Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
54
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
54-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In the article, the introductory chapters of Alisher Navoi and Muhammad Fuzuli's epics "Layli and Majnun" are
analyzed. These chapters were compared based on the similar and different perspectives of the authors.
KEYWORDS
Khamsa, praise, na't, munojat, prologue.
INTRODUCTION
Comparative analysis of the introductory chapters in
the epics "Layli and Majnun" by Alisher Navai and
Muhammad Fuzuli plays an important role in realizing
the essence of the ideological and artistic intentions of
the two creators. Because the prologues in "Khamsa"
epics are not only a traditional introduction to reality,
but also serve as an opening for the content of the
epics. In this sense, paying special attention to the
ideas presented in the introductions helps to reveal the
symbolic meanings hidden in the background of the
epics [1, 160].
In Alisher Navai's epic "Layli and Majnun" the prologue
includes 9 chapters. In the first chapter of the epic, i.e.
praise, the poet glorifies Allah with beautiful
attributes:
Research Article
THE COMPARISION OF INTRODUCTORY CHAPTERS ALISHER NAVAI AND
MUHAMMAD FUZULI EPICS “LAYLI AND MAJNUN”
Submission Date:
April 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
April 25, 2023,
Published Date:
April 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue04-09
Almaz Ulvi Binnatova
Doctor Of Philological Sciences, Professor, Head Of The "Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan Literary
Relations" Department Of The Institute Of Literature Named After Nizami Ganjavi, Azerbaijan
Abdulhakimova Yulduz G’ofur Qizi
PhD, Tashkent State University Of Uzbek Language And Literature, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
55
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
54-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Ey kimniki aylabon parivash,
Majnun anga yuz asiri g
ʻ
amkash.
Ey kimni qilib parig
ʻ
a majnun,
Ashki suyin oqizib jigargun.
Ey har sorikim qilib tajalli,
Ul mahzar o
ʻ
lub jahonda Layli.
Ey Majnuning xiraddin ozod,
Ohi beribon xiradni barbod [2, 6-7].
If you pay attention, the poet refers to the theme and
general content of the epic in the first chapter. While
praising Allah, he skillfully mentions the names of the
main characters and informs the reader of the story he
wants to tell:
“Whom you
created as a parivash, you made mad with
hundreds of sad lovers. Whom you made mad Majnun
with a pari, you shed brown tears. Wherever you made
a jilva, that jilva was seen in the world in the form of
Layli. You've created beauties named Layli with
qualities that drive lovers crazy. Your Majnuns are free
from intellegence. Their sighs are mind blowing" [3,
214].
METHODS
Fuzuli's epic "Layli and Majnun" has 12 prologue
chapters, and chapter 1 of the epic begins with the
traditional praise of Allah. The chapter is written in
Persian and consists of 38 stanzas. It tells about the
beauty, greatness, eternity and immortal of Allah. We
know Allah through art, says the poet:
Ə
lh
ə
mdü livahibil-m
ə
karim,
V
ə
ş
-
şükrü lisahibil
-m
ə
rahim...
...Memari-binayi-af
ǝ
rin
iş,
Sirabkoni-riyazi-
biniş.
General content: Praise be to Allah, the Merciful. He is
perpetual and eternal. He can be recognized by his
creation. How great and appreciable is He! Glory be to
Allah, the Merciful and Compassionate. He adorned
this universe and created the human race in it. He is
also the spender of the jewel of truth, the Architect of
the edifice of creation.
In our opinion, the reason for writing this chapter in
Persian is that Fuzuli considers Nizami as his teacher
and follows him in his work. In the praise chapter of
Navai's epic, while praising Allah, he talks about love,
Layli and Majnun as a reference to the general content
of the epic, while Fuzuli describes Allah through all his
great attributes, and these views of the poet are
significant because they express the general content
of the epic.
At the end of the chapter, the poet asks Allah for help:
Ə
z feyzi-hün
ə
r x
ə
b
ə
r n
ə
dar
ə
m,
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
54-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Cüz bihün
ə
ri hün
ə
r n
ə
dar
ə
m...
...Ayineyi-xatir
ə
m ş
ə
v
ə
d pak,
Rövş
ə
n g
ə
rd
ə
d çira
ği
-idrak.
Meaning: I don't know about the fame of my craft, I
have no other craft than lack of skill. No matter what
task I put in front of me, it has a sad beginning and end.
