Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
11
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The Uster HVI system reflects the assessment of the colour of cotton fibre on the basis of international universal
standards and the replacement of the subjective visual assessment of the colour of cotton fibre in Uzbekistan by
objective instrumental measurement.
KEYWORDS
Cotton fibre colour, quality, international universal standard, HVI system, yellowing, brightness level, reflection
coefficient, USDA, integration, organoleptic, classifiers, standards - a set of appearance samples.
INTRODUCTION
Cotton is the main textile raw material processed all
over the world. Despite strong competition for
growing man-made fibres, the share of cotton in total
fibre consumption remains high. Quality classification
of cotton fibre plays a very important role in the world
cotton trade. Traditionally, cotton fibre is evaluated by
cotton classifiers in an organoleptic-visual manner [1-
5]. However, human pricing is subjective and may not
be tailored to consumer needs.
Research Article
ASSESSMENT OF COTTON FLOW COLOUR IN USTER HVI SYSTEM
Submission Date:
April 27, 2022,
Accepted Date:
May 07, 2022,
Published Date:
May 18, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume02Issue05-03
Toshmirzaev Kodirjon Odilzhanovich
Assistant, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Ibragimov Akhadzhon Odilzhanovich
Assistant, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Dilshodjon Rasuljonovich Ahmadjonov
Master, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
12
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
THE MAIN PARTS
Today, it is planned to replace the subjective visual
assessment determined by the class with the objective
instrumental measurement. There are many methods,
techniques and devices available today to measure the
quality of cotton fibre. Some of them are designed to
measure certain parameters of cotton fibre [6-9].
Examples: Microner, Pressley, Stelometer, Fibrograph,
Thermodetector and others. There are also
measurement systems that allow a comprehensive
assessment of cotton fibre quality, such as Uster HVI
(High Volume Instrument), Premier ART, AFIS
(Advanced Fibre Information System), IsoTester,
FibroLab and UAK. These devices and systems provide
cotton fibre producers, traders, and spinners with
valuable information that can be used not only to
classify cotton fibre but also to predict fibre
performance. Measuring the colour of cotton fibre.
The colour of cotton fibre is one of the most important
properties that determine the quality classification.
The colour of cotton fibre can be affected by many
factors related to its cultivation: rainfall, changing
climatic conditions, insects, fungi, soil, grass and
cotton leaf staining, and humidity and temperature
during storage of cotton. Thus, the deterioration of the
colour affects the efficiency of cotton processing and,
at the same time, its cost. Deterioration also affects the
fibre's ability to dye, absorb and retain dyes. Evaluation
of cotton fibre colour is usually performed by classes
by the organoleptic method [10-17]. Specially trained
classmates classify a cotton fibre sample by visual
comparison with a set of standard specimens in a room
with 1,200 lux of light, muffled grey walls, and a black
desk. In the 1930s, the USDA began developing an
instrumental colour scale. Then two parameters were
included in the classification of cotton fibre varieties:
brightness reflection rate (Rd) and yellowing (+ b). The
brightness level (Rd) indicates how bright or dull the
sample is, and the yellowness (+ b) indicates the
degree of colour pigmentation. The colour of the
cotton fibre was determined instrumentally using a
two-filter colourimeter. This objective method was
developed by Nickerson and Hunter in the early 1940s
to examine USDA cotton grade standards [18-22].
In the 1970s, colourimeter technology was integrated
into HVI. The HVI used 2.8-inch and 3.6-inch sample
mirrors and double-sided Xenon light bulbs for lighting
to create a 10.1-square-inch colour sample area. The
two light bulbs are positioned at 45 ° from the viewing
angle to comply with ASTM D 1729.
During the colour measurement process, the cotton
fibre is placed on a sample glass and the two
components of the cotton fibre are measured:
brightness-reflection coefficient (Rd,%) and yellowing
rate (+ b) when the light from the lamps is compressed
to a predetermined pressure and returned through
filters and photodiodes. . The reflection coefficient
describes how bright, white or dull, grey the fibre is.
The colour grade of the cotton fibre is determined by
the location of the intersection points in the Nickerson
and Hunter diagrams of the Rd and + b values
measured in HVI, as shown in Figure 1. The light is
measured by two separate detectors. The signals from
these detectors are used to calculate the sample to the
nearest tenth of a unit of colour (Rd) and (+ b). The
fixation level (Rd) determined by HVI indicates the
brightness of the sample, which corresponds to that
shown in the Nickerson-Hunter colour chart (Rd).
