Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
53
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
53-57
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I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
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555
)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
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Servi
ABSTRACT
This article presents examples of household lexemes in djagatai included in the dictionary "Sravnitelnyy slovar
turetsko-tatarskikh narechiy" by Lazar Zaharovich Budagov. Their etymology is explained by citing their meanings in
historical sources. Excerpts related to lexemes from the works of Alisher Navoi are presented. Explained using
historical dictionaries.
KEYWORDS
Djagatai lexemes, dictionary, bork, büräk, bürkamäk, irnäk.
INTRODUCTION
The two-volume "Sravnitelnyy slovar turetsko-
tatarskikh
narechiy,
so
vklyucheniem
sobukitelneyshikh slov arabskikh i persidskikh i s
perevodom na russkiy yazyk" occupies a special place
in the list of the main scientific works of L.Z. Budagov.
To compile this work, which is one of the largest
Turkish dictionaries of the 19th century, rich linguistic
and extralinguistic materials were collected by the
author from several sources. Active words from the
languages of many eastern nations are included in the
dictionary. Therefore, in the process of comparing
them, the written monuments of the peoples,
colloquial and translation dictionaries in Turkic
languages, and the texts of works related to their
literary heritage were used .
Research Article
HOUSEHOLD LEXICON IN THE DICTIONARY "SRAVNITELNYY SLOVAR
TURETSKO-TATARSKIKH NARECHIY"
Submission Date:
February 18, 2024,
Accepted Date:
February 23, 2024,
Published Date:
February 28, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue02-10
Mahliyoxon Tuxtasinova Shavkatjon Qizi
Alisher Navo’i Tashkent State University
Of The Uzbek Language And Literature, Teacher, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
54
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
53-57
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It is known from history that in ancient times, upper
clothes were made and worn mainly from tree leaves,
and shoes from wooden materials. According to M.
Asomiddinova, it is a top that completely or partially
covers a person's div and head. It is made of soft,
non-abrasive, raw or processed leather or plant
material. Its shape is in accordance with the div
structure of a person. According to its function,
clothing arose as a result of the need to protect the
human div from the adverse effects of the
environment. Its principle difference from other things
is not in form and material, but in the nature of being
used in connection with some social activity .
The lexemes related to the Djagatai language available
in the dictionary are divided into thematic groups and
researched . Clothes are mainly made of fabric and
leather and serve to cover the human div and div
parts to protect them from the effects of the external
environment. A person needs a lot of things in his daily
life. In linguistics, a number of research works related
to the field of household lexicon have been carried out
. In the dictionary "Sravnitelnyy slovar turetsko-
tatarskikh narechiy" by L. Budagov, a number of
Djagatai lexemes belonging to the same group are
noted:
غامت ْرِا
（
،قمترِا
قمْتري
）
irtmä
γ (
from the verbs irtmäq,
yirtmäq) - "old shirt (worn out clothes, shirt)",
قامْت ْرَا
ärtmäq - "bag, bag",
واق ْرآ
ärqav - " arqoq - thread woven
crosswise with the help of a shuttlecock",
ْىاد ُوب
büdäy -
"clothing of the Uzbek nobility",
ك ْر ُوب
،
ك َروُب
,
كماگروب
bork, büräk, bürkamäk - "hat, doughy food
(pirozhok)",
（
زيب
）
ْر َزوُب
büzär (biz)
–
" awl",
چنوغزوب
büz
γunč
- "a type of ink nut used to get red dye",
هلگد
=
هَلَكَت
täkalä ,
هلگد
- dägalä - "a type of short upper garment
(similar to nimcha), with goldwork on the basis of
which it is sewn with gold thread",
هَنَكَت
täkanä -
"women's headscarf",
كاغْلت
täl
γ
ak - a type of dress",
وقْپُد
düpqu - "1) a piece of board on which tailors
put their feet; 2) paint that cures falcons from fleas",
هاگد
degelä - "a short upper dress, sometimes decorated
with gold",
كچل
leček
- "women's headdress that is
pulled over the shoulders".
In the dictionary of L. Budagov, among the lexemes
with the meaning of "headwear", the lexeme
ك ْر ُوب
،
ك َروُب
,
كماگروب
bork, büräk, bürkamäk (BD, I, 277) is noted,
which means "dough food (pirozhok)". In the
dictionary of E. V. Sevortyan such terms as 1) woolen
hat, cap, headdress; 2) head covering, scarf; 3) burqa
(ESTYA, II, 221) are given, but the meaning of "doughy
food" is not discussed. It is noticeable that the above-
mentioned meanings (for the head and the div) are
united around the meaning of "cover".
Based on this general meaning, б
ɵ
:рик ~ б
ɵ
:р
ү
к
~
б
ɵ
рик ~ б
ү
рик
and
б
ɵ
рк ~ б
ү
рк
are derived from the
verb *
б
ɵ
р
ү
- ~
б
ү
р
ү
- using the suffix -(
α
)
қ
. In
M.Koshgari, bürün means "to cover", "to wrap", in old
Turkish sources büri-, bürü- "to cover", "to wrap", "to
cover". For example, in "Yusuf and Zeliha" (13th
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century) yüzünü büri dive üzre otur "cover your face
and sit on a camel".
L. Budagov notes that the lexeme
ك ْر ُوب
،
كوروب
börk,
börk has a connection with the verb
كم ْروب
(
ӧ
),
كميروب
،
كمرُب
, (tur.)
قموروب
–
“to cover”, “to cover”, “to take
over” (ESTYA, II, 223).
