Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
5
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
P
AGES
:
05-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article covers aspects related to the popularity of Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa”, existing epics. Warm thoughts of
Navoi’s contemporaries and students about “Khamsa” were also reflected. It was also mentioned that Alisher Navoiy
used more than 26 thousand words of vocabulary in his creative heritage. In this context, information is given about
plural dictionaries compiled accordin
g to Navoi’s works. Alisher Navoiy comments of Alisher Navoiy’s manuscripts of
“Khamsa” kept in Uzbekistan. the attention of scientists who have studied Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa” aim is enlighten
to the general public about the issues that have escaped.
KEYWORDS
“Khamsa”, Dictionary of Navoi’s works, “Panj Ganj”, “Makorim ul
-
Akhlaq”, “Badayi’ ul
-
lugat”, manuscript, dictionary,
miniature, “Saddi Iskandari”, manuscript copy, Khamsanawislik, Navoiy studies, Khamsa studies.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
STUDY OF NAVOI’S “KHAMSA” AND ITS MANUSCRIPTS
Submission Date:
September 10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
September 16, 2022,
Published Date:
September 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue09-02
Hilola Sh. Shakirova
Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan Named After Alisher Navoi Trainee-Researcher Of The
State Literary Museum, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
6
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
P
AGES
:
05-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Classical works of art have always attracted the
attention of many people. The attitude towards them
was also different. Each period interpreted and
evaluated a certain classical work based on the criteria
of its time. We can take the works of Alisher Navoi as
the most prominent of our classical works.
The reason for the universality and eternal life of our
great poet Alisher Navoi’s works is that he gave high
thoughts of social importance in a high artistic form
[Rustamov A. “Navoi’s artistic skills” T.: Literature and
art, 1979 - P-3]. That is why the creative legacy of Alisher
Navoi (1441-1501), a great figure of Uzbek literature and
culture, a great poet and thinker, has been attracting
the attention of the nation for many years. Learners of
Navoiy of Uzbekistan continue the scientific and
creative traditions passed down from generation to
generation and develop Navoi studies [Kayumov A
“Alisher Navoi” T.: Uzbekista
n, 2011 - P-3].
Main part
Interest in Navoi’s “Khamsa” began at the time when
it was written. This indicates that he has gained fame
since then [Erkinov A “Sources of interpretation of
Alisher Navoi's “Khamsa” (15th
-
early 20th centuries)”
Vol.: TAMADDUN, 2018 - P-212]. So, the study of
“Khamsa” began from the moment it was created. As
a proof of my opinion, I would like to quote the
opinions of Alisher Navoi’s friend Husein Boykara. In
Husein Boykara’s view, Navoi’s thoughts on creating
“Khamsa” seemed lik
e exaggeration at the time, but
Navoi achieved his intention: “At that time, this verses
were his inspiration, and it was the poet’s exaggeration
were seen in public eyes. Extremely, at this time he
started to write “Khamsa” and finished it.” [Husein
Boykara. Devon, treatise. T.: Science, 1968
–
P-164].
From these words of Boykara, we can learn that Navoi
touched “Khamsa” for the first time and that it was not
his poetic praise.
Husein Boykara pays special attention to the period of
writing of “Khamsa” with t
he following comments:
“Since Sheikh Nizami is a master of poetry, his famous
“Khamsa” has been perfected for thirty years. And Mir
Khisravkim reduced the number of “Khamsa” verses
from thirty thousand to eighteen thousand, and he
finished it in six to seven years.
... he gave sincere interpretations and made
corrections in many legends, and it took less than two
years from the beginning of his writing to the end of his
writing, and if we include the mentioned time, I can say
that I did not reach six months
” [Husein Boykara.
Devon, treatise. T.: Science, 1968
–
P-164.].
In these words, Baykara paid special attention not only
to the period of writing, but also to the size of the bytes
in it. Nizami finished “Khamsa” in 30 years, Khusrav
Dehlavi in 6-7 years, but he says that he reduced the
number of bytes (if Nizami has 30 thousand bytes) to
18 thousand [Erkinov A “Sources of interpretation of
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
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–
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa” (15th
-early 20th centuries)"
Vol.: TAMADDUN, 2018 - P-164]. However, Nizami and
Dehlavi are his teachers. Unlike them, Navoi finished
writing his “Khamsa” con
sisting of 32,000 bytes in 6
months. This is recognized as a virtue in the Khamsa
tradition. In addition, “Navai,
- says Baygaro,
“interpreted the legends of Hamsa in a pleasing way
(“gave sympathetic interpretations of the legends”),
updated them (“made significant reforms”)”. In
addition, Husayn Baygaro gave high evaluation
mentioned above to Navoi’s work of “Khamsa”, and in
his “Risola” the great poet is glorified as “the owner of
the wealth of words”.
