Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
150
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
150-155
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The emerging Uzbek literature, shaped by Eastern Muslim culture and committed to classical traditions, embraced the
poetics of the modern novel, laying the foundation for the national novel. Notable works such as "By Gone Days" and
"Scorpion from the Altar" by Abdulla Qadiri, "Night and Day" by Cholpon, and "Sacred Blood" by Oybek reflect a fusion
of traditionalism and modernity, delving into a complex period in Uzbek history and holding significant artistic and
aesthetic value. These novels emphasize the portrayal of women, each serving a distinct artistic purpose within the
social context while also considering the specific cultural requirements in depicting women in Muslim society.
KEYWORDS
National novel, oriental tradition, modern work, female image, interpretation, socialization.
INTRODUCTION
The exploration of the portrayal of the female image in
global literature has been a subject of scholarly interest
since the latter half of the 20th century. A significant
aspect of this study involves the interplay with myths,
legends, and cultural values in the depiction of female
characters in the works of notable authors such as Jack
London, Charles Dickens, Margaret Drabble, Leo
Tolstoy, and Fyodor Dostoevsky.et.c. The female
figure, as depicted in literary works, has ascended to
the role of a prominent character and has acquired a
Research Article
THE FEMALE CHARACTER IN JADID'S NOVEL EMBODIES HUMAN
TRAGEDY INFLUENCED BY SOCIETAL NORMS
Submission Date:
November 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 25,2024,
Published Date:
November 30, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue11-27
Tulaganova Sanobar
DSc., Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan
Orcid No: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-2867
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
151
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
150-155
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
poetic significance. Exploring a woman's societal role,
philosophical introspection, and examining existential
themes have become central concerns. In the Western
literary tradition, the emergence of "Women's
literature" as a distinct genre prompted the need for
new
frameworks
and
comparative-typological
methods for studying the portrayal of women. Against
the backdrop of global societal, economic, spiritual,
and moral transformations, examining the female
experience in national literary works from a historical
standpoint and assessing the artistic weight of these
depictions continue to be pressing matters in literary
scholarship.
In the Holy Qur'an, Eve was created to be his partner in
peace following Adam's creation. "They (that is,
women) are a garment for you, and you are a garment
for them". The timeless interconnection between the
male and female sexes and their mutual dependence
has been a recurring theme throughout history. Even
in the most renowned works of world literature, the
representation of women forms a distinct area of
study. American scholars introduced the concept of
"Women's literature" to literary analysis, exemplified
by N. Baym's 1978 book, "Women's Literature". In
Japanese literary circles, researchers analyzed the
unique characteristics of "Japanese Women's
Literature" through the works of various writers. In
Russian literature, iconic figures like A. Pushkin, M.
Lermontov, and F. Dostoevsky crafted compelling
depictions of Russian women. For instance, A.P.
Chekhov's works offer poignant portrayals of women
from different social strata, which have been the
subject of in-depth analysis. In Uzbek literary studies,
scholars have delved into the portrayal and
interpretation of female characters in world literature,
focusing on the writers’ distinct styles and the issues of
literary types and influence. Detailed research by H.
Muhamedova and N. Muhammedova explored
methodological aspects of interpreting female
characters in English writers such as Charles Dickens
and Margaret Drbell [ Muhamedova Kh. Typology of
the female character in the works of Charles Dickens.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Dissertation. Tashkent.
2019. P.22., Muhammedova N. The image of a woman
in the works of Margaret Drbell is her socio-aesthetic
interpretation. Doctor of Philosophy in Philology
(PhD). dissertation. Tashkent. 2019. P.165.].
Various factors influenced the portrayal of women in
Uzbek novels from the Soviet era. The tumultuous
period in Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th
century, including the decline of the Kokan Khanate
and the Russian invasion, along with the upheaval of
national and religious values, contributed to a shift in
literature. For instance, in the novel "By Gone Days,"
believed to have been written between 1917 and 1919,
the Soviet influence had not yet thoroughly permeated
Turkestan, a sentiment evident in the characters'
perspectives. The depiction of women in these novels
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
150-155
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
drew from folklore, legends, fairy tales, and religious
texts
—
characters such as Kumush, Rano, Zebi, and
Gulnor in the works of A. Qadiri, Cholpon, and Oybek
played central roles in detailing the nation's tragic
history, the suffering of women during the Khanate
period, the plight of captive concubines in the harem,
and the conflicts arising from daily life. These novels
artfully reflected the complexities of the era and the
origins of the spiritual crisis through the portrayal of
women.
METHODS
The article used comparative-historical, hermeneutic,
psychological, and psychobiographical methods since
the national novels created in the 20th century were
studied in a comparative aspect. The article consists of
the following as the results of the studied topic:
The scientific theoretical importance of the topic is
determined by issues such as the skill of creating a
female image in novels of the modern era, the problem
of the era and personality, the interpretation of
universal and national values in the form of images, the
artistic aesthetic significance of the image of a woman
in the structure of images, and the study of the
phenomenon of socialization in image art. The text
discusses the portrayal of women in Uzbek literature,
emphasizing the historical and cultural basis for
depicting female characters. It highlights the
ideological requirement to portray women as victims
of societal and political pressures during the Soviet and
Jadid periods. Additionally, it mentions the increased
focus on character psychology in the novels of the
Shura period and the influence of Eastern poetic
traditions and national values in depicting female
characters during the Jadid era. The text also
acknowledges the impact of national Islamic values
and folk art traditions on Uzbek national novels, with
A. Qadiriy and Cholpon's works contributed
significantly to the formation of national novel poetics.
