Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
54
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
5
4-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the author, based on the study of fundamental works, explored the history of training personnel
–
women for industry in Uzbekistan. The chronological framework of the article covers the years 1950-1980. The article
also notes that in the process of studying historiography, personnel policy went through two stages. It is characterized
by the fact that general approaches to the study of historical processes have not changed compared to previous
studies, and in the course of studying this topic, they were characterized by the fact that in the post-war period,
personnel policy in Uzbekistan was not subjected to objective research, but no attempts were made to do so.
KEYWORDS
Personnel policy, chronology, industry, general secretary, social progress, party, working class, industrial profession,
historiographic review
INTRODUCTION
Analysis of the literature on the problem under study
already in the 1960s. undeniably indicates that there
have been certain shifts in the interpretation and
understanding of national history. Since the personnel
policy in the USSR was traditionally controlled, first of
all, by party structures and belonged to the field of “big
politics”, in Soviet historical scie
nce this problem was
Research Article
FROM THE HISTORY OF TRAINING PERSONNEL
–
WOMEN FOR
INDUSTRY IN UZBEKISTAN IN 50-80 YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY
Submission Date:
June 09, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 14, 2023,
Published Date:
June 19, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue06-11
Fazilat Artikbaevna Akramova
Lecturer Department “History Of Uzbekistan” Faculty Of The History, National University Of Uzbekistan
Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
55
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
5
4-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
either not raised at all, or was studied strictly in line
with the “general line” of the party.
Therefore, the 1960-1980s. in the sense of studying the
designated topic, they are characterized by the fact
that the personnel policy in the post-war USSR was not
only not subjected to objective research, but even
attempts were not made to do so (they could end very
sadly for the career of a researcher) [1].
The authorities tried to provide representatives of the
nomenklatura and technical intelligentsia by providing
various benefits and privileges with a higher standard
of living, the interests of the political elite and these
segments of the population diverged more and more.
The concentration of the country's actual power and
economy in t
he hands of “commanders of industry”
and other local economic leaders significantly
undermined the position of the CPSU in the Soviet
state.
The principle of “personnel stability” led to the fact
that local managers eventually became full-fledged
masters in the institutions and objects of the economy
that they led. The creation of close ties within the
nomenclature, on the one hand, led to the virtual
impunity of local managers, on the other hand, it was
in conflict with the objective laws of the development
of Soviet society and destroyed the already shaky
authority of the party among the broad masses of the
people [2].
In general, the Soviet period of the historiography of
the problem is characterized by the fact that the study
of the personnel policy of the party and the Soviet
government was under the control of the CPSU as an
important, backbone political issue. This fact, together
with the obvious and hidden shortcomings of the
Marxist methodology, was the reason that the
personnel policy in the USSR was not subjected to a
comprehensive and objective study. Nevertheless, it
cannot be denied that some scientific works have
accumulated
valuable
material
for
future
developments in this area.
A wealth of experience in the political leadership of
social development, in particular the training of
workers and specialists for industry, was accumulated
by party and public organizations, economic bodies
and special educational institutions of Uzbekistan
during the period of the final completion of socialist
construction and at the stage of developed socialism in
1956-1965 [3].
It should be noted that even at the twelfth congress,
held in Tashkent on February 15-17, 1954, the issues of
promotion to leadership positions of young and
capable workers from all party organizations of the
republic, including in Uzbekistan, as well as their
further improvement of the ideological education and
training of leading cadres, the strengthening of rural
party organizations with experienced leaders, the
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
56
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
5
4-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
promotion of representatives of local nationalities to
high posts was of particular importance.
Pursuing a policy of nominating cadres from among the
workers and peasants, who were declared to be their
mainstay in strengthening Soviet power, firstly,
sufficient conditions were not created for the work of
candidates, and secondly, not all candidates met the
requirements. Naturally, those who were promoted to
leadership positions from among the peasants and
workers did not have the necessary skills and
knowledge. Therefore, there was a high level of
unemployment among workers promoted from below
to leadership positions [4].
The personnel policy of the ruling communist party
was a system of requirements for the leading cadres of
the country. These requirements that guide, control,
regulate and evaluate their behavior were part of the
general socio-political norms and traditions developed
taking into account the social structure of society, the
interests and ideas of members of society.
This system of requirements had a multi-level,
hypocritical character, but there was a certain order
that determined the form, motivation, direction,
assessment of behavior, forms of work with personnel
and permissible deviations of the main part of
managers. Suffice it to say that in terms of the level of
training of specialists in secondary specialized and
higher educational institutions, Uzbekistan in the mid-
50s was ahead of many developed countries of the
West, not to mention the states of the East. Engineers
and technicians employed in industry make up the
predominant part of the production and technical
intelligentsia of Uzbekistan [5].
