American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
131
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
131-134
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue05-31
The Likelihood of Developing Periodontal Disease in
Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases
INDIAMINOVA Gavkhar Nuriddinovna
Doctor of Philosophy medical sciences (PhD), Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan
Received:
28 March 2025;
Accepted:
24 April 2025;
Published:
26 May 2025
Abstract:
Currently, the forecast of the development of pathology is an important part of all branches of
healthcare. [3,4,5]. However, despite the importance and scientific and practical significance of forecasting in
dentistry, at present we have not found information about predictive models of individual risk of developing
periodontitis in patients with hypertension.
Keywords:
Forecasting in dentistry, scientific, practical significance.
Introduction:
In
these
conditions,
individual
assessment and prediction of the risk of developing
periodontitis in patients with cardiovascular failure is
relevant. Such studies will serve as the basis for
identifying patients at high risk of developing
periodontal diseases, grouping them for the purpose of
dental monitoring and implementing measures to
neutralize the negative consequences of periodontal
diseases on the course of cardiovascular failure. The
need to solve this problem served as the basis for
conducting this study.
The goal is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of
a model for individual prediction of the risk of
developing
periodontitis
in
patients
with
cardiovascular failure.
METHODS
The study was conducted at SamSMU clinics. A
retrospective-prospective case-control study was
conducted. We examined 162 patients with
hypertension aged from 36 to 65 years (average age
45.32±0.22 years), admitted for inpatient treatment in
the department of maxillofacial surgery. The diagnosis
of cardiovascular failure and periodontitis was made
according to WHO criteria and recommendations, in in
accordance with the International Classification of
Diseases, 10th revision. Inclusion criteria were patients
who
had
previously
been
diagnosed
with
cardiovascular failure, receiving antihypertensive
therapy over the past 6 months with a recorded blood
pressure level > 140 90 mm Hg. Art. at the time of the
examination. After diagnosis of hypertension, all
patients underwent office blood pressure screening as
well as a complete dental examination. To identify the
degree of hypertension, patients underwent control
A/D measurements after the first visit within 3
–
14 days
after the visit. Oral fluid and blood samples were
collected. After a complete dental examination, a
dental patient’s medical record (form 043/y) was filled
out for each patient, and data was copied from the
inpatient medical record (form 003/y). Taking into
account the purpose of the study, patients with
hypertension were divided into two groups: the main
one - with the presence of periodontitis (patients) and
the control group (patients) - and without
periodontitis. In accordance with the principles of
evidence-based medicine, when compiling the main
and control groups, individuals identical in gender and
age composition were selected. All patients signed
informed consent to participate in the study. The study
protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethics
committee. When determining risk factors, we took
into account the multifactorial nature of hypertension
and periodontitis and their dependence on a complex
of medical and social risk factors and metabolic
disorders of the div’s most important homeos
tatic
systems. In this regard, medical risk factors and the
nature and changes in the lipid profile were studied,
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132
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
with the determination during the research of
indicators that have the most significant impact on the
course of both pathologies studied. The severity of
periodontal damage was assessed using the indices of
inflammation and periodontal destruction and oral
hygiene (PMA, PI, Muhlemann, OHI-S). The assessment
of the prognostic significance of risk factors for the
development of periodontal diseases in patients with
hypertension was carried out using the Kullback
information measure with determination of the Ji (K)
value. Considering that the dependent variable, the
presence or absence of periodontal disease, can be
characterized by only two values from 0 to 1
(periodontitis present/no periodontitis present), the
probability of developing periodontitis in patients with
arterial hypertension was assessed based on a
prognostic model constructed using the binary logical
regression method. For statistical processing and
analysis of the obtained data, MS Excel 2007, MS
Access 2007, Statistica 8.0 and Statgraphics Centurion
XVI (Version 16.2.04) programs were used.
RESULTS
Significant but statistically unrelated risk factors were
selected as dependent variables. The selection of risk
factors was carried out by the “discrete correlation
pleiades” method, which takes into account the main
feature (pleiad) with the maximum significance of the
impact on the risk of periodontitis compared to other
indicators of the same type.
That is why the model did not include many parameters
that have a significant impact on the severity of the
pathology, but arose as a result of the existence of the
disease, and do not initiate its development 8.
As a result of the calculations, the following indicators
were selected to build a risk model for the
development of periodontitis in patients with arterial
hypertension: X1 - age; X2 - hereditary history of
hypertension; X3
–
presence of a bad smoking habit; X4
–
stage of hypertension; X5
–
presence and number of
chronic diseases; X6
–
total cholesterol content; X7
–
triglyceride level and X8
–
atherogenic index (AI).
