular to the direction of motion
and at an angle.
Figure 1. Schematic for determining the installation angle of the leveling workpiece.
We divide the normal force N acting on the ground by
the working part into two, Nv and Nt, respectively,
which are formed by the movement of the leveler
along the direction of movement V and in front of the
working part (Fig. 1). In addition to the normal force N,
the friction force G on the ground is affected [10-14].
The forces N and G give the resulting force R, which
deviates from the normal force at an angle ph. Based
on this, it is possible to set the following two operating
modes of the leveling unit before planting:
1.
The soil slides in front of the working part. In the
case of β
<
𝜋
2
it can be clearly observed;
2.
The soil slides along with the working part and
falls asleep in front of the working part. The
maximum accumulation of soil in front of the
working part can be observed β=90° In this case,
there is no transverse movement of the soil in
front of the working part.
It is possible to move the soil in front of the working
part if the force of friction of the normal compressive
force is greater than the frictional force, ie:
N
Т
>
Ғ
мах
, but N
Т
=Ntg (
𝜋
2
−
β),
Ғ
мах
= Ntg
𝜑
𝜋
2
−
β
> 𝜑
From this the condition of sliding the soil in front of the
working part will have the following appearance.
Ntg (
𝜋
2
−
β
) > Ntg𝜑
or
𝜋
2
−
β
> 𝜑
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
31
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
29-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
If
𝜋
2
−
β
< 𝜑
, the forces N
т
and
Ғ
are mutually balanced,
no displacement of the soil in front of the working part
is observed, and the direction of movement of the soil
coincides with the direction of movement of the
working part, and the only driving force is N
v
. In this
case, the soil moves with the working part in the
direction of its movement, the working part pushes the
formed soil pile in front of it [3-16]. The condition of soil
displacement in front of the working part at an angle
to the direction of movement can be expressed as
follows:
𝜋
2
−
β
> 𝜑
Where β - is the installation angle of the working part
of the leveler, grad;
𝜑
-is the friction angle of the soil in the steel.
Therefore, β=
ϕ
can be taken as the lower limit of the
installation angle of the straightening workpiece.
Depending on the type and physical-mechanical
properties of the soil, the lower limit of the installation
angle can be taken β=22-30°.
We find the upper limit of
the working part installation angle using the soil
displacement velocity. Depending on the installation
angle of the work piece, the speed at which the soil
exits the work area will vary. As a result of friction, the
movement of the soil is delayed, resulting in a decrease
in the rate of subsidence of the soil along the working
part. Assume that the direction of absolute velocity V
A
corresponds to the absolute trajectory of ground
motion, and divide the velocity V
A
in the direction of
motion by W and the velocity V
сх
in front of the work
piece to obtain the absolute velocity component
(Figure 2). In this case, the VA velocity deviates from
the normal working surface friction angle
ϕ
. As can be
seen in Figure 2.3, V
сх
and V
т
are interconnected as
follows:
Vсх
sin [90−(𝛽+𝜑)]
=
Vт
sin (90−(+𝜑)]
After the mathematical changes, we get the following.
Vсх = Vт
со𝑠(𝛽 + 𝜑)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑
Table 1 shows the calculated values of the soil exit
velocity from the working part depending on the
installation angle.
Table 1. Installation angle of V
сх
and ground leveler values depending on the speed of movement
(in the picture
ϕ
=22°, in the picture
ϕ
=30°)
Installation angle of
the working part,
grad
The speed of the working part is m \ s
1,66
2,55
3,3
60
0,24\0
0,37\0
0,49\0
55
0,40\0,16
0,60\0,25
0,80\0,33
50
0,55\0,33
0,83\0,5
1,10\0,66
45
0,69\0,49
1,05\0,74
1,39\0,99
40
0,84\0,65
1,25\0,97
1,67\1,30
35
0,97\0,81
1,46\1,26
1,93\1,61
30
1,10\0,40
1,66\1,44
2,19\1,90
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
32
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
29-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
As can be seen from the table, with the decrease of the
installation angle, the soil ejection velocity V
sx
increases
independently of the movement speed of the leveler].
Excessive increase of the soil outlet angle causes the
soil to pass through the top of the working part and as
a result the quality of field leveling is impaired.
Therefore, the value of the installation angle should be
chosen in such a way that it allows the soil to move
normally at high speeds of the leveler. As can be seen
from the table, the mounting angle β = 60° and
ϕ
=30°
soil discharge velocity are 0.
Based on the above, it can be said that the leveling
angle of the leveling machine before planting should
be in the range of 50...55° when operating at high
speeds.
One of the factors influencing the working quality and
productivity of the leveling machine before planting is
the height of the working part. During the operation of
the unit, the working part cuts the soil and moves a
certain amount of soil collected in front of it. In order
for this soil volume to shift at the required level, the
height of the working part must be chosen so that
during the work the soil is pushed in front of the
working part without passing through the top of the
working part.
Figure 2. Schematic for determining the height of the working part of the leveler.
The height of the working part of the leveler can be
found by equalizing the volume of soil moving in front
of it as a result of the movement of the working part,
the size of the soil prism that can be placed in front of
it. Assume that the working part of the leveler is
located at an angle β to the direction of movement and
the depth of the moving soil is sunk to h
т
.
When the working part passes from state I to state II,
the ground triangle changes from state АВ
1
А
1
to state
А
2
В
1
В
2
. Thus, in front of the working part there is a pile
of soil, which is constantly determined by the size
expression. H
t
W
′
=
ℎ
т
𝑙𝐴𝐴
2
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛽
2
The amount of soil that can be placed in front of the
work piece in the form of a prism:
W=
𝐻
2
𝑡𝑔µ
𝑙𝐾
Where
𝐻
2
𝑡𝑔µ
)- is the cross-sectional area of the soil prism,
М
2
;
µ- angle of inclination of the soil prism, grad;
𝑙 −
the length of one section of the working part, m =
1m.
The cross section of the ground prism in front of the
work piece is 2.7
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
33
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
29-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
imagine in the form of a triangle as shown in the figure
3.
Figure 3.
When the angle of inclination of the working part of
the leveler is α=90°, the cross-sectional area of the
ground prism is А
′
ВС, and when the angle of inclination
is 90°, the area of the triangle is АВС. From this
ƍ =
𝑆∆АВС
𝑆∆А‛ВС
ƍ
-correction factor
ƍ
= 1.3
Equating W to W, we find the height of the ground
prism.
h=
√
ℎ
𝑛
𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝑡𝑔µ
2ƍ
Given the angle of inclination of the workpiece, its
height can be found from the following expression.
h
и
қ
=
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
√
ℎ
т
𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝑡𝑔µ
2ƍ
It can be seen from this expression that the height of
the working part depends mainly on the dimensions of
the moving soil layer (h
t
) and its physical and
mechanical properties (µ).
The angle of inclination of the working part is α=120°,
its installation angle
When β=50-55°, µ=30-32°,
ℎ
т
= 0,06 m, the height of the
working part of the leveling machine before planting
will be 0.164-0.172 m.
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34
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
29-34
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
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5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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