ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF PROJECT METHODS
IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Azamjonova Mubina
Student at Andijan branch of Kokand University
Superviser
Toshboyeva Barnokhon
Associate Professor at Andijan Branch of Kokand University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15746418
Abstract.
The given article is about using the project method in primary
education, which regulates the mental activity of the student at the highest level
of thinking, a complex process such as the creative combination of ideas and
possibilities, concentration and rethinking and reconstruction of information.
When choosing a project methodology in subjects, it should be borne in mind
that children of this age are characterized by high sensitivity, increased
excitability, uneven attention and mood.
Key words.
Mind, children, age, excitability, attention, observation, critical
thinking, skills, elementary school, students, design, techniques, modernization.
Modern education in the country is aimed at independent study and
analysis of knowledge, increasing the efficiency of the educational process.
At the same time, there is a need for the widespread introduction of a
systematic approach to the educational process through the improvement of
technologies for the use of design methods in primary education.
Primary school teachers must develop a technology for preliminary
planning of the technological chain, from the goals of the educational process to
the creation of a system for diagnostics and control over the process.
Since the design methods are based on the use of new tools and information
methods, their application ensures the fulfillment of modern requirements, the
organization of training content based on international standards.
The issues of personalization of the process of primary education, its
creative organization, modernization and integration of the content of primary
education were investigated by R. Safarova, B. Adizov, R. Nurjanova, N.
Khasanova, N. Dilova. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the
creative potential of students.
Such scientists as O. Rozikov, M. Makhmudov, B. Adizov, O. Tolipov
approached the organization of educational activities of students in the
education system from the point of view of theoretical skills.
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When choosing a project methodology in subjects, it should be borne in
mind that children of this age are characterized by high sensitivity, increased
excitability, uneven attention and mood.
Given that there is a social need for free observation and critical thinking
skills in elementary school students, we refined several design techniques
throughout the study.
This assumes that the teacher is recommending multi-step design methods
to students using e-learning tools.
In the primary grades, the design methodology is carried out in several
stages. Stages of the project methodology:
1-SEARCH STAGE. search and analysis of problems. Choosing a project
theme. step-by-step planning of project activities. collection, study and
processing of information related to the topic of the project.
2- STAGE OF DESIGN.
1. Find the most optimal solution to the project problem. 1.1 Study of design
options based on design requirements. 1.2 The choice of production technology
1.3 Economic assessment 1.4. environmental assessment. 2. Preparation of
design and technological documentation.
3- TECHNOLOGICAL STAGE.
1. Develop a plan for the implementation of the project, the selection of the
necessary materials, tools and equipment. 2. Execution of planned technological
operations. 3. Continuous quality control. 4. If necessary, making changes to the
design and technology.
4.- FINAL STEP.
1. Assessment of the quality of the project.
2.Analysis of the results of the project. 3. Study of the possibility of using the
results of design (exhibition, trade, submitting projects to the bank, publication).
Students need to be taught to think through the learning process using a
project-based method.
The teacher's task is only to create an environment that encourages any
kind of thinking.
In the process of teaching students the project method, you should pay
attention to the following:
- develop a unique point of view among students;
- the ability to substantiate the advantage of one opinion over another;
- the ability to solve complex problems;
- prove the dispute;
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- the ability to work together to develop a common idea;
- to study the influence of life experience on ideas and perceptions.
Involving students in the process of active thinking, solving a problem
situation, teaching them to rationalize logical processes will inevitably lead to
positive results in the assimilation of knowledge.
Using the project method in a lesson is not an easy task. This is the choice of
didactic methods in accordance with certain age groups, their rational use.
However, there is a specific set of learning environments that can be used to
develop student mindfulness skills. In the process of teaching students by the
project method, special attention should be paid to the following conditions:
1. Give time and opportunity to gain experience of logical and coherent
thinking;
2. Give students the opportunity to think;
3. Accept different ideas and opinions and teach them to accept the correct
opinion;
4. Allow students to actively participate in the educational process;
5. Convince students that they are capable of critical thinking.
Along with this, students:
1. Develop self-confidence and appreciate the value of their ideas and
opinions;
2. Actively participate in the educational process;
3. They should respectfully listen to different opinions;
4. They should be ready to form their own opinion or refrain from it.
The features of the didactic conditions in the process of teaching students
by the project method are:
situations that encourage independent thinking, selection of optimal
informative texts;
determine the problem that needs to be asked and solved in the situational
and problematic issue when choosing a project method;
rely on convincing evidence to assimilate educational material;
the content and volume of educational material correspond to the age and
level of development of the students.