Bo‘rk is "a type of headdress", "cap"
- Bosh omon
bo‘lsa, bo‘rk topiladi (Prove
rb). This noun is derived
from the old Turkic verb börü- meaning "cover-",
"close-" (Devon, II, 164) with the suffix
–
q (ESTYA, II,
222); later the short vowel in the second syllable was
not pronounced (PDP, 373; Devon, I, 333); in the Uzbek
language, the sign of softness of the vowel
ӧ
has
disappeared: b
ӧ
rü- + k = b
ӧ
rük > b
ӧ
rk > bork (O'TEL,
77.). Headwear has a special place in the history of Altai
peoples. Headwear was used as a means of protection
from the sun, cold, snow, rain and wind among the
nomadic population. They served as shields in battles .
In the current Uzbek literary language, bo‘rk means
"headdress, telpak, made of boiled blackbuck skin in
the form of a cylinder": Boshsiz bo‘rk bo‘lmas, Toysiz –
turk (Proverb). This lexeme is also used as part of
phrases expressing that family or internal quarrels and
disputes should not be brought out: Bosh yorilsa, bo‘rk
ostida (yoki ichida); Bo‘rk ol desa, bosh (yoki kalla)
olmoq.
In addition, O'TIL (I, 417) contains an expression that
reflects the meaning of "punishment beyond what was
ordered, excessiveness": “Bo‘rk ol desa, bosh olib
keladigan dovyurak yigit eding-
ku! Nima bo‘ldi?”
(Uyg‘un, Asarlar).
According to the information given above, this lexeme
was used in different periods in the meaning of
"headwear" and is now considered an archaic lexeme.
The names of objects that are part of household
lexemes also occupy a large place in the dictionary:
ْكان ْريِا
irnäk - "edge, edge",
ْسوكوُت
toküš
- "filter used to
purify liquid",
نانوت
tünän - "torch from branches",
وغارْگْنوت
tüŋräγ
u
–
“bell”,
ْم ْر ِچ
čirm –
“spark (spark of
fire)”,
جاچ
=
ْسَچ
čäs=čäj –
“small straw of barley or oats
left after grinding; heap of ground barley or oats",
غوُچ
čüγ
- "coal, burning coal",
كوپوك
،
كبوك
كوبوك
،
كبوك
kübük,
küpük - "foam".
In the dictionary, it is noted that the Chigatoic lexeme
ْكان ْريِا
irnäk has the meaning "edge, edge". In the old
Turkish language, a different lexeme
ْكان ْريِا
irnäk was
used instead of the lexeme qirra, which means "the
end of the edge of something", "the pointed end of
something" (O'TEL, 551). The meaning of "the edge of
something" (RSL, I, 1468,1469) is expressed by means
of the lexeme ернек, formed by adding the affix
-
к to
the verb ерне
-. V. Sevortyan emphasizes that the
lexeme originates
from the verb ирне
- -to border", "to
surround", ер
ӊ
ек
~
ернек
is an imitation of the word
ерин
"lip", "lips" used in a metaphorical sense, the
diminutive affix is formed by adding -
ғ
а
қ
/-
қ
а
қ
or -(
а
)
қ
/-
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(
е
)
к
, recognizing that the
ерин
form itself can also
mean "the lip, edge of a vessel" (ESTYA, I, 301). The use
of the lexeme in the old Uzbek literary language in a
metaphorical sense can be seen in the work of Alisher
Navoi. In "Khazayin ul-Maani" ern represents "lip":
Jánnї ul nav’ki tan árzu etkäy bїhad,
Ru
hbaxš erningä jánimnїŋ erür hasrati köp. (ANATIL,
III, 567)
In "Lison ut-Tair" it is clearly shown that the lexemes
lab and ern represent a synonymic line:
Nuši labdїn kám olurda harzakiš,
Ul čayondїn ernigä sančildї nїš. (ANATIL, III, 567)
L. Budagov mentions the lexeme
ْكان ْريِا
irnäk as a
Djagatai unit expressing the meaning of "edge, edge"
(I, 191). In the etymological analysis of the lexeme qirra,
this word is derived from the word qir, which originally
means "outside" with the suffix -ä, which means to
strengthen ("eng"); it is said that the consonant r is
folded after the addition of the suffix: qir + ä > qirrä
(O'TEL, 551).
In the modern Uzbek literary language, the lexeme
"qirra" means "edge" as well as "narrow or sharp edge
of things". The lexeme is metaphorically used to reveal
the "characteristic, aspect, which determines the
essence of things": kechagina oddiy ko‘ringan narsalar
bugun negadir boshqa fazilati, boshqacha bir qirrasi
bilan namoyon bo‘lar edi (N. Fozilov, Diydor).
With the passage of time, the expansion of the
meaning of the lexeme occurred as "the line of
intersection of two planes enclosing a geometric div;
rib" means edge and is also confirmed by its use as a
mathe
matical term: Piramidaning qirrasi. “O‘tkir qirrali
burun” and “burni shunday yigit” (O'TIL, 300) use the
combination “qirra burun”.
Thus, lexemes represent how the development of the
language took place during the reflection of various
processes that occurred from ancient times to the
present day.
REFERENCES
1.
Асомиддинова
М.
1981.
Кийим
-
кечак
номлари. –
Тошкент: Фан.
2.
Будагов, Л. 1869. Сравнительный словарь
турецко
-
татарских
наречий.
–
Санкт
-
Петербург. I том.
3.
Фозилов, Э.И. 1983
-
1985. Алишер Навоий
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ҳ
ли
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ғ
ати
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жилдлик
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–
Тошкент
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Madvaliyev A. tahriri ostida. 2020. O‘zbek
tilining izohli lug‘ati. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston
nashriyoti.
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Mahmud Koshg‘ariy. 1963. Devonu lug‘otit
turk. Toshkent.
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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:
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(2022:
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445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
6.
Ра
ҳ
матуллаев
Ш
. 2000.
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Tuxtasinova M. Bobur asarlarining L.Budagov
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