Khondamir also writes about Navoi’s “Khamsa” in his
work “Makorim ul
-
Akhlaq” (1501): “One of the poems
of the emir of beautiful quality is the Turkish
“Khamsa”, which contains 27 thousand verses. It was
composed as an alternative to Sheikh Nizami’s “Panj
Ganj”. They put subtle meanings and beautiful
thoughts in this book. In this speech, Khondamir pays
special attention to the cultivation of Navoi’s “Hamsa”
in the Turkish language, and he also emphasizes its
size. This is what attracts Khondamir’s attention that
Navoi creates his “Khamsa” as an alternative t
o
Nizami’s “Panj Ganj” and Navoi has placed subtle
meanings and beautiful thoughts in his work.
Alisher Navoi used more than 26 thousand words of
vocabulary in his creative heritage. For more than five
centuries, this great genius has been surprising the
people of the world with his deep philosophical
observation, the wide scope of meaning and the
vastness of the sea of eloquence in his poetic
heritage.(Yusupova D “History of Uzbek classical
literature (Alisher Navoi era)” T.: “Akedemnashr”, 2013
- P-6) Therefore, it is no coincidence that the study of
his works, in particular the study of “Khamsa”, has
become widespread and has stimulated the creation of
such sciences as Navoi studies and Hamsa studies.
Special dictionaries have been compiled for studying
t
he works of Alisher Navoi, including “Khamsa”. The
fact that the work of creating a dictionary also began
during the time when Navoi lived, as I mentioned at the
beginning of my article, is proof that the study of his
“Khamsa” began during that period.
In
the last years of Navoi’s life, based on his works,
“Badoyi’ ul
-
lugat” (compiler Tole’ al
-Imani al-Hirawi),
and a little later “Lug’ati Navoi” were created. In 1560,
Alayi bin Muhibi compiled the dictionary “Al lug'at un
-
Navoiyyat wal istishhodat ul-
chig’atioiyat” (“Navoi’s
dictionary and proofs of the Chigatai language”)
[Sirojiddinov
SH,
Yusupova
D,
Davlatov
O
"Navoiyshunoslik (Book 1)" T.: "Tamaddun", 2018 - P-
10]. Based on this and several other dictionaries and
sources, the study of Navoi’s Khamsa cont
inues to this
day. Especially after the 20th century, studies of
Navoi’s “Khamsa” in all aspects intensified. First,
copies of the manuscripts of Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa”
were studied.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
8
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
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P
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05-11
SJIF
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(2022:
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445
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
4 manuscript copies of “Khamsa” copied during
Navoi’s lifetime have rea
ched us.
The most complete and delicate manuscript copies of
Navoi’s “Khamsa” have reached us. Abdujamil, a
famous writer from Herat transcribed the finished
parts of “Khamsa” to the clean copy. This manuscript
is now kept in Tashkent at the Institute of Oriental
Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruni of the
Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan with inventory
number 5018 [Ikramov A. Master’s thesis “History of
the study of the epic “Hayrat ul
-
Abror”, T.: 2012
- P-6].
Another copy of “Khamsa” copied during Navoi’s
lifetime (1492-1493 years) belongs to the work of
Sultanali Mashhadi. This manuscript has also come
down to us and is now kept in the Saltykov-Shchedrin
State Library in St. Petersburg [Kayumov A “Alisher
Navoi” T.: Uzbekistan, 2011
- P-20].
Copying Nav
oi’s “Khamsa” was not an easy task for
that time. It required a lot of work, a lot of time and a
lot of money. But despite this, there was a lot of need
to copy Navoi's “Khamsa”. This shows that there is a
lot of interest in it and a need to learn it.
