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ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to the Masters of the skill of using proverbs
and sayings in the novel “golden stainless” of the
20th century writer Shukhrat. The article is based on the fact that the writer studied in depth the samples of the work
of the people's mouth when creating the novel. In particular, the fact that the writer was able to use proverbs and
main phrases appropriately in the novel is given by analysis and interpretation through excerpts from the work.
Shukhrat is proved that the good knowledge of folklore fully ensured the life output of the novel “golden stainless”.
KEYWORDS
Folklore, proverb, main phrase, experience, heritage, value, skill.
INTRODUCTION
The people are a great power that creates history and
culture, material and spiritual wealth. Each nation
accumulates a huge amount of life experience over the
centuries, leaving this experience inherited by
different means to future generations. Proverbs and
sayings are such an invaluable heritage.Such priceless
Research Article
SHUKHRAT’S IN THE NOVEL "GOLDEN STAINLESS" SKILL IN USING
PROVERBS AND MAIN PHRASES
Submission Date:
October 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
October 05, 2022,
Published Date:
October 22, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue10-04
Nodira I. Soatova
Associate Professor Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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and unique masterpieces of thought have been
preserved and polished by our people for centuries,
surviving the events of different times. There is no
nation in the world that has not created masterpieces
of wisdom, nor has it kept them in the language and
language for centuries. "People's poetry will mature
only in enthusiastic, timid, vibrant living, pure, boeticid
and Noble peoples" [1; 295], " says N.G.Chernyshevsky.
The role and importance of proverbs in his life was
attributed to the Great Russian writer L.N.Tolstoy also
gave a very high assessment:”in each proverb the
figure of the people who created this proverb is visible
" [2;3].
METHODS
Indeed, in Proverbs, we see and feel the path traveled
by our ancestors, their forgiven marriage, their joy and
the suffering they suffered, thoughtful meaningful
pand
–
admonitions, traditions, traditions of our
ancestors who lived in ancient times, the Middle Ages
and beyond. In Boisi folk Proverbs, The encyclopedic
knowledge and observations of the people are
expressed. Every proverb that the people have spoken
for centuries is a mature work of art. In each line of
masterpieces of this rich creation, a thousand and one
wisdom is embodied.
It is known that the use of Proverbs, instructive
sentences in a work of art increases the power of
expression and realistic power of the work, ensuring an
figurative statement of thought. Also, folk Proverbs
decorate the speech of people with their compactness,
full rhyme, vitality and enrich human thinking, clever
with their treasure of wisdom. Therefore, it must be
said that our creators at all times made good use of folk
proverbs and sayings in their works. We will dwell
below on the skill of using proverbs in the novel
“golden stainless” of writer Fame and the portable
meanings expressed in the articles in this work. At the
same time, first of all, we should dwell on the opinions
of literary scholars about the genre of Proverbs.
"A proverb is a genre of folk oral creativity; a short and
concise, figurative, grammatical and logical ending, a
wise phrase, a deeply meaningful phrase. Having a
certain rhythmic form” [3;543], the prover
b expresses
folk wisdom, born on the ground of life experiences. In
literary criticism, the following signs of the genre of
Proverbs are used: “one of the folklore genres with a
short, deep meaning, a stable form widely used in
speech, which arose on the basis of centuries-old
experiences of the people. By its nature, the proverb is
used in speech as portable or in its own sense, that is,
some proverbs are used only in a portable sense (“The
Crow does not sink The Crow's eye”, “the dry spoon
tears the mouth
”), sometimes in its own sense (“if the
mother survives, the color
–
your face will not be
straw”)” [4; 253–
254].
At this point, the folklorist scientist M.It is permissible
to cite the definition of preferably given to the proverb:
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“proverbs in terms of th
eir structure will be short,
concise, thorough, logical and thoughtfully completed
and concisely worked. Proverbs express the conclusion
of valuable thoughts resulting from life experiences.
Proverbs often have a poetic form. They differ from
other types of folk oral creativity in their compactness,
toughness and thorough work” [5;6]. From the
definition given to the proverb by the above scholars,
proverbs have a deep and perfect meaning, in which
the wisdom of the People, national traditions, long
centuries of life experience are embodied. Indeed,
A.S.It is not for nothing that Pushkin wrote “how
meaningful each of our proverbs! You say gold, gold!
