Том 4 № 36 (2025)

Ushbu maqola umumiy psixologiyaning psixika va ong mavzusida bo´lib, unda psixikaning filogenetik taraqqiyoti, uning rivojlanish tarixi, davomiyligi va turlari shuningdek, ong haqida tushunchalar yoritilib berilgan.

The article is devoted to the study of facade architecture of late madrasahs of the 19th - early 20th centuries in Central Asia. On the basis of comparative analysis of madrasahs of Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand schools the typical features of facade design are revealed: portal composition, majolica decoration, epigraphy, symmetry and alignment of contour elements. It is shown that the facade was the main means of expressing the style of the ideology of the monument in the context of local traditions and colonial influence. The tendencies of preserving canons or departing from them in different urban environments are analysed.

Translation is a multifaceted activity that encompasses more than mere linguistic conversion. Effective translation pedagogy must address both linguistic competence and extra-linguistic knowledge, including cultural, situational, and pragmatic factors. This thesis explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical methodologies for teaching the linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects of translation. Drawing on translation studies, applied linguistics, and educational theory, it presents an integrated framework for translation instruction. The research highlights the necessity of a balanced curriculum that incorporates both dimensions and offers practical strategies for educators.

Ushbu maqola gender tengligi tushunchasining ilmiy asoslarini keng yoritib, tarixiy, madaniy, ijtimoiy va siyosiy kontekstda uning mazmunini tahlil qiladi. Gender tengligi erkaklar va ayollarning teng huquqlarga ega bo‘lishini ta'minlaydigan tushuncha sifatida bayon etiladi.

Mazkur maqola oliy ta'lim tizimida o‘quv jarayonini samarali tashkil etish va ta'lim sifatini oshirish uchun qo‘llanilishi mumkin bo‘lgan innovatsion yondashuvlar va strategiyalarni tahlil qilishga qaratilgan.

Sirdaryo viloyati qishloq xo’jaligi sohasida O'zbekistonning muhim  hududlaridan biri bo'lib, uning iqtisodiy rivojlanishida yer fondining o'rni katta. Viloyat yer fondining tarkibi asosan qishloq xo'jaligi va sug'orish tizimiga tegishli bo'lib, bu hududda asosan sifatli paxta va g'alla yetishtiriladi.

Ushbu maqolada inson ekologiyasi tushunchasining mazmuni va mohiyati yoritilgan bo`lib, inson ekologiyasi nafaqat atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilishda, balki ijtimoiy barqarorlik, sog'liq va farovonlikni ta'minlashda ham muhim ahamiyatga egaligi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, inson ekologiyasi va ijtimoiy fanlar bir-birini to'ldirishi va insoniyatning atrof-muhit bilan aloqalarini yaxshiroq tushunishga yordam berishi ochib berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilini o‘qitish jarayonida o‘quvchilarning haqiqiy materialga asoslangan nutqiy kompetensiyasi roli ko‘rsatilgan. O‘quv jarayoniga asl materialni kiritish o‘quvchilarning ingliz tilini tushunish va talaffuz qilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishga yordam beradi, shuningdek, ularning so‘z boyligini boyitadi. Ushbu turdagi materiallar talabalarga ingliz tilida real hayotdagi muloqot holatlarini tushunishga va moslashishga yordam beradi. Shunday qilib, ingliz tilini o‘qitish jarayonida o‘ziga xos materiallardan foydalanish talabalarning nutq kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishga yordam beradi, o‘rganishni yanada qiziqarli, samarali va amaliy qiladi.

Ushbu maqolada multimedia dasturlari asosida ingliz tilini o'qitish texnologiyalari talabalar uchun samarali va qiziqarli o‘qish muhitini yaratadi. Ushbu yondashuvlar orqali talabalar tilni osonroq o‘zlashtiradilar va o‘z bilimlarini amaliyotda qo‘llash imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ladilar. O‘qituvchilar va ta’lim muassasalari ushbu texnologiyalarni qo‘llash orqali o‘qitish jarayonini yanada samarali va qiziqarli qilishlari mumkinligi to‘g‘risida yoritilgan.

Postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions remain a critical challenge in abdominal and pelvic surgery, with significant clinical and economic implications. Adhesions can lead to chronic pelvic pain, female infertility, intestinal obstruction, and complicate reoperations due to anatomical distortion. The development of adhesions is a multifactorial process involving peritoneal injury, local inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated collagen metabolism. Despite preventive surgical techniques, the incidence of adhesions remains high, highlighting the need for effective adjunctive strategies.

This article explores the interrelation between emotional expression and stage speech in theatrical art. It discusses the integration of emotion into spoken words, techniques of stage speech, the actor's emotional state, and methods for harmonizing these elements. The article serves as a methodological guide for actors, theater educators, and students.

This article is mostly focused on the overtourism itself, effects of overcrowding of touristic destinations, as well as the ways to manage big amount of foreigners in gentle, not-toxic way, taking as an example experienced countries. Particularly it is going to review the city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Because while tourism strengthens economy and cultural diversification, overtourism leads to challenges such as environmental stain and resentment of locals. Hence overcrowding management strategies are important to balance between visitors and locals satisfaction.

This article analyzes the pedagogical objectives of teaching historical novels in higher education through a coherent system. Specifically, it identifies six key goals achievable through this literary genre: deepening historical understanding, developing critical thinking, enhancing literary skills, discussing socio-cultural themes, fostering personal-moral development, and providing integrated knowledge through interdisciplinary approaches. 

This article highlights the role and importance of the chemical industry in the development of agriculture in the Uzbek SSR.

В этой статье мы рассмотрим историю формирования  скульптурного искусство, а также знаменитые шедевры исторических скульпторов. Приведём примеры ярких наследий в истории скульптурного искусства.

O‘zbekistonda qishloq joylarda aholining bandligini ta'minlash dolzarb masalalardan biri hisoblanadi. Mamlakatimizda amalga oshirilayotgan iqtisodiy islohotlar, ayniqsa ijtimoiy himoyaga muhtoj qatlamlar, yoshlar va ayollar uchun bandlik imkoniyatlarini yaratish orqali aholi turmush darajasini oshirishga qaratilgan. Bandlik darajasining pastligi, rasmiy ish o‘rinlarining yetishmasligi, mavsumiy mehnatga qaramlik – qishloq joylarda ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy barqarorlikka salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatuvchi omillardan sanaladi.

The moral and artistic principles of Charles Dickens's novel Dombey and Son (1846–1848) are examined in this article, with a focus on the book's profound critique of bourgeois society and depiction of human transformation. Dickens reveals the damaging effects of capitalism on interpersonal and familial connections via the use of symbolic imagery, realist narrative techniques, and character development. In order to reveal the novel's social and ethical dimensions, the analysis makes use of literary contextualization, psychological insight, and thematic analysis. It is believed that Dombey and Son is more than just a family book; rather, it is a powerful moral statement that affirms the transformational potential of decency and empathy while opposing the dehumanizing powers of capitalist modernity.

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek adabiyotining yorqin vakillaridan biri – Saida Zununova lirikasining lingvopoetik xususiyatlari tadqiq etiladi. Asosiy e’tibor shoiraning she’riy tilini tashkil etuvchi metafora, epitet, simvol va boshqa badiiy vositalarning funksional-estetik ahamiyatini ochib berishga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot IMRAD modeli asosida olib borilib, aniq metodlar asosida Zununova lirikasi tahlil qilinadi.

Настоящий тезис отражает результаты комплексного анализа прогресса Узбекистана в достижении Целей устойчивого развития (ЦУР) Повестки 2030, разработанных ООН. Особое внимание в исследовании уделено экономическим индикаторам как основным критериям устойчивости, на основе которых возможно измерение динамики трансформации национальной экономики в контексте глобальных ориентиров.

