American Journal Of Philological Sciences
133
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
133-136
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue04-33
Expression of Figurative Meanings in Korean Language
Baxranova Dilnoza Usmonkulovna
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Korean filology, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan
Received:
18 February 2025;
Accepted:
17 March 2025;
Published:
17 April 2025
Abstract:
Polysemy is a phenomenon of language that needs to be studied both theoretically and practically. Its
theoretical significance is reflected in the comparative study of the ways of semantic transfer in the work on the
basis of bilingual materials. The practical aspect of the phenomenon of ambiguity can be seen in the structure of
translation and explanatory dictionaries. Polysemy is examined in terms of the semantic structure of the word.
The study of ambiguity in a particular language also focuses on the historical development, thinking, and cultural
life of that people. The results can also be used effectively in the learning process.
Keywords:
Word, meaning, metaphor, monosemantic, polysemantic, metonymy, metaphor, synecdoche.
Introduction:
The study of language units as a system,
the definition of the relationship of its internal parts is
one of the most important tasks of modern theoretical
and practical linguistics. The change of meaning, the
enrichment of the word in terms of the amount of
content is one of the factors that determine the level of
development of the language, the process of
development. Because this phenomenon first of all
satisfies one of the most important requirements of the
language - the requirement of conciseness. In the
process of language development, just as there are
certain causes and patterns of occurrence and
development of an event in a particular field of
language, so does the increase in the number of
meanings in the semantic structure of a word. [1, 25]
METHOD
In Korean, the phenomenon of meaning transfer is
called
다의어
.
다의어
is a word used in several
meanings. In Korean,
중심
의미
and
주변
의미
have
their own meanings and metaphors. For example, the
original meaning of the word
머리
is the part of the
human div:
민주는
머리를
흔들었다
–
Minju boshini
qimirlatdi. (Minju shook his head). In a figurative
meaning,
수미는
머리를
갂았다
(
머리털
), means
related to abilities such as
윤지는
머리가
좋다
(
지능
)
(Sumi cut her hair, Yunji is talented (her head works
well)) . In the first case, the word bosh (head) means
the root, the lexical meaning, and in the second case,
the word comes with the words: soch (hair), qobiliyat
(ability) words, the meaning expands, becomes a
different meaning, and so on. In Korean, polysemy
differs from homonymy in many related aspects of such
interrelated meanings. For example,
The word
배
(belly, vessel, fruit of a pear tree) has three
meanings, but they are not related to each other and
do not indicate a shift in meaning. They are only
homonyms. In Korean literature, polysemy, like Uzbek,
is not divided into metaphor, synecdoche, and
metonymy. They described the phenomenon of
transferring meaning through only a few examples. In
short, they are given in general. We should not replace
the phenomenon of semantic transferring in Korean
with homonyms. If we look at the examples, we can see
that the meanings of a word are related to several of
each other, but two or more meanings of a word that
do not look exactly like each other. Similarly, there is a
polysemy associated with those meanings. [2, 30]
In Korean, words that belong to the same category of
verbs are more common than other word groups, and
many of them can be used as examples of metonymy.
Let's see:
기르다
-The translation is parvarishlamoq (to grow, to
look after)
To take care of plants and animals.
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
E.g.
새를
기르다
-. Qushni parvarishlamoq (to care a
bird).
개를
기르다
- it boqmoq. (to have a dog)
It can be seen from these examples that the main
meaning of the word
기르다
comes from the meaning
of caring for an animal or plant, while in the remaining
examples express the lexical meaning of the word. As
an example:
Bolani yaxshi tarbiyalamoq (to bring up a child).
Ex:
아이를
기르기
위해
그녀는
직장을
그만두어야
했다
.- U ayol farzandini tarbiyalash uchun fermadagi
ishini tashlashi kerak edi. (She had to quit her job on the
farm to raise her child) [3, 40]
In our present example, the word is transferred to man,
not animal or plant. We can learn from the following
examples:
Odamlarga saboq bermoq(to teach people)
e.g
인재를기르다
- Vakil tayyorlamoq (Prepare a
representative)
제자를
기르다
. Shogird tarbiyalamoq (to bring up a
student).
To strengthen the div or spirit further.
e.g
인내심을
기르다
. Chidamlilikni oshirmoq (to
increase endurance)
그는
체력을
기르기
위해
매일
운동을
한다
- U
jismoniy kuchini oshirish uchun har kuni sport bilan
shug‘ullanadi. (He plays sports every day to i
ncrease his
physical strength)
Soch, soqol kabilarni qirqmasdan uzun qilib o‘stirmoq.
(To grow hair, beard, etc. long without cutting)
e.g.
수염을
기르다
. Soqol-
mo‘ylovni o‘stirmoq
(Growing a beard.)
머리를기르다
Soch o‘stirmoq (to have long hair)
We have looked at several related meanings of the
word
기르다
through examples such as growing hair.
The word
가리다
, the first meaning is yashirmoq in
Uzbek ( to hide something), for example:
손으로
눈을
가리다
- Qo'li bilan ko'zini berkitmoq (to
close eyes with hand).
커튼으로
창문을
가리다
. Parda bilan derazani
yopmoq (to close the window with a curtain)
Now, we look through figurative meanings: choosing
one of many things, for example: [4, 45]
우승
팀을
가리다
-
G‘olib jamoani tanlamoq.(to choos
e
the winning team)
Ko‘ngilga yoqqanini tanlab, qolganini ajratmoq. (To
choose the one you like and separate the rest.)
