Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
73
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
73-80
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Football should not be considered only a branch of sports. Football is a sociological phenomenon. Fans being together
doesn't always make for a peaceful atmosphere. Those who fail to control their aggressive tendencies create incidents
that overshadow football. The purpose of this article is to determine the emergence of aversive social learning in
football fans. Football fans are evaluated within the framework of the social learning theory, which is the basis of the
aggressive theory. The article reveals the importance of learning by anticipating the behavior of aggressive others and
by imitating fan groups and group leaders as well as media personalities.
KEYWORDS
Football, Fans, Aggression, Fan behavior, Social learning theory.
INTRODUCTION
It is impossible to determine the exact date for the
appearance of football. However, the tendency of
people to play with round objects in their mental and
physical structure, to see themselves, gives rise to the
idea that the history of football can be equal to that of
humanity. From the past to the present, football has
attracted widespread attention around the world and
has become the universal language of societies.
Football is a field where people can relax and create
their own identity. While football conveys a message of
peace and brotherhood, it is a sport of struggle and
competition. Players on the field and fans in the stands
Research Article
A STUDY OF THE AGGRESSIVE STATUS OF FOOTBALL FANS
Submission Date:
November 10, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 15, 2023,
Published Date:
November 20, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue11-10
Akhrorjon Nuriddinov
Asian International University Teacher Of The Department Of Physical Culture, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
74
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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73-80
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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015
)
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164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
can behave aggressively, which is against the spirit of
peace and brotherhood of football. Aggression is
generally defined as behavior by a person or group
with the intention of harming another.
According to social learning theory, impression is a
learned behavior. Learning modeling can be done
through observation and imitation. When a person
sees that the behavior of the person he is observing is
approved and accepted, he imitates that behavior or
acts in a similar way. Aggressive behavior and violent
behavior can be learned through modeling. Football
fans can look to the behavior figures in their family, the
leaders of their fan groups, as role models and learn
impression from them. First of all, the conceptual
framework that includes fans, the factors that play a
role in fans' impression and fans' impression are
presented. Next, a theoretical framework for
explaining impression is created, touching on instinct
theory, frustration aggression theory, and social
learning theories. Then, within the framework of social
learning theory, an evaluation of fans' impression is
carried out.
Science phenomenon
The concepts of audience and fan can be used
interchangeably. In this context, these two concepts
should be distinguished from each other. A spectator
is someone who watches the game in a stadium or
through media such as television. A fan is a person who
actively participates in social networks, as opposed to
being a passive spectator. It is important for fans to
participate in collective grandstand groups or based on
social relationships. The concept of a fan includes not
only watching the game in those stands on match days,
but also a community that has a shared memory,
language and attitude and implies a public space
created with other fans. Among the most important
conditions for fandom is the existence of a social
community that experiences joy, sorrow, and solidarity
together, and the formation of a collective memory off
the field.
There are fans who reach the level of fanaticism and
put the team they support in the center of their lives.
Fanaticism usually means being loyal to the team you
support under any circumstances. This loyalty can lead
to intolerance of marginalized competitors and, in its
advanced stages, violence. People who use violence in
the form of fighting, injuring, destroying people are
thugs. Bullying should not be confused with fanaticism.
Fanaticism means blindly supporting a team. The most
important thing for thugs is to fight and destroy their
team, regardless of whether they win.
Bullying increased between World Wars I and II, and
although it declined in the late 1950s, it increased again
in the 1960s. Today, bullying exists in many countries
other than England. The origin of the thugs is England,
and they are the children of lower-class working
families. They are people who have no job, no social
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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ISSUE
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(2021:
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164
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
support, no position in society, and have problems
with themselves, their families, and society. They
express their reactions by defying social norms,
breaking things. Football provides an environment
where hooligans can fan themselves and see football
as an arena they can easily exploit.
The trend towards bigotry and hooliganism among
football fans makes it difficult for football fans to act
impartially and use their own judgment in interpreting
sporting events. Football fans are loyal to their teams.
Their attachment to the team as a fan provides unity
with a proud and respected team and an escape from
a life of failure and monotony. Fans who are very
identified with their teams expect their team to win.
They see the team's success as their success.
The phenomenon of aggression
Aggression is often seen in connection with the
concepts of anger and resentment. However, there are
other emotional states besides anger and resentment
that can cause impression. Emotional states such as
pain, boredom, anxiety, pressure, fear, nervousness,
hatred, anger and hostility cause the formation of
behavior. There are many definitions of aggression.
According to one of these definitions, it is a behavior
that causes personal pain or material damage, directly
or indirectly calculated by the social and cultural
environment. Physically or verbally attacking a person,
behavior should not be allowed. The aggression of
football fans can be psychologically divided into three
groups: "individual" shown by one fan, "mass" shown
by a gathering of several fans, "pure violence" that
destroys people and property in front of him.
Fan violence
A fan is a person who loves his team, is emotionally
attached to his team and its colors. Fans can be violent.