Creating them is not an easy sentence, no!"[6;455]
–
he
says. So, without hesitation, we can say that fame, as
Pushkin admits in the novel “golden stainless”, was
able to reasonably use proverbs, the meaning of which
is equal to gold, which, by the way, is also “not an easy
statement.” Again, it should be noted separately that
the “golden stainless”of Shukhrat is
the first novel in
Uzbek literature about the years of repression, a work
built on the basis of sharp conflicts, sharp conflicts.
In fact, the novel received its real assessment in literary
criticism due to the injustices of the era of personality
worship, the imprisonment of innocent people as black
and unreasonable punishments, that is, the depiction
of the hardships and torments of the life of an honest
Uzbek intellectual of the despotic system. In the
Sixties, when” golden stainless “was written,” says
Pirimkul Kadyrov, "the so
–
called "censorship"
prohibitions and prints were still very strong.
Shukhrat’s brother was the first in Uzbek literature to
create a great novel that exposes riotous tyrants who
led through these prohibitions and pressures, unjustly
imprisoned an honest intellectual and imposed false
accusations on him that do not stand on a shovel” [7;
43-71].
Well, at this point, let's dwell on the recognition that
the writer himself wrote about the creation of the
novel in 1968 under t
he heading “two oral words about
myself”to the 3 roof of The Shukhrat “selected works”:
“I examined the works of writers who entered my ear
as much as possible. Of all, household attractiveness in
Mopassan, romantic heroism in Jack London,
compactness and accuracy in Chekhov, scale and
psychological integrity in Lev Tolstoy captivated me.
With” war and peace “read”Anna Karenina "two or
three times chiqdim...To' the cave, until I read them
regularly, read Oybek's novels “Blood Of Honor”,
“Navoi”, Abdulla Kahhor's novel and stories “Sarab”,
and the funny stories of Ghafur Ghulam, finding a
charm and a miracle every time he read, “oh how
wonderful”. It seems to me that these sparks of envy
and fascination were whispered by my next reading.
And when I read the two immortal works of Abdulla
Qadiri, he was a little forgotten.)”[8;7–
8].
In the 20th century, in the world of literature, on the
scientific front, sceintest, when counting writers, first
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recorded the name of the “Great brothers”and then
entered the urf to mention national writers and
scientists. According to tradition, Shukhrat also counts
world and Russian writers first, and then the names of
Uzbek writers, when counting one by one the writers
who gave him an ideological mentor in writing a prose
work. It is noteworthy that fame on this date is A.The
Almighty gives his name in parentheses in the form of
an attachment to the main sentence with the comment
that “at this time he was “a little more forgotten”. And
we are interested in something else. What, fame did
not come to 1968, when with the” passing days “really
forgot about the”Scorpion from the altar"? Could it not
be that if he were” a little more forgotten", he would
leave him without writing down? After all, he's writing
about himself!
True, a person's memory is not a magnetic tape, he can
remember, forget. This is a normal process. But
Shukhrat has not forgotten either The Almighty or his
“two immortal works”. It's just that the writer, who
just got out of prison and was just beginning to meet,
is looking for a way out of the way for himself, doing
his best to name the Almighty, although he wrote in
parentheses “I could not remember” [9;46]. In
addition to the views of the literary scientist, it can be
said that although the writer did not note garchand in
his confession, which he wrote in the preface under the
title “two oral words about myself”, most of all the
writer was also closely acquainted with the samples of
folk oral creativity, we can see that there is inner
closeness to the people Also, the fact that the writer
was able to skillfully use folk proverbs and sayings in
his novels indicates that the role of folklorisms in his
work is great
It is known that in Uzbek folk Proverbs there is a
proverb about family and neighborliness “the
neighbor's heel looks Goose, The Bride is a girl [10], and
the writer used this proverb to give an image of
Mirsalim in the chapter of the novel “both Hearts Beat
gurs
–
gurs”, to show what the faithful did in the new
school: “there are no days To me. Yesterda
y, late in the
spring of the weekend, he took the eighth grade to the
Museum of history himself...in another class he
watched madrasah, who was nurtured by a spit. As the
neighbor's Peacock says it looks like a goose, these
simple deeds of the faithful put him in the eyes of
Mirsalim with a splash? At the same time, he made his
anger and slept his jealousy” [8;357]. Apparently, the
writer was content with bringing the first stanza of the
folk proverb and was in accordance with his goal, the
strengthening of ya'nikim reality.