During this period, when its scientific interpretation
and study intensified, many scientific researches were
carried out, based on the manuscripts of “Khamsa”
scientific and critical texts were created, his prose
statements were presented to the people in the form
of books, and several textbooks were published. One
such work is that the prose narratives of Navoi's
“Khamsa” were printed several times in Tashkent. In
1960, the full critical text of “Khamsa” prepared by
Porso Shamsiev was published by the publishing house
of UzFA. In addition, Porso Shamsiev’s creation of “A
Brief Dictionary of Uzbek Classical Literature Works”,
“Dictionary of Navoi’s Works” (co
-authored with
Sobirjon Ibrohimov) is also related to the many years
of textual studies conducted by the
scientist on Navoi’s
works. [http://kh-davron.uz/kutubxona/uzbek/porso-
shamsiyev-abdurahmon-jomiy-va-alisher-navoiy.htm]
Another Uzbek scholar who worked on Alisher Navoi’s
“Khamsa” is Abdugadir Hayitmetov. In his “Literary
-
Critical Views of Navoi”, “Creative Method of Navoi”
and other works, important comments about the
ideological and artistic features of “Khamsa” are
presented. For example, in the introduction to Navoi’s
Literary-Critical Views, he expresses the importance of
studying his works as follows:
“Looking at Navoi’s criticism means looking at the
literature and literary life of that time. The study of
Navoi’s literary and critical heritage helps to study
Navoi’s work in depth. Evaluating Navoi’s literary and
critical heritage means evaluating one of the most
complex aspects of Navoi’s work” [Khaitmetov A.
“Literary and critical views of Alisher Navoi”, T.:
Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the
Uzbekistan SSR, 1959 - P-6]
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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)
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–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Navoi’s work “Khamsa” is a major work that includes
five epics based on long creative experiences.
Professor Hayitmetov says in his work that Navoi’s
views are scattered in all his works, even if he does not
have a special literary-
critical work. “Khamsa” is one of
them. “In the beginning of each of the epics include
d
in “Khamsa”, the great poet vividly stated his ideas
related to the theory of literature as an advanced
progressive writer standing on the side of the people.
In addition, in other places of “Khamsa” very valuable
literary and critical opinions are expressed. The twelfth
article and the last part of the epic “Hayratul
-
Abror”’
about the people of the pen are a clear proof of our
opinion. In these places, the poet reflects on the issue
of content and form in the literary work, and the social
function of literature. Similar comments can be found
in the introduction and the end of the remaining four
epics [Khaitmetov A. “Literary and critical views of
Alisher Navoi”, T.: Publishing House of the Academy of
Sciences of the Uzbekistan SSR, 1959 - P-60].
Abdugafurov Abdurashid is one of the scientists
studied by Navoi in the 20th century. He also tried to
study the little-
studied aspects of “Khamsa”. One of
the books he created is “The Big Five Lessons Book”, a
collection of his articles. This book is an excellent guide
for Hamsa learners. This book of the literary scholar
mainly talks about some aspects of Alisher Navoi’s
work. For example, Navoi elaborates on the history of
the creation of “Khamsa” and cites examples of
Navoi's thoughts from his own work as evidence: "The
desire to move from the genres of poetry to major
ones occupied his thoughts from his youth, and
therefore his heart turned to the “Khamsa” of Nizami
and Khisrav Dehlavi.” He later wrote:
...Vale qoni
ʼ
o
‘
lmay ushoq ishga hech,
Dimog‘imda erdi ulug‘ pech
-pech.
Ne maydon aro sursam erdi samand,
Havosin ko‘ngul qilmas erdi pisand.
Ne bo‘stonki, sayr isra mavjud edi,
Haqoratdin ollimda mardud edi.
Xayolimda kishvaristonlig‘ kirib,
Mamolikda sohibqironlig‘ kirib,
Bu andeshadin erdi ko‘nglumda shayn
Ki,
bo‘ldi ko‘nglum moyili “xamsatayn”
[Alisher Navoi. “Khamsa”. Prepared by P. Shamsiev]”
In addition, the book covers topics such as the social
essence of “Khamsa” and poetic stories in “Khamsa”,
about Navoi’s undiscovered ghazals, as well as Alisher
Navoi’s
thoughts about the creative the Timuriys.
Although the book consists of some articles, it has a
general whole.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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VOLUME
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
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Servi
Also, in the 21st century, many scientific researches
dedicated to Navoi's “Khamsa” were created. It is
worth noting that the research of this masterpiece of
Navoi on the basis of new scientific views is required by
life itself. The monograph and book of well-known
literary scholar, doctor of philology Aftondil Erkinov
“Sources of the interpretation of Alisher Navoi’s
“Khamsa” (15th
- early 20th c
enturies)” [“Tamaddun”
publishing house, 2018] is one of such new researches.
