Vol. 5 No. 03 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 03

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which regulates chloride ion transport in epithelial cells. To date, more than 1,500 CFTR mutations have been identified, with their prevalence varying among different ethnic groups. This article reviews data on the frequency and spectrum of CFTR mutations in various populations, including Iran, Turkey, Russia, the USA, Australia, and Europe. Special attention is given to neonatal CF screening programs, their effectiveness, challenges related to false-negative results, and the need to adapt mutation panels based on ethnic characteristics. Studies confirm that expanding genetic panels, lowering IRT threshold values, and implementing a differentiated screening approach can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.

Despite impressive achievements in the field of molecular biology, which made it possible to reveal the main mechanisms and stages of carcinogenesis and to significantly improve the capabilities of instrumental diagnostics, every year there is a disappointing trend in the world towards an increase in the number of patients with oncological diseases.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiome, may play a significant role in stroke pathophysiology. This article explores the relationship between gastrointestinal dysfunction, dysbiosis, and ischemic stroke, highlighting the potential for therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to explore the mechanisms linking ischemic stroke to GI dysfunction and dysbiosis. Studies published between 2000 and 2024 were examined for evidence of GI involvement, alterations in the gut microbiota, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting these factors.

Results: GI dysfunction, including impaired gut motility, intestinal permeability, and gut microbial imbalances, has been observed in ischemic stroke patients. Dysbiosis may contribute to stroke-related inflammation, immune responses, and long-term complications. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that restoring gut microbiota balance through probiotics, dietary interventions, and gut-targeted drugs may offer promising therapeutic avenues.

Conclusion: Gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysbiosis represent important areas of research in ischemic stroke pathophysiology. Targeted interventions aimed at the gut microbiome hold promise for improving outcomes in ischemic stroke patients, though further clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings and optimize treatment strategies.

4-(6-phenyl-7H-[1,2,4]-triazolo-[3,4-b] - [1,3,4] - thiadiazine-3- yl) - aniline compound belongs to the group of triazole derivatives, belongs to class IV low-toxic compounds in acute toxicity, and sodium belongs to the compounds of this group, taking into account the presence of Due to its ability to block ion channels, it can be concluded that the 1.0 mg/kg dose studied during the experiment led to bradycardia in exchange for a decrease in the activity of the sinus node, which is considered the main regulator of the first-order heart rhythm.

This article is dedicated to an in-depth study of the effect of temperature on the species Spermophilus Pygmaeus in the field of rodentology. Existing studies show that temperature has a great influence on the number of small ground squirrels, their life activity, nest drying, and the development of young ground squirrels. This requires better study of the species and demonstration of new approaches based on ecological research. In studies conducted in the southern regions of Uzbekistan in 2023, a systematic analysis was conducted of how the nests, colonies, and population dynamics of these species changed depending on the temperature. To support scientific achievements in the field of rodents, it is necessary to develop new methods and test them in practice. Moreover, these studies demonstrate the importance of preserving the biodiversity of rodents and ensuring the sustainability of ecosystems.

The article provides information about adventitious species that have recently rapidly entered the local flora. It has been determined that there are various factors in the penetration of adventitious species into other regions. Some adventitious plant species distributed in the urban area are presented. It is emphasized that anthropogenic factors, logistical connections, and the introduction of ornamental plants play a key role.

This study examines the role of the immune system in regulating the homeostatic mechanisms of animals, particularly in conditions of physiological stress such as pregnancy. The research highlights how deficiencies in essential microelements like zinc, copper, and cobalt can impair immune resistance and disrupt metabolic processes. It was observed that reduced immunity contributes to the weakening of non-specific resistance, especially in newborn calves, leading to primary immunosuppressive conditions. These changes affect the body's ability to maintain homeostasis, resulting in a decline in animal health and economic productivity. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring immune and metabolic parameters to prevent immunodeficiency-related disorders in livestock.