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LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATIONS OF 20TH
CENTURY UZBEK STORIES AND NOVELLAS
Eshonkulova Muattar Tojiboevna
Doctoral student of Kokand State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15704333
Abstract:
This article investigates the translations of Uzbek stories and
novellas of the 20th century from a linguocultural perspective. It explores the
historical development of translation and translation processes, the linguistic
and cultural aspects of translation, and the complexities involved in translating
Uzbek literary works into English, providing examples of these challenges. The
importance of the translator's knowledge and experience, understanding of
cultural context, and preservation of poetic expression during the translation
process is highlighted. The article encompasses the fields of linguoculturology,
linguistics, and translation studies, demonstrating their interconnections.
Keywords:
translation, linguoculturology, literary work, translator, Uzbek
literature, English language, cultural context, poetic expression, translation
process, translation theory
Fields such as fiction, art, linguistics, and translation studies are closely
related and complement each other.
Translation and interpreting is one of the ancient creative fields that have
been forming in the history and culture of the peoples of the world for several
times. Generations of people who have been living in different continents and
regions of the earth for several thousand years have shown their creative
passions, interests, opportunities, and interests through the medium of
translation. He turned it into a means of international communication, which he
always used effectively. Interpreters and the owners of this profession
accompanied trade caravans in ancient times and acted as interpreters in
various trade activities. Later, translators expanded their activities and began to
translate scientific and artistic works from one language to another. In this case,
the processes of mutual exchange and translation of information in related
languages, and the translation of information from non-related languages into
one's own language were fundamentally different. We can only say that this
tawafut has not lost its limits, it has shortened a little. Of course, the translation
of works of art of languages that are not close to each other is a complex process
of its own, and the translator needs to be well aware of the spirituality,
traditions, and history of both nations.
"A good translator - writes Korney Chukovsky, is highly respected by the
people, because he is not an ordinary craftsman and not a dry copyist, he is an
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artist [2.212]. Jumanyoz Sharipov, one of the scholars of Uzbek translation, this
famous poet-translator opposes word-for-word translation and asks artists to
use all their energy, talent, and creativity to translate. requires [3.10]
Linguistics is a branch of science that studies the relationship between
language and culture. Linguistics combines the fields of linguistics, cultural
studies, and sociology to study the cultural aspects of language, national
characteristics, and their place in social life.
Linguistics (linguistics) is a scientific field that studies language and
analyzes the structure, functions, development and use of language. Linguistics
studies different aspects of language and helps us understand how language
works as a means of human communication.
Translation is the process of transferring text or speech from one language
into another language in terms of content and form. Translation is divided into
two main forms: written translation and oral translation. The main task of
translation is to transfer content, stylistic features and context from one
language to another.
Considering the three areas given above as the objects of our research, all of
them are processes of translation. In order to convert and translate information
or an artistic text from one language to another, it is better to work in close
connection with these three areas.
Scientists of the world and our country have been contributing to the
development of translation studies. Among them are M. Holbskov (Kak stroitsya
tekst. M. 1980.), L. M. Loseva, V. Komissarov (Teoriya perevoda. M, 1990),
Shukhrat Sirojiddinov, Gulnoza Odilova, I. Gofurov, O. Mominov, N. Qambarov
(Theory of translation , Tashkent 2012) and many other scientists' contributions
to the field of translation studies are noteworthy.
The transformation of the dry meaning into the fruit of sophistication - the
acquisition of meaningfulness of the form determines the dialectic and value of
the work of translation. [1.10] According to Kant, perception forms its concepts
without the control of the mind due to effective imagination. According to Kant,
the ability of imagination is its spontaneous, natural nature. It is not an
imaginary thing, but a working tool for the synthesis of emotions and
perception. [1.6]
According to the work "Theory of Translation" by I. Gafurov, N. Kambarov,
the issues of artistic text translation are described as follows:
a) Knowledge and experience of the translator: When translating a literary
text, the translator needs a wide life experience and a deep knowledge of both
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languages. In order to translate the text in accordance with the original work,
the translator must thoroughly study its vocabulary, artistic features, images
and socio-historical environment. Finding a common ground between the writer
and the translator, i.e. preserving the spirit of the original text, is an important
factor in the successful translation.