In several places of the novel, The Writer skillfully
applied proverbs and purist phrases. In particular, we
can see that in the” thief Cat "season he again used the
image of Mirsalim in his Paradise speech when he
opened:" when Mirsalim went out saying goodbye
dark? Heaven closed the door with dice. Said to her
husband:
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- Fear the one who has opened up, and the one who
has laughed. This is not a good person.
- Why, being my fellow?- took to the joke faithful. He
would not see a reason to be offended " (P.8; p. 364).
The proverb used by this writer in Proverbs about
“prudence and carelessness” is “afraid of one new
marriage, one new enrichment”, “fear of the goat seen
by the market”, “fear of the mother who praised her
child” [11;426] was
created under the influence of
Proverbs and brought into the work by the writer with
the aim of enhancing artistic
Reading the work, we witness that in several places
purhikmat phrases and proverbs were used to express
various tasks. In particular, remembe
ring the proverb”
they read--Gulistan, uneducated
–
ghuristan", they
promised to turn Tashkent into a gross literate city this
year... Previously,” ten wives would say that one pot
cannot boil " (8; 408). As can be seen from this
passage, the purhikmat phrase and proverbs used by
the writer in the novel are significant in the fact that
they develop peculiarities in the hero's psyche, are able
to reflect comprehensive thoughts in compact lines.
"The faithful is surprised and climbs the engagee. It is
not interesting for a poor wife, whose knife is worn on
the bone, to say sweetly and fill her sheep with a puck
nut....To shame, the city is wide-it can make it
ungrateful. But the faithful was not afraid of his
humiliation, nevertheless lowered the advice
–
:
•
What do you say, sister?
•
I was surprised by you....Do you call to justice?..
•
Then-does he not say that you are going to
allow?
•
Last time silent.
•
This answer from the wife again encouraged
the faithful. Even so, asked the wife the whole
story, advised the wife to tell her own
shortcomings as well.
•
Kars comes out of two hands, my sister, you
too hadeb to recover. Human language is sharp
from any wedge! A language that loves and a
language that annoys.
•
Wow -, when I answer one of the ten words of
the circle, it goes into the world-and from the
beginning of the word it hits my mouth saying
“smoke smells of your speech.” Would you
hear from him again, and cover the embers
with paper?
The wife cried again, saying that she was hurt by her
children, that as soon as her dad entered the door, they
would tremble at the dacha.
- Teach from my God, he does not give a child to the
beggar, he joins the bully...” (8;415).
As the above passage shows, several folk main phrases
and proverbs were used in this small dialogue. "The
knife is worn on the bone”, “the sheep is stuffed with
nu
ts”, “the applause comes out of two hands”, “both
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the language that makes you love and the language
that decorates”," smoke smells of your speech " would
wrap the embers in paper!", "the beggar does not give
a child, adding to the hooligan...”. In opening
the
essence of the work, the writer was able to bring this
pure expression and proverb in his place, ensuring the
folk, fluency, popularity of the work, increasing its
impressionability, and allowing the reader to easily
convey the inner world of artistic images.
"The camel's sock, as if the horse's name was huge, did
not know that the faithful horse had reached the
“alien” school by walking... I must talk so that six Ham
and kebab do not burn either. Surely not everything his
wife says is true, and he adds and adds all the time he
goes to arz, and even if he does not want to, trouble
and anger force him to do so. First you need to know
her husband's friend, good approaches the good,
misguides the bad path” (8;416). We think that another
aspect that shows the skill of the writer is that he was
able to use purgatory phrases and proverbs even in the
thoughts of the heroes. This circumstance gave the
work a folk spirit and tone, and the syncretic state of
the possibilities of folklore and written literature
served to enhance the artistry of the novel.
“When the school's scientific director did not answer,
he relaxed a little, saying,” Although this man will also
put his guard on everything." Then they were again
embodied. The eye I filled with blood like the crown of
a fighting cock. ldi.....Er humiliation-worse than the
humiliation of the Earth! If you are right, the shadow
curve will not fall, do not justify yourself!” (8;416). The
writer was not only well versed in folk purhikmat
phrases and proverbs, but also skillfully applied them
in his novel, enriching them with a new form and
content, while keeping them in essence. It is clear from
the excerpts from the novel that we think that the
writer created the novel “golden stainless” in full
under the influence of folk oral creativity, that fame
was able to reveal the inner world of modern images
with a style characteristic of oral creativity determines
its uniqueness as a creator.
