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TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOLKLORISMS AND THEIR
IMPORTANCE IN UZBEK LITERARY STUDIES
Urazbaev Muratbay Amanbayevich
Basic doctoral student of the 1st stage of the
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15671381
Annotation.
This article extensively analyzes the essence of the concept of
folklore, the history of its formation, and its place in literary studies. The main
attention is paid to the introduction of folklore motifs into the works of national
spirit, aesthetic richness, and cultural memory. It also highlights the role of
folklore motifs in modern literature, their reinterpretation, and their
significance in the work of writers and poets.
Keywords.
Folklorism, folklore, modern Uzbek literature, cultural heritage,
nationality, motif, image, literary studies, national thinking, folk heroes, artistic
expression, traditions, reinterpretation.
Folklorism is a feature of fiction that manifests itself to varying degrees in
different writers and is characterized by the ideological and aesthetic
assimilation of folklore and its use in their work. This includes a process from
simple repetition of folklore material to its deep artistic transformation.
In the development of Uzbek literature, the artistic elements of oral folk art
- folklorisms - play an important role. Folklorisms are considered as a means of
introducing the life experience, aesthetic taste, and national thinking of the
people into Uzbek literature. They play an important role in enriching literary
texts, acquiring a national color, and forming a sense of historical and aesthetic
harmony in the reader.
It is known that after the creation of folklore works, it continues in a second
form due to live performance, singing, playing, singing, distribution, or
recreation. However, their second form, or more precisely, the inclusion of
folklore examples in historical and artistic monuments, in the works of writers
and composers, is considered folklorisms.
The penetration of folklore elements into written literature by the creator
gave rise to the term folklorism in literary studies. The word "folklorism" was
first used in the 19th century by the French folklorist Paul Sebiya. This term
means "to be interested in and engaged in folklore." By the 1930s, M.K.
Azadovsky called the use of folklore in fiction and journalism "folklorism." In the
60s of this century, the term "folklorism" was given an international character
and began to be widely used. The study of the relationship between folklore and
written literature in Uzbek literature gained momentum in the 1980s.1.
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Bahodir Sarimsoqov was one of the first in Uzbek literature to develop the
theory of folklorism. In his article "On the Question of the Typology of
Folklorisms," he says: "The term folklorism very accurately expresses the nature
of the folklore material introduced into modern art and literature by a
professional artist. Because all the material related to folklore in the
composition of written literature or other types of art is no longer its natural
creation, living and functioning, but consists of a secondly revived form of that
material, consistently directed by a professional creator based on his creative
goal, first of all, in connection with the demands of the time, as well as his
manner and style of creativity. Second revival, in other words, revival and
functioning, always differs to a certain extent from the first natural creation and
functioning of folklorisms. From this point of view, it can be concluded that there
is no folklore in the composition of written literature, but there are folklorisms.
1 Tursunova D. Semantic-stylistic features of some folklorisms in the
"Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language" Innovations in technology and
science education, 2023, P.443-444
2 Sarimsakov B. On the issue of the typology of folklore // Uzbek language
and literature.1980. Issue 4. - P. 349.
Folklore, as a rule, is closely connected with the culture, history, and
traditions of the people, which can be reflected in the content and form of works
of art. The Importance of Folklore1.Cultural Heritage: Through folklore, oral folk
art enters fiction and helps preserve its cultural heritage. This process plays an
important role in strengthening the historical memory of the people.
2.Strengthening identity: When elements of folklore are used in literary
works, they help enhance the identity of their people. Through this, the author
can express their thoughts and views more powerfully.
3.Aesthetic value: Folklore motifs add aesthetic depth and diversity to
works of art. Traditional elements can be reinterpreted by contemporary artists
in new contexts. There are many examples of folklorism in art. For example, in
Navoi's works: In Alisher Navoi's "Khamsa," we find many motifs and heroes
taken from oral folk art.
- Sheikh Sufi's "Epic of Iraq": In this work, folklore elements are widely
used, and folk heroism and values are reflected.