b) Artistic and scientific features of translation: In the process of
translation, the translator must take into account the choice of words, syntactic
and stylistic aspects. Along with meaning and style, color, poetics also plays an
important role in the translation of a literary text. The plan of expression and
meaning must be preserved in the translation
c) Poetic expression: The translator should know and use the treasures of
poetic expression of the original work. In the process of translation, it is
necessary to take into account the semantic, syntactic and stylistic aspects of
word and sentence constructions. This is especially important in poetic
translation, because a poetic text contains more artistic imagery and elements
such as rhythm and tone than a prose text.
d) Cultural adaptation: The cultural context should be taken into account
during the translation process. The culture, traditions and mentality of each
nation are reflected in the works. Therefore, the translator must make cultural
adaptation in order to adequately convey the ideas in the text.
e) Lexical transformations: In the process of translation, ambiguous words
should be correctly translated based on the context. Through lexical
transformations, the text can be conveyed to the reader in an understandable
and literary way.
It's no secret that in translation, a relatively perfect knowledge of all aspects
and intricacies of the original language and the translation language, to what
extent they are compatible and compatible with each other, and the conflicting
and complex aspects, is one of the first conditions of translation in the modern
era.
However, this will not be enough for the translation of literary and artistic
works. To know the treasures of poetic expression of the original and translated
languages, to act like a master diver with open eyes who clearly knows and
imagines his work in the semantic, syntactic, stylistic worlds of words and
sentence constructions, in the world of linguistics - an artistic word, to create
like a sensitive artist in the fields of scientific thinking is the main feature of the
translation profession, one of its main goals.
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Translation, especially artistic translation and/or poetic translation, is a
complex process, and it is difficult to translate them exactly in their original
state. In order to preserve the meaning, it is necessary to find paraphrase and
equivalent units. If we pay attention to the translation of two unrelated
languages, we will see significant differences between Uzbek and German. These
differences are reflected not only in language structure, grammar, vocabulary,
but also in cultural mentality and customs. These complex situations often occur
during the translation of works of art, especially during the translation from
Uzbek to English or German. If we consider this situation in the following
fragment of the work, the combination "naughty boy" is used in the translation
of the title of the work "Shum Bola". However, when the word "naughty" is
translated from English to Uzbek, it means capricious, stubborn and out of place.
However, the word "shum" in the Uzbek language does not fully reflect the
child's capriciousness. If we define the word "shum" based on the content of the
work, we can say that the child does not intend to harm anyone, or does not
want to hurt anyone. He is just an inexperienced young boy who faced
difficulties in life without a father, but with a clean heart. I don't think the word
"naughty" has such a deep meaning in English and Germnan. However, we
believe that another equivalent word cannot describe the Uzbek word "shum".
Conclusion
Thus, the subject of translation theory reflects and summarizes the laws
and guidelines closely related to language based on translation practice,
translation works, translation processes, translator activity, translation history
and their study. . Translation theory critically examines the views, perspectives,
observations, and diverse experiences related to the wide living practice of
translation and describes the rules and principles of translation, their limits and
standards. The process of translation is a complex and unique process, and the
translator must have deep knowledge of two languages, understand cultural
contexts, and preserve poetic expression. Semantic, syntactic and stylistic
differences between the source and translation languages should be taken into
account in the translation process. The knowledge and experience of the
translator are important in the translation of artistic and scientific texts, and
cultural adaptation and lexical transformations help the translation to be
successful. At the same time, the translator should use artistic and creative
approach in his work.
References:
1.
. Gʻofurov, O. Moʻminov, N.Qambarov, Tarjima nazariyasi, Toshkent 2012.
2.
Korney Chukovskiy. Bolshoe Isskustvo, M. Izd.vo. “Isskustvo” 1961.
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3.
Jumaniyoz Sharipov, Badiiy tarjimalar va mohir tarjimonlar. Toshkent
1972.
4.
G’afur G’ulom. “Shum bola” Toshkent 1983.
5.
I. M Tukhtasinov, U. R. Yuldoshev, A naughty boy, by G’afur Gulom .
Toshkent 2017.