In this study, the author researched Navoi’s work
“Khamsa” for the first time in our literary studies based
on the methodology of literary hermeneutics
[Turdaliev A. Journal of Uzbek literature and art, from
the article “New interpretation of Khamsa” (2019,
issue 14)]. Erkinov Aftondil in the book “Sources of
interpretation of Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa” (15th
- early
20th century)” says the following about the aspects of
Alisher Nav
oi’s “Khamsa” research: “Navoi’s views on
his “Khamsa” are wide
-ranging , they relate to
different aspects of the work. We studied only one of
them
–
Navoi’s attitude to the tradition of Khamsa
writing and his literary aesthetic views in the process of
wri
ting his “Khamsa” [Erkinov A “Sources of
interpretation of Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa” (15th
-early
20th centuries) Vol.: TAMADDUN, 2018 - P-253].
The author used 57 manuscript copies of Navoi’s
“Khamsa” in the Manuscript Fund of the Institute of
Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruni of the
Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan as a research
object and thoroughly researched them [Turdaliev A.
From the article “New interpretation of Khamsa” in the
Journal of Uzbek literature and art (2019, issue 14)]. In
a
ddition, Navoi’s “Khamsa” has been studied by many
scholars. For example, Suyma G'anieva, E. Shodiev
“Khamsa” and Persian
-
Tajik literature”, D. Yusupova
“Artistic harmony of content and rhythm in Alisher
Navoi’s “Khamsa”, A. Qayumov’s interpretation of
“Ha
yrat ul-
abror” and “Saddi Iskandari”, etc. Here the
question arises, “What does knowing what has been
learned give us?”, “why do we need to learn and know
what has been learned?” Knowing and learning what
has been learned gives us the following:
-
Knowing how important Navoi's works are and
how important it is to study them;
-
Learning research methods from older and more
experienced scientists;
-
Determining convenient methods and methods for
research;
-
Draw the necessary conclusions from their work;
-
Avoiding repetition, i.e. clarifying the unlearned
aspects after learning them well;
-
Pursuit of novelty.
-
Increase the ability to think.
RESULTS
Apart from the above, the study of Alisher Navoi’s
“Khamsa” will tell us its importance. We can also add
that by studying it in this way, we can find something
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Publisher:
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new in the study of Hamsa. It is easier to give our
conclusions by comparing the data from the studied
cases.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I will say that despite the fact that
Navoi’s “Khamsa” has been studied for centuries, we
can still discover new aspects of it. In this article, I only
touched a little on the study of his work “Khamsa”.
Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa” has been given a certain
attitude in various literary works, reviews, historical
works and memoirs. Such a relationship is important in
terms of understanding and evaluating “Khamsa”,
determining its place in the literary environment.
Notes and relationships in scientific, artistic and
historical works about Navoi’s “Khamsa” between the
15th and 20th centuries should be specially studied in
literary studies. [Erkinov A “Sources of interpretation
of Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa” (15th
-
early 20th century)”
Vol.: TAMADDUN, 2018 - B-154] In addition, many more
of his works and their rare manuscript copies and
miniatures made of manuscripts need to be studied.
They contain many secrets, scientific and mystical
ideas.
Learning them should be the goal of us young people
together with our mentors. Studying them and
breaking them into our society is also considered one
of the good deeds.
REFERENCES
1.
Rustamov A “Navoi's artistic skills” T.: Literature
and art, 1979.
2.
Kayumov A “Alisher Navoi” T.: Uzbekist
an, 2011.
3.
Erkinov A “Sources of interpretation of Alisher
Navoi’s “Khamsa” (15th
-
early 20th century)” T.:
TAMADDUN, 2018
4.
Husayn Boykara. Devon, treatise. T.: Science, 1968
5.
Yusupova D “History of Uzbek classical literature
(Alisher Navoi era)” T.: “Akedemnashr”, 2013.
6.
Sirojiddinov SH, Yusupova D, Davlatov O
“Navoiyshunoslik” (Book 1) T.: “Tamaddun”, 2018.
7.
Ikramov A “History of the study of the epic “Hayrat
ul-
Abror” master thesis, T.: 2012.
8.
Kayumov A “Alisher Navoi” T.: Uzbekistan, 2011.
9.
http://kh-davron.uz/kutubkhona/uzbek/porso-
shamsiyev-abdurahmon-jamiy-va-alisher-
navoiy.htm
10.
Khaitmetov A. “Literary and critical views of Alisher
Navoi”, T.: Publishing House of the Academy of
Sciences of the Uzbekistan SSR, 1959.
11.
Abdugafurov A “Lessons of the Big Five” T.:
Literature and art named after Gafur Ghulam, 1995.
12.
Turdaliev A. Uzbek literature and art magazine,
from the article “A new interpretation of Khamsa”
(2019, issue 14).