The great attention of the Communist Party of
Uzbekistan to the issues of training personnel for
industrial workers was predetermined by the fact that
the working class is the main productive force of
society, and without its formation, development in the
republic, neither the formation of a socialist industry,
nor the socialist reconstruction of the village and, in
general, the achievement of any social progress would
be possible [6].
The implementation of this course allowed Uzbekistan,
as well as other republics of Central Asia and
Kazakhstan, in a historically short period of time
–
less
than four decades
–
“to overcome centuries of
backwardness and become a developed socialist
republic”. The General Secretary of the Central
Committee of the CPSU, Yu.V.Andropov, in his
speeches noted that “The Party has always paid great
attention to the growth of national detachments of the
working class, the leading force in our society. And the
results are visible. Today, workers constitute the
largest social group in all the Union republics [7].
The issues of training industrial cadres of workers and
specialists in the country, including in Uzbekistan, the
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
57
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
5
4-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
growth of their material well-being, cultural and
technical level and creative activity at various stages of
the development of Soviet society are receiving more
and more complete coverage in Soviet historical
literature. This is evidenced by a historiographic review
of the literature on the working class, on industrial
development, given in collective works, monographs
and articles by M.A.Akhunova, B.V.Lunin and others
[8].
In the 1960s, 44.4% of women were concentrated in
industry: more than 3 thousand women held
command posts in industry, worked as engineers and
equipment. Women appeared in their great
contribution to the creation of the material objects of
our country. Industrial cadres from among women
have grown and hardened in Uzbekistan.
During the war years, the company decided to recruit
60,000 women, many of whom mastered new
production professions. Nevertheless, a decision is
needed that party, Soviet organizations, the
emergence of enterprises, is not a repeated
completion of the activities of women, especially
Uzbeks, in production, does not require their
consolidation in industry. As a result, in the post-war
years, the proportion of women in industrial
enterprises has significantly decreased: if during the
war years women accounted for 51%, now they make
up 44% of all enterprises. The percentage of Uzbek
women in industry is extremely low. For example, at
industrial enterprises in the city of Tashkent, they
rarely account for 6.3% of the total production [9].
Implementing the decisions of the CPSU, the party
organization of Uzbekistan did a great job of
strengthening enterprises with industrial personnel.
Suffice it to say that after the March (1965) Plenum of
the Central Committee of the CPSU more than tripled
the proportion of specialists with higher and secondary
specialized education in the total number of workers at
industrial enterprises of the Uzbek SSR. Of course, in
the period after 1965 the state of affairs with regard to
the training of cadres as a whole, and in particular for
industry, has improved substantially. During the study
period, there were still significant shortcomings and
problems in this important area. Due to the weakness
of the development of a network of vocational
schools, the vast majority of young workers were
trained directly on the job [10].
Slightly trained and highly qualified specialists. This
was one of the reasons for the low level of engineering,
economic and planning work at many enterprises, in
the insufficient number of specialists trained for a
number of accelerated developing industries, in
particular, for non-ferrous metallurgy, electrical
engineering, gas and petrochemistry.
In 1975, the Tashkent Textile Factory launched a
remarkable initiative under the slogan “Let the young
worker-
trainer achieve his goal”. The famous weaver
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
58
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
5
4-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
A.S. Verzilina was the initiator of this patriotic
movement. She herself taught the craft to many young
women. His students S.Fashutdinova and A.Molodaya,
graduates of vocational schools, completed their tasks
in the first year of the fifteenth year. How Verzilina
herself completed two personal five-year careers in
five years, delivering only top-notch products [11].
When we talk about the activities of women in the light
industry of Uzbekistan, we all know that there are
positive and negative aspects.
By the 25th Congress of the CPSU positive changes had
taken place in the qualitative composition of our
cadres. At the beginning of 1976, the leading workers
of the regional and district levels mostly had a higher
education. All secretaries of the regional committees
of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan had higher
education, more than 60% were specialists in industrial
and agricultural production, and among the secretaries
of city committees and district committees of the
party, 98% had higher education, about 50% were
engineers,
economists,
agronomists,
livestock
specialists, about 40% had higher party education,
political education. The number of women among the
secretaries of party committees has increased. In 1975,
135 women worked as secretaries of regional, city and
district party committees [12].
The responsible role in providing managers and
specialists with industrial personnel, as noted at the VI
(1982) Plenum of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of Uzbekistan, belongs to higher and
secondary industrial and agricultural educational
institutions. One of the major forges of personnel in
agricultural production was the Tashkent Order of
Friendship of Peoples Agricultural Institute. Every year
1,500 of its graduates, including 100 industrial
personnel of various profiles, replenished the army of
specialists and agriculture.
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Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
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(ISSN
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Pages:
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4-59
SJIF
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(2021:
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993
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(2022:
6.
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)
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7.
164
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–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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