- Uzbek Cinema: Folklore elements are often found in Uzbek films. For
example, scenes in the film "Charming Beauty" reflect traditional customs3.
Folklorism is reflected in various genres of modern Uzbek literature. The
use of folklore motifs in genres such as poetry, prose, and dramaturgy serves to
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increase the stylistic richness of literary works. In particular, in poetry, elements
of folklore are widely used as a means of artistic expression, since the
possibilities of expressing national spirituality through the use of poetic images
of the people are expanding. The relationship between folklore and modern
literature, as well as the manifestation of folklorism in new works
3 Zaripova Sh, "Folklorism in Literary Works" Science and Innovation, 2024
- 2 (29), 4-6 is studied. Also, special attention is paid to the issues of processing
and interpretation of folklore motifs in modern Uzbek works.Folklorism is the
process of using elements of folklore in literature. This style is important in
introducing the spirit of nationality into the works, preserving traditions, and
expressing the aesthetic views of the people. Folklore gives deep meaning to the
images and motifs of the works, reflecting them in a broad cultural context. The
widespread use of folklore in modern Uzbek literature confirms the relevance of
elements of oral folk art in literary processes. In this process, writers and poets
strive to express national values by incorporating the unique worldview,
cultural heritage, and artistic expression styles of the people into contemporary
works.
Folklore is not just an artistic movement, but the spiritual wealth of every
nation. For this reason, in modern Uzbek literature, folklore is widely studied as
a means of preserving nationality and enriching works. In modern Uzbek
literature, folklore motifs and images are reproduced in various genres. Among
these genres, poetry, prose, and drama stand out. Folklorism is manifested in
poetry through images, symbols, and poetic language of the people. Writers,
using dastans, proverbs, and riddles from oral folk art as means of artistic
expression, create modern poems. In this process, the most ancient concepts,
values, and aesthetic interpretations of the people find new expression. In the
prose genre, the processing of folklore motifs is carried out on a large scale.
Modern novelists bring ancient traditions closer to readers by recreating folk
legends, fairy tales, and songs in their works. For example, the depiction of folk
heroes or mythological images as heroes of modern works serves to make
artistic images more vivid. Universal motifs and themes present in folklore, such
as love, courage, bravery, and honesty, contemporary are reflected in the
characters of literary heroes.And in the drama genre, traditional roles and
rituals of the people are brought to the stage5. Through this, expressive means
of oral folk art are entering modern Uzbek dramaturgy. Folk elements, such as
folk songs, games, and performances, are presented in a new interpretation in
contemporary stage productions. This method allows the audience to revive
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national culture and preserve it through works. In modern Uzbek literature, the
manifestation of folklorism in various genres adds color to literary processes. In
poetry, folklorism is widely used as a means of expressing the most ancient
aesthetic feelings of the people. For example, Uzbek folk proverbs and riddles
are used as a means of artistic expression in modern poetry. Writers express the
deep worldview of the people through folk images and symbols. In particular,
folk wisdom and values serve as the basis of national poems. In prose, folklorism
is reflected through the processing of ancient folk legends and heroic epics. By
depicting the historical heroes of the people as modern heroes, writers enrich
national values and culture in their works. Motifs of heroism, courage, and
honesty in folk legends are widely used in modern novels and enrich the content
of the works. In the drama genre, the rituals, games, and customs of the people
are brought to the stage. In this genre, folklore motifs are used as a means of
reviving national traditions in theatrical performances.
Folk rituals and games make theatrical works colorful, allowing the
audience to revive national culture. At the same time, modern dramaturgy
serves to enrich the artistic and aesthetic views of the people with new
expressive styles.The directions of development of folklore in modern Uzbek
literature are multifaceted and diverse. Elements of folk oral creativity are
expressed in new interpretations in works of art, serving to enrich their content
and form. in modern Uzbek literature, folklorism is in the process of combining
elements of folk oral creativity with works. is important. Folklore serves as a
creative tool for preserving national culture, values, and traditions and
transmitting them to new generations. Writers and poets, inspired by the rich
oral heritage of the people, use traditional motifs and images in creating modern
works.