DMSM yoki doimiy magnitli sinxron mashina - rotorning qo‘zg‘atish chulg‘amlari bo‘lmagan sinxron mashinalarning bir turi bo‘lib, bu vazifani doimiy magnitlar bajaradi. Barcha sinxron elektr mashinalardagi kabi, ularning rotorining burchak tezligi harakatlanuvchi va harakatsiz qismlar orasidagi bo‘shliqda aylanuvchi magnit maydon chastotasiga teng.

This article highlights the significance of the cultural services market in the modern stage, its role in the economy, and development features specific to the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The authors analyze the problems hindering progress in this area and propose economic mechanisms to overcome them. In particular, improving service quality, modernizing infrastructure, enhancing investment activity, and introducing digital technologies are considered as key directions.

Актуальность изучения астенических расстройств определяется их частотой в структуре различных неврологических, соматических и психических заболеваний, относительной неспецифичностью и при этом различными этиопатогенетическими механизмами. Несмотря на то что астенические расстройства привлекают внимание врачей много столетий, изучение данной проблематики остается важной задачей, стоящей перед неврологией и другими врачебными специальностями. Большое внимание в статьи уделено роли стресса, системных воспалительных процессов в генезе астении. Статья основана не только на анализе литературных данных, но и на собственном опыте и результаты выполненных нами клинических исследований.

Ushbu ilmiy ishda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi va qator xorijiy davlatlar — jumladan Rossiya, Ukraina, Qirg‘iziston, Qozog‘iston, Belarus, Moldova, Gruziya hamda Armaniston qonunchiligida advokatlik maqomini to‘xtatib turish asoslari qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlil asosida ko‘rib chiqilgan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasida bu masala “Advokatura to‘g‘risida”gi Qonunning 13- va 15-moddalari bilan tartibga solinadi. Tahlil davomida xorij tajribasida mazkur institutning turli yondashuvlari, xususan, shaxsiy ariza, davlat xizmatiga o‘tish, harbiy xizmat, sog‘liq holati, axloq kodeksi buzilishi, to‘lovlarni amalga oshirmaslik kabi asoslar mavjudligi aniqlangan. Har bir davlat qonunchiligidagi farqlar va umumiyliklar tahlil qilinib, ushbu institutni milliy qonunchilikda takomillashtirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan

The tourism sector is developing at a rapid pace, and both internal and especially external factors significantly influence its growth. Notable efforts are being made in the country to attract both foreign and domestic tourists. For instance, in 2019, the Law “On the Development of Tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan” was adopted. In order to promote tourism, various projects have been implemented to improve hotels, transportation, and communication infrastructure. Measures have also been taken to include historical cities, cultural heritage sites, and natural attractions in tourist maps and to attract visitors to these destinations. Educational programs and courses have been organized to train qualified personnel for providing high-quality services in the tourism sector. In addition, numerous international conferences, events, and tourism fairs are currently being held, which helps draw further attention to this field. Organizing such events in the future would also contribute significantly to the continued development of the tourism sector.

Plants, in the process of photosynthesis, produce organic matter in inorganic substances, which are used for the growth, development, and reproduction of plants. One of the important results of the photosynthesis process is the indicator of dry matter formation. In our research, we determined the formation of dry matter and the rate of dry matter formation in the phases of development of rye varieties grown in the conditions of the Samarkand region under moderate and arid conditions.

This article investigates the translations of Uzbek stories and novellas of the 20th century from a linguocultural perspective. It explores the historical development of translation and translation processes, the linguistic and cultural aspects of translation, and the complexities involved in translating Uzbek literary works into English, providing examples of these challenges. The importance of the translator's knowledge and experience, understanding of cultural context, and preservation of poetic expression during the translation process is highlighted. The article encompasses the fields of linguoculturology, linguistics, and translation studies, demonstrating their interconnections.

В данной статье рассматривается игровая технология применяемая на уроках русского языка для того чтобы сделать его как можно более радостным и увлекательным. В этом и могут помочь игровые технологии, их периодическое использование на уроках.  