"He says that he stumbles on a flat Earth, pampered.
Okay, it was a lesson for him, now he also drinks yogurt
with a blow.
The brown goose walking on the lake does not know
the value of the desert,
The tuvalah walking in the Desert does not know the
value of the hand” (8;495).
From the excerpt from this novel, we can see that the
writer managed to describe in a simple way the
incredibly large-scale, comprehensive thoughts,
beautiful artistic finds.
"- Trouble needs patience, thanks to the accident, John
child. It is no pity that you beat yourself into fire and
water” (8;499), “reproach the
servant does, May God
bless you, my soul child. Winter will not be without
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summer, these days will also pass, the arrest of
alagarga will remain
–
said Aunt Justice to her daughter
–
in-law, prolonging tea, - Take, eat two buns of bread
with a cup of tea, there will be Medicine. Hadeb to the
word on the street does not burn, if a friend speaks
with a burn, the enemy speaks with an increase. Left to
the idol of any blind beggar, my child is poor! Do not be
offended by everyone, there is always a lot from bad to
good, from Haram to honest” (8;501). A characteristic
feature of the writer is that only one aunt of Justice
used several main phrases and proverbs in a small
conversation, in which the bride said in an exhortative
manner in order to cheer up Heaven and wipe out the
grief, gave a philosophical
–
didactic spirit to the
episode that the writer wanted to describe, increased
the emotionality of the image.
“I am not in doubt, dear, I am taking a precautionary
measure
–
- smiles are able.
–
I say that the wedding will
spread until the bald is tense, as if waiting for the girl in
love to make an offer, and not white falls on my beard.
- Does not fall! Does not fall? Was -
, I'll wait” (8;398). As
can be seen from the proverbs presented in the novel,
The writer was well versed in folk oral creativity,
therefore, in the work main used phrases and proverbs
in his place. This circumstance fully ensured the life
output of the work.
CONCLUSION
So, the poems created under the influence of folk oral
creativity by a versatile talent, a creative person loyal
to his people and his homeland [12;13;14], epics, stories,
short stories and works of art journalism significantly
enriched the spiritual heritage of our people. The
language of his works is simple, fluent, close to the folk
language, more precisely, the artistic image of the
people's dreams and dreams. For this reason, the
literary heritage of Shukhrat stands among the famous
examples of Uzbek literature of the 20th century and
directly serves to educate the younger generation in
the spirit of goodness.
REFERENCES
1.
N.G.Chernyshevsky. Paln.SABR. hair.,T, P str.295.
2.
National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. Volume 5,
Oz.ME publishing house, T., 2003
3.
Khatamov N., Garlic B. Russian
–
Uzbek Explanatory
Dictionary of literary science terms. - T.: Teacher,
1983
4.
Shukhrat. Gold stainless.- T.: The clever reader,
2021.
5.
Preferred M. About Uzbek folk Proverbs. // Uzbek
folk Proverbs. Publishing house of literature and
art, T., 1978
6.
"Pushkin v V vospominaniyakh sovremennikov".-
L., 1980, 455-str
7.
Shukhrat is in the memory of contemporaries. - T.:
Uzbekistan, 2008
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8.
Fame. Two oral words about myself. Selected
works. 3 completeness. 1 full. - T.: Ghafur Ghulam,
1969.
9.
Yadgarova M. Creative biography of the novel
“Golden stainless” of Shukhrat historicism and
artistry. The elephant.f.f.dissertation written for
the degree of doctor (PhD)
10.
https://n.ziyouz.com/portal-haqida/xarita/uzbek-
xalq-ogzaki-ijodi/uzbek-xalq-maqollari
11.
Uzbek folk Proverbs.- T.: East, 2005
12.
Saatova,
nodira.
(2021).
SHUKHRAT
AND
FOLKLORE. Journal Horizon Philologii, 3(3).
izvlecheno horse https: / / journal. CSPI. face /
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13.
Saatova N. Folk melodies in the poetry of Fame.
Mirror of literature. Scientific collection. -
Tashkent: Uzfa State Literary Museum, 2009. №11
14.
Saatova N. Folklore traditions in the work of
Shukhrat. Uzbek language and literature. -
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