Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
82
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
82-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Today in linguistics is gave a special attention to the study of vocabulary with national colours. In this article, we
examined the use and study of exotisms, examples of scientific works of various linguists, and their distinctive
features.
KEYWORDS
Vocabulary, linguistics, aspect, direction, etymology, exotisms, transmitted, traditions, culture.
INTRODUCTION
The development of human culture occurs due to the
process
of
communication.
The
process
of
communication is one of the main ways of transmitting
cultural values from generation to generation. The
culture in which we grew up largely determines our
speech behavior, conditioned by the traditional ethical
norms and rules existing in it. Consequently, language
is a reflection of the picture of the material and spiritual
world, a reflection of the culture of its speakers.
From the point of view of cultural orientation,
language performs a dual function. First of all, it is
called upon to satisfy the needs of internal
communication of a given cultural and linguistic
society, and therefore its development is aimed at
accumulating the means necessary to describe the
culture of a given ethnic group. However, in the
conditions of a multicultural world, there is no society
that would be absolutely isolated from communication
Research Article
LINGUISTIC HISTORY OF STUDY EXOTISMS
Submission Date:
November 09, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 14, 2024,
Published Date:
November 19, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue11-15
Xasanova Kamila Baxtiyorovna
Teacher of Termez state university, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
83
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
82-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
with external cultures. As a result of intercultural
communication (or intercultural communication), i.e.
communication between speakers of different
cultures (and usually different languages), interlingual
contacts inevitably arise.
McLuhan calls the modern world a "global village",
thereby emphasizing the rapid development and
global scale of intercultural communication. The
vocabulary of a language, satisfying primarily the
needs of an internal culture, over time increasingly
gravitates toward the outside world. Language can
serve not only as a means of bringing cultures
together, but also as a means of separating them.
S.G.Ter-Minasova speaks of the so-called "conflict of
cultures", the result of which at the linguistic level may
be a misunderstanding or incorrect understanding of
foreign
words,
abbreviations,
neologisms,
phraseological units, etc., if they are not provided with
a commentary .[3.45].
Foreign-language means of nomination, reflecting the
national-cultural specificity of the language, have
attracted and continue to attract the attention of many
modern researchers. Ethnopsycholinguistic studies
examine the national-cultural specificity of speech
behavior in connection with the specificity of local
cultures.
In linguistic and regional studies, the main focus is on
the national-cultural information potential of the
lexical meaning of borrowed language units. In
translation studies, methods and techniques are being
developed for conveying the meanings of culturally
oriented borrowed vocabulary when translating into
the native language.
The cumulative function of language, associated with
the storage and transmission of extra-linguistic
experience of a given linguistic community, which is
designated by the broad concept of "culture",
determines the content of extra-linguistic information
in a linguistic sign, designated in linguistics by the term
"cultural component of the meaning of a word".
[10.52]
Kabakchi noted as lexical units characterized by the
content of information about the cultural uniqueness
of a particular people are defined by linguists as "words
with a cultural component", "culturally oriented
vocabulary", "culturally marked vocabulary". [2.17].
Rheingold wrote that in turn, culturally oriented
vocabulary is subdivided into intra-cultural, reflecting
the specific aspects of the native culture as perceived
by its speakers, and external cultural, representing
lexical units reflecting the realities of external cultures
that do not have exact equivalents in the internal
culture. The volume of knowledge obtained as a result
of contacts between native speakers and foreign
cultures reflects the lexical layer that is formed in the
language in the process of lexical borrowing. [6.231].
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
84
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
82-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Lexical borrowing "... helps us to notice the gaps
between our own picture of the world and the picture
of the world of others". Martinet A., said that "any
interaction of languages never remains without
consequences for their system and causes at least
minor changes in their lexical, phonetic and
grammatical systems". [8.113]
Speaking about the mutual influence of different
languages and the cultures they represent, Edward
Edward Sapir identifies five languages that have had a
global influence on our civilization as conductors of
culture: classical Chinese, Sanskrit, Arabic, Greek and
Latin. In comparison with them, even such culturally
significant languages as Hebrew and French recede
into a secondary position. [7.56]
It should be noted that there is no consensus among
linguists on the interpretation of the term
"borrowing". This is explained both by the complexity
of the issue and by the different methodological
approaches to research. Traditionally, "borrowing" is
interpreted as the process of transition of elements of
one language to another; it is also an element of a
foreign language (word, morpheme, syntactic
construction, etc.), transferred from one language to
another as a result of language contacts.
All languages of the world borrow elements from each
other. Most often these are words, less often
morphemes and syntactic constructions. The term
"borrowing" is used both to describe the process of
transferring a lexical unit to a new language
environment and to designate the result of this
process.
In addition, the term "borrowed word" (or "borrowed
element") is used in linguistics to designate the result
of the borrowing process, which is also interpreted
ambiguously by linguists. According to the point of
view of O. S. Akhmanova, which is supported by G. B.
Antrushina, V. I. Aristova, I. V. Arnold, E. A. Gutman and
others, "a borrowed word is a word that appeared in a
given language as a result of borrowing."
Borrowing as a foreign word that “having penetrated
the language, began to function in some sphere of
human activity at a certain stage of the historical
development of the language” . This interpretation
seems overly generalized, since a “borrowed word” is
understood as any word of foreign origin, regardless of
the degree of its assimilation in the borrowing
language.
According to the point of view of L. P. Krysin, which
seems fair, only those foreign-language words that are
fully mastered by the receptor language system and
are not perceived by its speakers as foreign are
considered “borrowed words”
.
Obviously, the reason for the different interpretation
of the term “borrowed word” lies in the confusion of
two different approaches: diachronic and synchronic.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
85
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
82-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
With the diachronic approach, foreign words,
regardless of the degree of their assimilation, are
considered borrowed. In the synchronic approach,
they are considered from the point of view of
functioning and the degree of mastery in the
borrowing language at a given stage of the historical
development of the language.
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