Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
63
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
63-67
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the influence of the period on poetry in Uzbek literature, as a result of which, the renewal of
metaphorical thinking is researched. The essence of metaphor and metaphorical thinking is revealed. With the help of
his analysis, its difference from other poetic phenomena is shown.
KEYWORDS
Period, literature, metaphor, metaphorical thinking, process.
INTRODUCTION
The process of studying metaphor in world literature
dates back to ancient times. Metaphor, as a linguistic
and artistic-aesthetic phenomenon, is a means of
everyday communication, and it is also studied in the
system of exact sciences, and views about its
connection with talent and human thinking have been
of interest to researchers for centuries. By the end of
the 20th century, it can be observed that scientists
from different parts of the world, mainly philosophers,
studied the fields of emergence, formation, and
application of metaphor at different levels of meaning.
If we take into account the views and language
capabilities of each scientist in this process, it seems
that their scientific theoretical views are an important
basis for us as well. The role of metaphorical thinking
in literature, especially in poetry, is determined by its
poetic significance and artistic aesthetic phenomenon.
Research Article
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIOD AND METAPHORICAL THINKING
Submission Date:
June 09, 2024,
Accepted Date:
June 14, 2024,
Published Date:
June 19, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue06-14
Dadakhon Mukhammadiev
Basic doctoral student of the Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore of the Uzbekistan Academy
of Sciences, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
64
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
63-67
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Studying this aspect from a theoretical point of view is
an urgent issue of today's literature science.
In literary studies, artistic-linguistic, metaphorical
thinking and the lexical semantic composition,
structure, place in the structure of the poem, and the
artistic aesthetic significance of metaphor are among
theoretical problems that have not yet been fully
resolved. When each feature in the poetry of different
peoples, in the work of world poets, is studied in the
style of metaphorical thinking, the artist's style and its
peculiarities are more clearly visible. In this respect, the
study of metaphor in connection with the way of
thinking is important for its understanding and
interpretation.
In today's literary process, there is a need to look at
and understand the problems related to the analysis of
an artistic work, especially a poem, at the level of
metaphorical thinking. The available opportunities
open the way for new researches and high-quality
analyzes in this regard. Social life is closely related to
literature. For this reason, the way of thinking,
consciousness and mentality of the people of each era,
changes, evolutions, and the innovations that appear
on this basis appear in the literature. Especially
considering that poetry can fully fulfill this task, the
separate study of metaphors in it, and the research of
metaphorical thinking as a specific theoretical problem
emerges as an urgent issue in modern literary studies.
During the period of independence, Uzbek modern
literature, especially traditional poetry, underwent
changes in terms of form and content. The ways of
expressing emotions or the thought to be expressed in
an abstract way, in addition to traditional forms, as well
as the possibilities of expressing depending on folklore
and mythological thinking, have expanded even more.
Poetic updates that occurred in the literary process are
studied on the example of the works of individual
creators, and scientific research is being conducted on
this basis. The system of finger poetry, which has been
living in folk songs, lapars, and epics, appeared in a new
form at the beginning of the 20th century.
Strengthened by the work of poets such as Chulpon,
Fitrat, Usman Nasir, this weight was formed and
polished in terms of content, form, and tone until the
end of the century. In the 1970s and 1980s, Uzbek
poetry underwent drastic changes. The generation of
the 70s, inspired by the poetry of poets like Abdulla
Oripov, Erkin Vahidov, Amon Matjon, Rauf Parfi,
brought a new breath to poetry. Great poets of the
time such as Usmon Azim, Khurshid Davron, Shavkat
Rahmon, Muhammad Rahmon presented literature
and poetry in a new way and in a new spirit. Both in
social poems and in lyrical poems, the rise of metaphor
to a new level was felt. The next generation of poets,
namely Abduvali Qutbiddin, Eshqobil Shukur, Aziz Said,
Bahrom Ruzimuhammad, Halima Ahmedova, showed
metaphors of this kind in the form of renewal of poetic
thinking. Studying this aspect, that is, the problem of
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
65
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
63-67
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
metaphorical thinking in poetry, is important in
determining the specific nature of poetry of a certain
period.
Sometimes the artifices used in poetry or prose are
collectively called metaphors. In her research,
Gulbahor Qabuljonova, relying on the opinion of
Aristotle, E. Cassirer, F. Wheelwright and other
scientists, says that "in the definitions given to
metaphor in general, there are many cases where it is
combined with related phenomena." 1:17-18 . The
scientist says that the scope of this concept is
extremely broad. This expansion can have two results.