Yellowing on HVI (+ b) is determined using a yellow
filter that shows the degree of cotton pigmentation.
The yellowness in HVI (+ b) corresponds to the value (+
b) shown in the Nickerson Hunter colour chart.
Yellowing (+ b) is used in conjunction with the value of
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
13
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the reflector (Rd) to determine the colour level of the
cotton measured on the instrument.
Other devices can measure the colour of cotton fibre,
such as FQT / FibroLab (Lintronics) and IsoTester
(Schaffner Technologies, Inc.), but they are not widely
used in industry. HVI is now considered worldwide as a
universal method for measuring the colour of cotton
fibre. In the HVI system, the colour of the fibre is
determined by the three-digit code "Upland" in
accordance with the International American Universal
Standard for colour scheme Nickerson-Hunter Figure 1.
The first two digits of the colour code in accordance
with the International American Universal Standard
describe the colour variety. For more accurate
measurement, each value of the variety is divided into
squares that indicate the colour difference within the
variety. The third number of the colour code identifies
the square code [23-27]. As shown in Figure 1.
According to the International American Universal
Standard, Upland medium-fibre cotton fibre should be
white in colour. Cotton fibre is divided into groups
depending on the colour, depending on the yellow
saturation: White-white, Light Spotted-weak spot,
Spotted-spot, Tinged-yellow, Yellow Stained-yellow.
Varieties in each colour group differ in the degree of
darkening due to increased pollution and adverse
weather conditions, which is reflected in a decrease in
the reflection coefficient and are divided into the
following classifiers: Good Middling (GM) - good
medium; Strict Middling (SM) - solid medium; Middling
-middle; Strict Low Middling (SLM) - strictly low to
medium; Low Middling (LM) - low to medium; Strict
Good Ordinary (SGO); Good Ordinary (GO) - good
simple; Below Grades (BG) -standard.
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
11-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Figure 1. Nickerson-Hunter colour chart.
Uzbek cotton fibre UzDSt 604: 2016 Cotton fibre.
According to the specifications, the quality of cotton
fibre is determined by three different classification
methods [26-29]. They are STIC (HVI) method; klassyor
method; special methods. The SITC (HVI) method is
used to certify and determine the quality of cotton
fibre in Uzbekistan. The quality indicators of cotton
fibre determined in the Uster HVI system are accepted
as mandatory indicators and reference indicators
according to the state standards UzDSt 604: 2016 and
UzDSt 3295: 2018. However, the Colour Grade, which is
determined by the HVI system's colour and impurity
modulus, is not applicable to Uzbek cotton fibre. This
is because only the Rd and + b values of the USDA
standard mountain cotton are integrated into the HVI,
according to the Nickerson and Hunter diagrams of the
Colour Grade cotton fibre colour, which is determined
in the colour and impurity module of the HVI system.
Due to the unfavourable weather conditions in the
United States, the colours of cotton fibre are very
different from the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan.
CONCLUSION
When testing Uzbek cotton fibre in the HVI system, the
results are inconsistent with the requirements for the
colour and appearance of industrial varieties of cotton
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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VOLUME
02
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Pages:
11-17
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
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OCLC
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METADATA
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Publisher:
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Servi
fibre, given in Chapter 5.2.1 of the standard UzDSt 604:
2016. This is due to the fact that the long-term research
of Uzbek scientists on the brightness and reflection
coefficient (Rd,%) and yellowing rate (+ b) of Uzbek
fibre is higher than the Rd and + b values of USDA
standard mountain cotton. Today, HVI is considered
worldwide as a universal method of measuring the
colour of cotton fibre, and it is planned to replace the
subjective visual assessment determined by the class
with the objective instrumental measurement.
Therefore, in order to further improve the quality of
Uzbek fibre in the world market, it is necessary to use
world experience and new modern technologies.
To address this, the above shortcomings can be
addressed by adopting the nomenclature of colour
codes in the Nickerson-Hunter colour chart defined in
the colour and pollution module of the HVI system,
changing some state standards and appearance
samples of Uzbek cotton fibre.
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Pages:
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SJIF
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705
)
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OCLC
–
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Oscar Publishing Services
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