P - probability of developing generalized periodontia;
e - base of natural logarithms 2.71 and
Y is the result of calculating the regression equation.
The following model was obtained for assessing the
probability of developing periodontitis in patients with
arterial hypertension (Y):
Y = - 1.2069+ 0.1074X
1
+ 0.02415X
2
+ 0.2782X
3
+
0.1037X
4
+ 0.2156X
5
+ 0.1703X
6
+ 0.0569X
7
+
0.02737X
8
.
Scale for assessing the likelihood of developing
periodontitis: 0-0.39 - low, 0.40-0.69 - medium, 0.70-
1.00 - high. The unification of studies and the
uniformity of scaling of indicators included in the model
made it possible to carry out a comparative assessment
of their contribution to the risk of developing
periodontal diseases in patients with arterial
hypertension. According to the obtained coefficients,
all of these factors contribute to an increase in the risk
of generalized periodontitis in patients with
hypertension. The statistical significance of the
equation was tested using the coefficient of
determination and Fisher's test. It was found that in the
situation under study, 96.98% of the total variability in
Y is explained by changes in factors Xj. The resulting
model is a tool for assessing the prognosis of the
probability of developing periodontitis in patients with
hypertension,
taking
into
account
medical
characteristics and blood lipid profile indicators.
Examples of forecasting. Patient A. Age - 46 years (X1 =
2); the father suffers from hypertension (X2 = 3);
smokes at least 20 cigarettes a day (X3 = 3); diagnosis
of hypertension
–
stage 2 (X4 = 3); has chronic
pyelonephritis (X5 = 3); Cholestenin level increased 2
times (X6 =2); the level of triglycerides is increased
three times (X7 = 3) and the atherogenic index is
increased by 2 times (X8 = 2);
As a result of the calculations we get: Y = - 1.2069+
0.1074
х
2 + 0.02415
х
3 + 0.2782
х
3 + 0.1037
х
3 +
0.2156
х
3 + 0.1703
х
2 + 0.0569
х
3 + 0.02737
х
2 =
1,4369
Putting the value Y = 1.4369 into the formula
we get 1/ 1 + 2.71 to the power -1.4369 = 1 / 1 +0.369
= 0.73, which means that the probability of developing
generalized periodontitis in a given patient with
hypertension is 73.00%. This patient with hypertension
has a high risk of developing generalized periodontitis.
After examining the condition of the periodontium, the
patient was found to have moderate to severe
periodontitis. A clinical evaluation of the constructed
model for predicting the development of periodontitis
was carried out on 162 patients with hypertension; 122
of whom (75.31% of patients with hypertension) were
diagnosed with periodontitis. After a comprehensive
examination, a high probability of periodontitis was
predicted in 118 (72.84%) patients with hypertension.
The sensitivity of the model for the probability of
developing periodontitis in patients with hypertension
was 96.72%. Of the 40 patients who did not have
periodontal diseases at the time of examination, 2
(5.00%) were classified as low and medium risk of
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133
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
periodontitis. Thus, the specificity of the periodontitis
development model was 29.50%. The overall diagnostic
accuracy of the method was 95.57%. The research
results allow us to conclude that the developed model
is highly predictive and that it is necessary to use it in
the practice of general practitioners and periodontists
to predict the development of periodontitis in patients
with arterial hypertension and the formation of groups
for dispensary observation. The planned software tool
is designed to provide an individual approach to the
treatment of periodontal diseases in patients with
hypertension, which will allow to personalize the
therapy of periodontal diseases, carry out targeted
interdisciplinary interaction and significantly reduce
the negative impact of inflammatory-destructive
periodontal
lesions
on
the
mechanisms
of
development of hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the developed prognostic model, the features
of the individual medical characteristics of patients
with
combined
pathology
hypertension
and
generalized periodontitis were established. The leading
risk factors have been identified, including age,
hereditary history of hypertension, bad smoking habit,
stage of hypertension, the presence and number of
chronic diseases, total blood cholesterol levels,
triglyceride levels and atherogenicity index. Prediction
of the possibility of developing periodontal diseases in
patients with hypertension is possible on the basis of a
developed equation that takes into account a minimum
set of the most significant medical and laboratory
indicators. The computer program “Predictive
modeling of the probability of developing periodontal
diseases in patients with hypertension” after cli
nical
testing can be recommended for use in practical
healthcare.
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https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr
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