в данной статье рассматриваются способы использования таких инновационных методов обучения при изучении причастий русского языка, как кластер, ЗХУ, Диаграмма Венна и другие.

This thesis analyzes Uzbekistan's transition to a green economy, examining the challenges and opportunities along the way. Against the backdrop of global warming, limited natural resources, and environmental issues, the green economy is regarded as a crucial factor in ensuring the country's economic sustainability. The thesis offers recommendations for improving energy efficiency, expanding the use of renewable energy sources, and introducing environmentally friendly technologies.

Ushbu maqolada pedagogik tadqiqotlarni amalga oshirishda qo‘llaniladigan texnologik mexanizmlarning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari tahlil etilgan. Pedagogik jarayonni chuqur tahlil qilish, yangi ilmiy natijalarga erishish va ta’lim sifatini oshirishda samarali texnologik yondashuvlarning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda zamonaviy ilmiy-tadqiqot metodlari, raqamli texnologiyalar, diagnostika vositalari, eksperiment asoslari va monitoring tizimlari pedagogik tadqiqotlarning asosiy tarkibiy qismlari sifatida baholangan. Shuningdek, pedagogik tadqiqotlarning bosqichlari – muammoni aniqlash, gipoteza ilgari surish, metodlarni tanlash, ma’lumotlarni yig‘ish va tahlil qilish, xulosa chiqarish va amaliyotga tatbiq etish kabi jarayonlar texnologik asosda bayon etilgan. Ilmiy asoslangan, tizimli va integrallashgan yondashuvlar pedagogik izlanishlar samaradorligini oshirishda muhim omil sifatida ko‘rsatilgan.

In “Tamerlane: Sword of Islam, Conqueror of the World”, Justin Marozzi investigates the extraordinary life of Amir Timur, the Central Asian warlord who forged a vast empire through military brilliance and political cunning. This thesis analyzes how Timur tactically employed Islam as a political instrument, his approach to leadership and conquest, and how Marozzi’s narrative contributes to modern historiography. Drawing upon a combination of historical scholarship and primary sources, this work places Timur within the broader discourse of religion, power, and empire in the Islamic world.

в статье представляются сведения работ зарубежных ученных в рамках изучения и совершенствования процессов обслуживания в академических библиотеках, с особенностью современного развития и внедрения технологий в практику работ академических библиотек вузов.

Ensuring sustainable use of soil resources has become a strategic priority for agricultural systems worldwide. In regions with arid and semi-arid climates, where agricultural productivity heavily depends on irrigated lands, declining soil fertility exacerbates the risks associated with food insecurity, environmental degradation, and rural poverty. The limitations of purely agronomic interventions highlight the need for complementary economic instruments that encourage farmers to adopt sustainable land management practices. Financial incentives—such as conditional subsidies, tax exemptions, and access to preferential loans—can serve as effective drivers of behavior change. When integrated into broader agricultural policy frameworks, these tools help balance ecological responsibility with economic viability, thereby reinforcing both the productivity and resilience of farming systems.

The modern education system requires innovative teaching approaches, especially in the natural sciences. This article analyzes the integration of interactive technologies into the teaching of 7th-grade physics in Uzbekistan. It focuses on how simulation tools, digital platforms, and virtual labs improve student engagement, conceptual understanding, and scientific thinking. Case studies and curriculum analysis from Uzbekistan’s 7th-grade physics textbook are presented to show practical implementation. Recommendations are provided for further development and international collaboration.