RESULTS
The early Uzbek novels depict a diverse range of
women from various social backgrounds. The
representation of women in art has evolved over
history, with significant social changes in the 20th
century. In addition to their traditional roles, women
gained recognition as essential societal contributors.
The depiction of Uzbek women has distinct elements
compared to women from other nationalities. During
the establishment of the Soviet government, the
depiction of women had to adhere entirely to the
requirements of the "socialist Soviet" system, leading
to the creation of false ideals. A. Qadiri's novels
skillfully depict Uzbek women against the background
of national values, ensuring their artistic function and
place in the plot composition. The novels "By Gone
Days" and "Scorpion from the Altar" illuminate the
nationally specific interpretation of Uzbek women,
with several women playing crucial roles in the works.
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VOLUME
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The author aims to adhere to objectivity and artistic
logic criteria in portraying female characters. At the
time the novels were written, opportunities for women
in Turkestan were limited, making it challenging for
men to interact with them. Kumush and Zaynab are
considered rich characters that provide excellent
opportunities for analysis[4]. Overall, the artistic image
created in the novels reflects new reality and life
observations processed through a creative worldview
and aesthetic ideal.
In A. Qadiri's next novel, "Scorpion from Altar,"
changes in the author's position in depicting reality are
noticeable. Rano was portrayed as educated, tasteful,
and responsive. Unlike Kumush, Rano is bold and can
think about the right to own her most crucial destiny.
She is depicted as a hero capable of practical action in
the necessary places. In the years when the novel was
written, the processes of "Soviet propaganda" were
going on in the life of the society. The work written in
the period when women's historical national
movements, such as "casting off the veil," are
necessarily being promoted at the national level
cannot be affected by the breath of the times.
After the unique novels of A, Qadiri, Cholpon, who
started a significant genre, approaches the novel
responsibly and works according to high artistic
standards. He proved it in the example of the work
"Night and Day"; even the genre of the national novel
expanded the boundaries of poetic possibilities. As an
artistic-aesthetic event, the work has become a fine
example of art while showing its height when Uzbek
prose was not fully formed. In the author's novel, the
inside of the Uzbek is highlighted as a microcosm
located in the artistic space. The work describes a
whole historical process consisting of a system of
events.
The Uzbek house consisted of outer and inner
courtyards and the women of the family lived inside, in
the sheltered part from the prying eyes of strangers.
The inside was considered a sacred value. Cholpon,
unlike his predecessors, decided to update his
methods. In his novel, he aimed to use the intrigues
and the inside of the Uzbek to develop the conflict. The
method chosen by Cholpon did not affect the artistic
aesthetic value of the novel. Women are socialized in
Cholpon's novel. In the tragedy of women like Zebi,
illiteracy, impotence, and religious ignorance, which
serve the spiritual crisis of the nation, are closely
related to the problems raised by the Jadids. In the
interpretation of the novel's characters, the reflection
of the features of the social environment is consistent
with the author's purpose.
The novel is a derivative of the author's attitude to the
world and society. However, Cholpon looks at this
problem with a creative-modern eye; he thinks the
criteria are equal. A. Qadiri, in the novel "By Gone
Days," showed the problem of daily life as the real
cause of the tragedy and the reality solution.[6]
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Khadichakhan, Poshshakhan, and Sultankhan, who
could not feel the happiness of ordinary femininity in
the family, could not find their place in society and
turned into vengeful people. Khadija Khan's sincere
confession clarifies many things. "I am jealous of
Enakhan's daughter-in-law... There is no state work.
They barely make ends meet. He has two lambs. Her
husband is always by her side...". The turning of this
dream into a dream may have caused him to take a step
towards treason. They are united by revenge; the
desire of the thousand-year-old to "get something
from the state" turned them into allies. They demand
contributions from others for their unhappiness. At the
cost of ransom, Zebi becomes a victim.
The work looks at the roots of tragedy in each woman's
fate, and their past is described as interconnected like
a ring. The image of Maria in the novel is that of a
character rich in interpretations. Stopping and thinking
about it allows you to understand the writer's purpose.
Roberta Micallef, an American scholar of Uzbek
studies, makes such a comment after studying the
novel.
The portrayal of women in Uzbek novels is deeply
rooted in historical and cultural contexts. Authors like
A. Qadiri, Cholpon, and Oybek have depicted women in
their works with consideration for national, religious,
and universal human values. A. Qadiri, for instance,
integrates Eastern poetic traditions and contemporary
novel requirements into his description of women,
while Cholpon assigns a social significance to the
female characters in his interpretation. The societal
and political pressures of the time are evident in
Cholpon's characters, reflecting a deeper exploration
of social tragedy. The tragic representation of female
characters in Uzbek novels contributes to the overall
artistic and aesthetic weight of the works, serving to
enhance their impact. The societal decay, moral
conflicts, and women's devaluation depicted in these
novels serve as powerful symbols of the nation's
spiritual decline. Additionally, minor internal conflicts
within the stories propel the central conflicts forward,
intensifying the overall narrative. This insightful
approach to storytelling and character development
further enriches Uzbek novels' artistic and aesthetic
value, creating a lasting impact on readers.
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VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
150-155
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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