Ex:
음식을
가려
먹다
- Ovqatni tanlab yemoq (to be
very selective in eating)
일을
가리지
않고
하다
.- Ishni ajratmasdan qilmoq (to
do any kind of work)
Notanish odamni begona qilmoq (to alienate a
stranger)
놓이다
-this word derives from an irregular verb
놓다
–
qo‘ymoq (to put), we should translate it qo‘yilmoq (to
be put).
To illustrate,
Qo‘yilgan bo‘lm
oq (to have been put)
연필이
책상
위에
놓여
있다
. Qalam stol ustiga qo‘yilgan. (The
pencil has been put on the table).
Yengillik bo‘lmoq.(to lose depression) E.g.
마음이
놓이다
. Ko‘nglim tinchlandi. (I am relieved)
Nimadir qurilmoq, qo‘yilmoq (to be built) E.g.
다리가
새로
놓였다
. Ko‘prik yangidan qurildi. (The bridge has
been rebuilt) [4, 65]
운명의
갈림길에
놓였다
. Qismat ayriliqqa duchor
qildi (The fate separated us).
어려운
상황에
놓였다
. Qiyinchilikka duch kelmoq.(To
have some problems)
담그다
–
this word literally means suyuqlik ichiga
solmoq, botirmoq, tiqmoq(to put
something in a liquid) in Uzbek illustrating
빨래를
담그다
- Kirni suvga
botirmoq (put the dirty dress in water).
목욕탕에서
몸을
담그다
- Vannada tanani
suvga botirmoq (to immerse the div in the bath).
발을
담그다
-
Oyog‘ini suvga tiqmoq (put feet in
the
water). In other figurative meanings, it is translated like
dimlamoq, yopmoq, tuzlamoq (to braise, to marinade);
they are
김치
,
젓갈
,
술
등을
만들
때
)
익거나
삭게
하려고
재료를버무려
그릇에
담다
- pishirish yoki chiritish uchun mahsulotlarni
idishga solmoq(to put products in a bowl for cooking or
roasting). E.g.
김치를
담그다
. -Kimchini tuzlamoq (to
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
135
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
salt the kimchi).
된장을
담그다
-Soya qaylasini
dimlamoq (to steam soya).
젓갈을
담그다
-Baliqni
dimlamoq (to braise the fish).
포도주를
담그다
-Vino
tayyorlamoq (to prepare wine). We have pointed out
those examples above.
들다
-this word has a great deal of meanings.
Therefore, we should divide it three large groups: one
is lexical and the two ones are figurative. The lexical
meaning is yaxshi kesmoq (to cut well). As an example,
칼이
아주
잘
듭니다
- Pichoq juda yaxshi kesadi (the
knife cuts very well). As figurative examples, the use of
money, time, skills,equipment.
개인
사업에는
돈이
많이
든다
-
Shaxsiy biznesga ko‘p pul sarflanadi
(Private business costs a lot of money). [4, 75]
요리하는
데
시간이
좀
든다
. Ovqat qilishga ko‘p vaqt
ketadi (It takes more time to cook).
In the meaning of absorbing and being wet paint, dye,
moisture and salt. For instance,
단풍이
들다
Barglar ranglarga burkandi (the leaves were covered in
colors).
음식에
간이
제대로
들다
- Ovqatga ziravorlar
o‘zgacha tam berdi (the spice gave the dish a special
favor).
속옷에
파란
물이
들었다
-
Ichki kiyimim ko‘k
rangga bo‘yaldi. (My underwear is blue).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Moreover, writing the phrase after the words eyes,
heart, mine we mean qandaydir narsa yoki kishini
yaxshi tanlamoq (to choose something or someone
well). E.g,
마음에
드는
여자
-
Ko‘nglimga yoqadigan qiz
(the girl I liked).
눈에
드는
사람이
없다
- K
o‘zga yaqin
odamim yo‘q. (I have no acquaintance).
About weather conditions.
남부
지방에
가뭄이
들다
-
Janubiy tumanlarda qurg‘oqchilik boshlandi. Drought
will begin in the southern regions).
풍년이
들다
-
Yig‘im
mavsumi boshlandi (the harvesting season has begun).
[3, 50]
Meanwhile, there are other figurative meanings. E.g.
나는
기차에서
잠깐
잠이
들었다
- Men poezdda biroz
uxlab oldim (I slept on the train).
저도
이젠
나이가
제법
들었습니다
- Men ham endi ulug' yoshdaman (I
am an adult).
감기가
들다
- Gripp yuqmoq(to have flu).
To be in a situation accidently.
잠이
들다
- Uyqu kelib
qolmoq (to feel asleep).
철이
들다
-Farosati oshmoq (to
be intelligent) and
정이
들다
-Aqli kirmoq (to be clever
more) [4, 65]
The examples we looked through mean that the
phrases of spending money and time are related to
each other. Likewise, being near eyes and heart is also
connected.
CONCLUSION
In general, the transfer of meaning is a complex and
multifaceted phenomenon. These types of meaning
shifts play an important role in making our speech more
expressive and engaging. In short, the Uzbek and
Korean languages have a number of similarities and
differences. For example, in Uzbek, these types of
semantics as metaphor, metonymy, function and
synecdoche are studied separately, while in Korean
they examine under the name
–
polysemy.
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