Поскольку Интернет продолжает стремительно развиваться, наблюдается заметный рост использования трансграничной электронной коммерции потребителями по всему миру. Это расширение привело к различным действиям, которые ставят под угрозу безопасность транзакций и нарушают законные права потребителей, что негативно сказывается на общей безопасности транзакций в глобальной сети. В настоящем исследовании представлен сравнительный анализ механизмов защиты прав потребителей в различных странах с выявлением существенных пробелов и несоответствий в существующих подходах. Результаты исследования подчеркивают острую необходимость в надежной международной правовой базе для гармонизации законов о защите прав потребителей во всем мире. Благодаря разработке всеобъемлющих механизмов международной координации и повышению осведомленности потребителей можно значительно повысить безопасность трансграничных транзакций электронной коммерции, тем самым поддерживая устойчивый рост глобального цифрового рынка.

This article provides information on the importance of developing improved speech in primary school teachers and the concept of speech culture and its main elements.

Mazkur maqolada o‘quvchilarning texnik ijodkorligini rivojlantirish metodlari keng yoritilgan. Texnik ijodkorlikning mazmuni, ahamiyati va o‘quvchilar tafakkurini rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni izohlangan. Shuningdek, amaliy mashg‘ulotlar, muammoli vaziyatlar, ijodiy loyihalar, modellashtirish, AKT vositalaridan foydalanish kabi zamonaviy metodlar tahlil etilgan. Har bir metodning afzalliklari va o‘quvchilarni mustaqil fikrlash, innovatsion g‘oyalarga qiziqishini shakllantirishdagi roli ko‘rsatib berilgan. Maqola texnologiya o‘qituvchilari, pedagoglar va ta’lim metodistlari uchun foydali metodik tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.

Tadqiqot ishimizda, o‘zbek tilidagi zoonim komponentli frazeologik birliklarning uslubiy xususiyatlari borasida ish boriladi. Ishda “frazeologik norma” tushunchasiga berilgan taʼrif haqida fikrlar, misollar bilan tasdiqlanadi. Аna shu taʼrifdan kelib chiqib ishda frazeologik norma buzilishining quyidagi tiplari o ‘rganilgan:

This article explores the role and functions of vocatives within rhetorical discourse, emphasizing their communicative and functional dimensions. Drawing on a broad spectrum of theoretical and empirical studies, including works by Uzbek scholars (e.g., Alimov, 2018; Yusupova, 2020) and international researchers (Bühler, 1934; Hymes, 1974), it examines how vocative forms contribute to speaker–addressee engagement, persuasion strategies, and discourse cohesion. The analysis integrates insights from pragmatic theory, discourse analysis, and sociolinguistics to demonstrate the multifunctionality of vocatives in political speeches, academic lectures, and interpersonal communication. Special attention is paid to cultural and language-specific realizations in Turkic contexts, highlighting data drawn from Karakalpak, Uzbek, and Russian rhetorical traditions. By combining qualitative textual analysis with functional classification, the study offers a comprehensive framework for understanding how vocatives operate as dynamic tools of rhetorical positioning and audience management.

This narrative article examines the historical trajectory and socio-linguistic mechanisms underpinning the development of medical terminology within various media platforms. Beginning with early print and broadcast outlets, it explores how medical terms have been standardized, adapted, and popularized to bridge the gap between professional discourse and public understanding. Drawing on classification studies of media-borne medical terminology, etymological analyses of Latin-derived lexemes, and investigations into terminological challenges in Uzbek contexts, this work highlights key factors – such as translation practices, plain-language movements, and digital media dynamics – that shape the contemporary medical lexicon. Special attention is paid to contributions from Uzbek scholars and recent findings published in The Lingua Spectrum. By weaving theoretical perspectives with concrete examples, the article offers an integrated view of how media discourse both reflects and influences the evolving language of medicine.

The article examines the artistic representation of St. Petersburg in N.V. Gogol's "Petersburg Tales." It analyzes the complex and multi-layered image of the city as a spatial and sociocultural phenomenon. The key functions of Petersburg in the structure of Gogol's text are identified: social, symbolic, and mythopoetic. The role of the city in shaping the inner world of the characters and the author's philosophy is revealed. The conclusion is made that Petersburg in Gogol's work becomes a metaphor for the crisis of personality, bureaucratic alienation, and the absurdity of existence.