This process allows for the revival of national culture and its reflection in
contemporary literature. The study of folklore in contemporary literature
reveals the inextricable link between nationality and modernity. Folklore plays
an important role in enriching the national literary language, expanding the
means of aesthetic expression in works, and making the images of heroes more
vivid and convincing. Folklore manifests itself in modern Uzbek literature as an
integral part of national culture and has a great influence on the directions of its
development.In the future, the use of folklore in literature is expected to
continue, since this style serves to introduce folk culture into modern literary
processes. At the same time, the processing of images and motifs of oral folk art
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in modern works allows writers to express the national spirit and introduce
creative innovation.4.
In conclusion, folklore is one of the important research directions of Uzbek
literary studies, which serves to study the processes of the penetration of oral
folk art into fiction and its manifestation in new interpretations in modern
works. Folklorism introduces national character, imagery, and aesthetic depth
into literature. At the same time, it serves to create works in the spirit of the
people, preserve historical memory, and strengthen national identity. The role of
folklore in Uzbek literature is not only to reflect historical experience, but also to
enrich it with modern interpretations. The elements of folklore in the works of
famous writers reveal the spiritual world of the Uzbek people, customs and
traditions.
4 Yakubova Sh. "The Role of Folklorism in Modern Uzbek Literature and its
Development Directions" Journal of Universal Science Research Volume 2, Issue
10, P. 157-160</2 reflects their habits and aesthetic taste. Therefore, folklore is
an important literary phenomenon, which has not only scientific, but also
practical significance.
In this article, the theoretical foundations of the concept of folklorism, its
manifestation in Uzbek fiction, and specific examples from the works of writers
and poets are highlighted. In the course of the research, it was established that
folklore is an important tool not only for understanding the historical stages of
Uzbek literature, but also for studying the processes of harmonization of folk art
with modern artistic thinking.
The use of folklore elements in Uzbek literature is expressed through
mythological images, proverbs, legends, fairy tales, folk songs, customs, and
traditions. This brings a unique national character, artistic diversity, and
emotional depth to literary works. Also, folklore plays an important role in
literature not only as a formal ornament or artistic decoration, but also as a
semantic unit expressing deep spiritual, ideological, and aesthetic ideas. It
connects the past and the present, serves to preserve national identity, and
organically preserves the genetic code of folk thinking in literary expression.
By studying folklore, it is possible to draw deep scientific conclusions about
the roots of Uzbek literary thought, the worldview, values, mentality, and
aesthetic criteria of the people. In the context of today's globalization, the
preservation of folklore elements in literature is not only a matter of artistic
style, but also one of the most important means of preserving cultural heritage,
developing national thinking, and educating the younger generation.
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Consequently, folklore does not lose its significance as a fundamental
methodological and artistic-aesthetic factor in the development of Uzbek
literature. Through it, writers, reflecting the life, customs, ancient worldview,
and dreams of the people in artistic images, make a great contribution to
preserving the national spirit of Uzbek literature. Therefore, the scientific study
of folklore, the analysis of its interpretations in modern literature, remains one
of the main directions of the development of Uzbek literature.
References:
1. Tursunova D. “O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘at” dagi ba’zi folklorizmlarning
semantik-stilistik xususiyatlari” Innovations in technology and science
education, 2023, B.443-444
2. Sarimsoqov B. “Folklorizm tipologiyasi masalasiga doir” O‘zbek tili va
adabiyoti.1980. 4-son. – B. 349.
3. Zaripova Sh, “Badiiy asarlarda folklorizm” Наука и инновация, 2024 -
2(29), 4–6
4. Yakubova Sh. “Zamonaviy o‘zbek adabiyotida folklorizmning roli va uning
rivojlanish yo‘nalishlari” Journal of universal science research 2-tom, 10-son, B.
157-160