Every stone, every drop that falls in my path threatens
me. Please, when my pain comes out, embroider my
hand with pure writings in this sea of poems, make the
mirror of my memory pure, and the light of my mind
shine.
RESULTS
Although Fuzuli is aiming for the destination Alisher
Navoi is looking for in love, he wants to go to this
destination on his own way. The constitutive structure
of the epic is a clear proof of this: the second chapter
now includes praise in the Uzar language. This chapter
is 68 bayt long. In it, Fuzuli thanks Allah, praises Allah
with beautiful attributes and asks Allah for help.
Ey m
ǝ
bd
ǝ
i-fayzi-af
ǝ
rini
ş
,
S
ǝ
nd
ǝ
n r
ȕ
v
ş
ǝ
n
ҫ
ira
ḡ
i-
biniş!
…Ey p
ǝ
rdeyi-masiva niqab
ı
n,
S
ǝ
ndan
ȍ
zg
ǝ
s
ǝ
nin hi
с
ab
ı
n!
Ey sirri-v
ȕ
с
udun
ǝ
mri-m
ǝ
lum,
M
ȍ
v
с
ud h
ǝ
min s
ǝ
n,
ȍ
zg
ǝ
m
ǝ
dum!
Ey с
ȕ
ml
ǝ
с
ahon s
ǝ
n
ǝ
riza
с
u,
S
ǝ
nd
ǝ
n hali s
ǝ
ninl
ǝ
m
ǝ
mlu!
Meaning: With your grace the sons of Adam are
enlightened. O One whose div is secret, but whose
command is known to all! You are hijab at the same
time, and all your hijabs are with you. You alone exist,
You alone are eternal. No creature exists apart from
You, without You. O Creator of the non-existent! Your
thought is the spring of enlightenment. The whole
world is pleased with you. They are filled with your
mind and breath.
The second chapter of Alisher Navai's epic contains
Munojat. In Munojat, we see the prayers of the poet
who surrendered in the way of Allah, who gained
wisdom from the poor and the slave, when he started
writing the epic:
Qilmay da
ʼ
viyi xush adoliq,
Arz ayla, Navoiyo, gadoliq.
Shukrungg
ʻ
a tilimni qoyil ayla,
Sajdangg
ʻ
a boshimni moyil ayla...
Bo
ʻ
l rohnamun mango ul ishga,
Kim, bo
ʻ
lsa sanga rizo ul ishga...
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
57
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
54-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
As mentioned above, the introduction of Fuzuli's epic
"Layli and Majnun" differs from Alisher Navai's epic
"Layli and Majnun" in terms of its constitutive
structure. In Fuzuli's epic, Munojot is presented in
chapters 3-5. The initial file size is quite large - 86 bayt.
In it, the poet examines his soul and asks Allah for help
in controlling his div with his mind: "Ya Allah, don't
let me miss you because I hope for your refuge. You
created me from soil. You gave me mind and soul. If I
want a life, I want it from dust in your palace. Give my
mind to the way of saliklik".
N
ǝ
m var ki, laf ed
ǝ
m
ȍ
z
ȕ
mden,
M
ǝ
hv eyl
ǝ
m
ǝ
ni m
ǝ
nim g
ȍ
z
ȕ
md
ǝ
n.
Ol g
ȕ
n ki, yox idi m
ǝ
nd
ǝ
q
ȕ
dr
ǝ
t,
Qıldın m
ǝ
n
ǝ
qeyb
ǝ
timd
ǝ
r
ǝḡ
b
ǝ
t [4, 27].
Meaning: Save me from my own eyes, from my lust. I
had no power. You encouraged me.
DISCUSSION
Fuzuli analyzes himself in every speech, criticizes his
verbs. If a person cannot come to terms with himself,
if the duty of "I" deviates from faith, then it is out of
the question that the ego will lead him away from the
path of Allah and lead him to a dead end. The poet's
prayer is a way to find himself in himself, and he aims
to reach the destination through modesty, repentance
and obedience.
While praying to Allah, the poet expresses his
dissatisfaction with the creative environment around
him. He laments the lack of worthy artists among the
next generation. "My pains are many, my sins are even
more," says the poet.
As the Munojat continues in the following chapters,
Fuzuli talks about not always blaming the world for the
pains of the div and soul. Here we observe that his
views on the world and creatures differ from those of
other Eastern thinkers, especially Navai:
H
ǝ
r d
ǝ
m onu, biv
ǝ
fa oxursan,
“Dunsan” dey
ǝ
b
ǝ
ddua oxursan.