The first is positive. Conducting research in a wide
range also gives great opportunities in understanding
its nature. The second is negative. Extending the scope
of the metaphor so much makes it difficult to describe
and confuses it with other phenomena. 1:40 That's
when it is necessary to distinguish metaphor from
other related phenomena, to define their boundaries,
even partially. In particular, in philosophy, linguistics,
this type of migration has been extensively researched,
and in these studies, it is emphasized that the essence
of metaphor is naming. In particular, in textbooks and
scientific literature, the essence of metaphor is the
calling of one type of thing by another name. Poetic
metaphor is not limited to naming. In fiction, metaphor
also expresses. G.Qabuljonova shows these limits to
some extent from the lexicological point of view. Even
though his research is from the lexicological side, he
also gives many examples from fiction in addition to
colloquial sentences. However, most of the examples
from fiction (mainly, poems) clearly state the
metaphorical and metaphorical words and do not
present
the
essence
of
this
process
of
metaphorization. If, from the lexical point of view, the
metaphorical nature of the poem is unclear, this should
also be given in the analysis. It is also necessary to take
into account that the analyst's point of view takes
precedence. Because the reader's conclusion about
the work may be different. In metaphor, the relation
between the analysis of the dictionary meaning of the
word and the artistic analysis is actually the same.
According to literary critic Obid Karimov, metaphor is
created as a result of figurative thinking in poetry. He
says: "Even though metaphor is a linguistic
phenomenon, it fully manifests its feature only in
poetic speech. 2:188 Note that it is emphasized that
metaphor fully manifests its essence only in poetic
speech. The difference between metaphor in lexical
and poetic speech is understood mainly in artistic
analysis, and in most cases through the senses of the
reader.
The concept of metaphor is not limited to poetry or
literature. In philosophy and linguistics it has been
thoroughly studied. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's
work "Metaphors we live by" is one of the unique
works in this direction. 4 George Lakoff is recognized
by modern scholars as the most profound scholar of
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
66
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
63-67
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
metaphor after Aristotle. The uniqueness of Lakoff's
theory is that it considers metaphor in cognitive
semantics. He looks at the metaphor, first of all, not as
a figurative tool, but as a natural process, an everyday
phenomenon. It also studies metaphor as a universal
phenomenon, not just a linguistic one. True, the
theories about metaphor in the book are unique. It is
this book that is used as a basis for most of the
research on metaphor in world science. However,
applying these theories to poetic analysis would
require an analysis of the theory itself. Everyday
speech, poetry, as well as ordinary language, have their
own characteristics of metaphors, which, of course,
require a special approach.
In philosophy, in science in general, thinking is
associated with the cognitive ability of the mind. But
spiritual knowing, knowing with the heart, is usually
neglected. "Thinking continues, improves the function
of sensory organs and apparatuses, gives them a new
quality, a new meaning and content. For example, the
speed of sunlight, the movement of spaceships,
scientific hypotheses, discoveries, discussions about
planets, wonders of the earth are all products of
human thinking
”.
3:8 So, does the process of self-
knowledge of a person take place with the mind or
with the soul, which one has a greater share? Does the
mind or spirit prevail in the reception of poetry? If we
look at it from the point of view of philosophy, if
thinking is considered a phenomenon of the mind, how
can we accept the mechanism of metaphorical
thinking? If we distinguish, compare or contrast
"Logical thinking" and "poetic thinking" in this process,
the mechanism of metaphor and metaphorical thinking
in this process will become clear.
The thought comes from mind. It is thought that
emotional, spiritual and mental organs in a person are
continuously renewed. The wound of creative thinking
is somewhat more interesting. "Creative thinking is
associated with creative imagination. Therefore, a
person finds answers to many questions in his practical
activities with the help of his imagination. In particular,
various
assumptions,
hypotheses,
scientific
hypotheses, discoveries, inventions in the field of
technology are realized in this way, that is, with the
help of imagination, the necessary results are
achieved". 3:71 This process itself also covers several
small processes. Seeing, maturing or reading, feeling,
synthesizing knowledge about it, and then
summarizing conclusions. This can be followed by
conclusions that are abandoned in the generalization.
Sometimes this process takes place in one or several
seconds. It follows from this that although metaphor is
also a process? Multi-stage process or multi-stage
intelligence
phenomenon.
Is
it
a
metaphor
phenomenon?
But we can't take metaphor only as a form of thinking
or a product. If so, everyone would be able to write
poetry. In particular, an erroneous conclusion also
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
67
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
63-67
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
arises that a learned, thinking, thinking whole person
can write poetry. It is obvious that this conclusion is
wrong. Expression as a poet does not happen only with
understanding. Then another legitimate question
arises: when is metaphor a phenomenon of feeling? It
is this question that makes it necessary to study the
nature of metaphorical thinking. A poet needs
experience, skills and knowledge to feel and perceive
that momentary feeling, find a name for that feeling
and express it through words in a metaphorical
state.The process of metaphorical thinking is seen in
this case.
REFERENCES
1.
Kobuljonova G. (2000) Metaforaning sistemaviy
lingvistik
talqini.
Systematic
linguistic
interpretation of metaphor Dissertation for the
Candidate of Philological Sciences. Tashkent.
2.
Karimov O. (2014) Metafora
–
poetic tafakkur asosi.
Metaphor is the basis of poetic thinking
Tashkent: Jahon adabiyoti. № 8/207.
3.
Goziyev
E.
(1990)
Tafakkur
psixologiyasi
Psychology of thinking
Tashkent: O‘qituvchi.