If the fans exhibit the behavior, it is not about the
personality of the fans, but about the identity of the
thug or bigot. Football fans and hooligans play a major
role in violence, and violence increases as violent fans
participate in violent incidents by bigots and hooligans.
In one study, 20 out of 83 self-described fans, 28 out of
62. self-described fans. Out of 31 people who identified
themselves as bullies, 28 reported that fights took
place on the day of the match. As a type of behavior of
football fans, violations are known as football
fanaticism. The label of football fanaticism includes on-
field activities that are deliberately designed to disrupt
the game and may involve violence, but are violent and
destructive between rival fan groups. also refers to
field battles. In the context of football, fanaticism
becomes an integral part of life for fans who engage in
hooliganism, going to matches and fighting.
The behavior of fans and fan groups can create an
atmosphere of strife and fighting. However, it does not
manifest itself in the form of attacking fans of the
opposing team with sticks, knives or weapons, or
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
76
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
73-80
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
simply engaging in physical combat. Verbal attacks
may be committed by fans, such as referees, players
and fans of the opposing team, club presidents, fans
throwing foreign objects onto the field, tearing down
seats in the tribune, damaging the bus of athletes and
fans of the opposing team. Fan groups praise their
teams, rave about their victories, and identify with the
team as if they had achieved those victories
themselves. Fans gain pride and superiority from
victory. They belittle their opponents and even talk
about them as if they are not human. Fans of the
opposing team are also identified with the opposing
team and become the object of attack. Fan groups
direct their anger and sadness at a losing game or a
refereeing error onto the other team's fans.
Factors that play a role in fans being aggressive
Aggressive fan behavior is influenced by demographic
factors such as age, gender, socio-cultural factors,
family, education, subculture, social class and other
factors, alcohol consumption, media, referees,
managers, cheerleaders and racism and extreme
nationalism. makes a secret. Gender variability is an
important factor in the development of aggression.
Men have more aggressive tendencies than women.
Compared to women, men try to resolve their
differences by fighting. Football is a sport that
generally attracts the attention of men.
Theoretical basis
Research aimed at explaining the causes of
aggression focuses on three theories. The first of them
is based on Freud's views. Accordingly, aggression is an
instinctive trait and an innate tendency. According to
another theory called socialization or learning theory,
aggression is a result of learning processes. According
to the hypothesis-based theory of frustration and
aggression, aggression is a reaction to frustration. The
reaction given in this way can be congenital or later
acquired.
Fan aggression and social learning
According to social learning theory, aggressive
behavior is learned. Another finding relevant to social
learning theory is that aggression, like other learned
responses, is sensitive to reinforcing contingencies. In
this context, the family and social environment in
which a person grows up and the media can be
effective in learning about his aggressive behavior. If
an attack by a person exhibiting aggressive behavior is
positively reinforced, the person may continue to
engage in aggressive behavior. Children born into
environments where violence is the norm are no
strangers to violence. They witness domestic violence
or parents abuse a child. These children are bullied at
school by their teachers and by their friends on the
street. Essentially, Shahin found in his research that
violent football fans had been abused by their families
as children. People who accept living with violence in
the family, neighborhood, school as a matter of course,
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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164
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
as a result, become people who commit violence in the
stands.
CONCLUSION
Football plays an important role in social life. Football
is a way for people to escape from the mundanity and
tension of everyday life. By going to the games or
watching the games on TV, you want your favorite
team to win and be the best. This seemingly innocent
desire can turn into a struggle. Fans who feel that they
belong to their team and to the fan group they are a
part of, with the ambition to win, may display
aggressive attitudes and behaviors to help their team
win. Football matches, which should be peaceful and
friendly, turn into violent events with violent and
aggressive behavior by fans and groups.
The scope of research includes how family, fan group,
fan leaders, and media influence fan aggression. The
results show that aggressive fans are produced by
environmental factors, aggressive behavior is learned
and mastered by fans in the process of social learning,
which suggests that fans think that football inherently
involves aggression. and fans associate aggressive
behavior with success. It provides insight into the
aggressive tendencies of fan behavior inherent in
soccer, shows that soccer fandom is a result of learning
from the environment rather than an innate
characteristic of soccer fans, and shows that
aggressiveness is transmitted by fans. It is important
that the behaviors they learn towards new members,
especially those within fan groups, cause the
aggressiveness to continue.
Football is not just a game played in a stadium by 22
players and three referees. Undoubtedly, the referees,
players and coaches who manage the players on the
field. Off the pitch, the fans, the media and the board
of directors that run the club are also key elements of
football. Violence is a social wound. For this wound to
heal, all the above-mentioned elements in football
must be sensitive. The language used by football
commentators, especially
in newspapers and
television programs, should not be violent. Because
fans can learn about violence and aggression from the
media, publications that glorify violence and
aggression should not be released in the media and
images of violence should not be included. The way to
end violence and aggression in football is for all sides
of football to come together with common sense
around the principles of friendship, struggle and
sportsmanship.
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