Ç
ȕ
n ol s
ǝ
n
ǝ
q
ı
ld
ı
mehribanl
ı
q,
Yaxşılı
ḡ
a eyl
ǝ
m
ǝ
yamanl
ı
q!
Meaning: "Why do you blame the world that you are a
"dunsan" (mean, lowly person) even if you suffer a
little. You make dua a bad prayer. Charx has done you
many kindnesses in this world. Do not harm the good
he has done.
The 3rd chapter of Hazrat Navai's epic is Na't, and
Navai dedicates this chapter to the praises of
Rasulullah (s.a.v) and talks about how the heavens
were illuminated by his grace, the entire universe
rejoiced at his footsteps, and that Allah made him
perfect in all sciences in one breath:
Sun
ʼ
ilgi chekib bu nomag
ʻ
a tam.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
58
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
54-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Orqasiga bosti naqshi xotam.
Me
ʼ
roj tuni taboh bo
ʻ
ldi,
Borcha anga hoki roh bo
ʻ
ldi,
Borisig
ʻ
a har guzin avqot,
Yuz ming salovat ila tahiyot.
In Muhammad Fuzuli, Na't took place from the 6th
chapter of the epic. In Na't Fuzuli emphasizes two
things. First, Prophet Muhammad (s.a.v) is the last of
the prophets.
CONCLUSIONS
But because of Allah's great love for Him, they met all
the prophets on the night of Me'raj and took the
throne of prophethood. They reached the highest
rank. Secondly, Allah created the light of our Prophet
(s.a.v) long before He created all mankind, and He
created Adam from that light:
S
ǝ
rd
ǝ
ft
ǝ
ri-
ǝ
nbiyayi-m
ȕ
rsie,
Onlara h
ǝ
n
ı
axir
ȕ
h
ǝ
m
ǝ
vv
ǝ
l!
In the first Na't of the epic "Hayrat ul-Abror", Navoi
reflects on this incident and writes:
Nurunga tob ikki jahondin burun,
Har ne yo
ʻ
q ondin burun, ondin burun...
Bo
ʻ
ldi sanga Odam sabqatnamo,
Avval o
ʻ
g
ʻ
ul, so
ʻ
ngra gar o
ʻ
lsa ato.
Before these verses, Hazrat Navoi quotes the following
words in the title of the first chapter of the epic:
“Ul hazratning nuri qidamiyatidakim, zot bahrining
avvalg
ʻ
i junbushida ul durri bebaho lam
ʼ
asi xafo
rishtasin uzdi va ul gavhari yakto ashi
ʼ
asi lam
ʼ
a
ko
ʻ
rguzdi va durjdin durjg
ʻ
a intiqol etti to Safiyullohdin
Abdullohg
ʻ
a yetti
”
[4, 27].
That is, in this place, we are talking about the antiquity
of the nur of the great thinker Rasulullah alayhissalam,
that by the will of Allah Almighty, this precious stone
broke the bond of secrecy, and this unique gem was
revealed, and passed from father to son, from Adam
Safiullah to the father of our Prophet, Abdullah. In the
above bayt, the same event is given a unique artistic
interpretation. Address to our Prophet: "Your light
shone before the two worlds were divided. Nothing
existed before him. Adam, peace be upon him, was
first created for you as a son, but later as a father" is
proof of this.
REFERENCES
1.
Yusupova D. (2016). O
ʻ
zbek mumtoz va milliy
uyg
ʻ
onish adabiyoti (Alisher Navoiy davri).
–
T.:
TAMADDUN.
–
160.
2.
Alisher
Navoiy.
(2011).
To
ʻ
la
asarlar
to
ʻ
plami.Yettinchi jild// Layli va Majnun- T.: G
ʻ
afur
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
59
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
54-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
G
ʻ
ulom nomidagi NMIU.
–
B. 6-7. (Bu va bundan
keyingi iqtiboslar shu manbaadan olinadi).
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G’ulom nomidagi NMIU. –
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Alisher Navoiy. (2006). Hayrat ul-
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G’ulom nomidagi nashriyot
-matbaa ijodiy uyi. -
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Мадиримова, С. М. (2018). О СЮЖЕТЕ ПОЭМЫ
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извлечено
от
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/archive/article/view/1
7743