One of the didactic forms in primary school is that although the lesson is
organized using a project-based method, each participant, without exception,
has their own ideas, values and confidence.
Consequently, thinking is achieved through the individual's orderly
character. Each student decides for himself what kind of thinking is needed.
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During the lesson, the project method is a motivator that encourages the student
to think critically. To create a complex idea, you need to process a lot of "raw
materials" - evidence, ideas, texts, theories, data, concepts.
Continuing education students of all ages will also have the ability to think
critically, and even first graders will have life experience and knowledge.
As a result of learning, children's thinking skills are improved. Even very
young children have the ability to think critically and think completely
independently.
It is thanks to critical thinking that the usual process of cognition acquires
individuality and clarity, consistency and efficiency.
Using project methods, students begin by asking a question and identifying
the problem to be solved.
Humanity is a curious creature by nature.
Whenever we feel any news, we definitely want to know its essence. When
we see historical buildings, we have a desire to get inside.
“Throughout the animal kingdom,” writes chemist and philosopher Michael
Polonius, “in the simplest form of an earthworm, perhaps even in an amoeba, we
find the action of eternal caution, a search activity that is not directly related to
the satisfaction of human needs. necessity: "we observe that every living being
seeks to intelligently manage his environment".
Curiosity is an essential feature of any living being. This feature is especially
strong in young children.
However, the real cognitive process at any stage is determined by the
student's ability to solve a problem, finding answers to questions that arise in
connection with their personal interests and needs.
From this it can be concluded that the primary school teacher, in leading
the pedagogical process, he or she should determine the scale of the problems
that students may face, and then prepare the students to formulate these
problems on their own.
Through the project method, learning should become a purposeful,
meaningful activity, and during this activity, students should be able to do real
mental work and solve life problems.
It is necessary to encourage their ability to analyze texts based on facts,
compare equally strong points of view and find answers to their questions using
the capabilities of the community, lays the foundation for building education
based on technological approaches.
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Using project-based methods, students receive assimilated material based
on compelling evidence.
In this process, the student may also be aware that there may be other
solutions, but the attempt to prove that the solution he chooses is the most
logical and reasonable for others, increases the effectiveness of the learning
process.
As of today, it has been revealed that the students of the country's
comprehensive schools have created all the pedagogical and psychological
conditions for the formation of critical thinking.
The formation of critical thinking in students with the help of elements of
innovation creates a real pedagogical process that combines pedagogical
activity, personality formation, and this process must be designed and
implemented in educational institutions using various educational concepts and
theories.
Analysis of general education curricula and textbooks shows that teachers
are trying to form critical thinking in students, but the requirements for the
formation of critical thinking are not clearly expressed in these curricula.
In the pedagogical process, the formation of critical thinking in students on
the basis of project methods should be based on the following pedagogical and
psychological factors:
in-depth analysis of individual psychological characteristics and, on this
basis, the optimal use of didactic tasks;
development and implementation of didactic materials aimed at the
formation of critical thinking;
mental operations in students: analysis, synthesis, etc.;
it is necessary to create a basis for students to demonstrate their abilities as
active participants in the spheres of public life through the formation of critical
thinking based on project methods;
The main emphasis in modern education should be placed on the choice of
teaching materials that form critical thinking of students, which requires the
correct choice of innovative methods in the educational process.
It would be helpful to include critical thinking activities in textbooks and
manuals developed for current programs.
Based on the foregoing, the following conclusions can be drawn. When
using design methods in primary education, you should pay attention to the
following:
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1. It is necessary to create a modern educational base in the process of
primary education in the republic.
2. The technology of using design methods in the process of primary
education should be implemented by teachers through the implementation of
special types of tasks, independent activities, and their effectiveness should be
based on certain criteria.
3. Effectively use non-traditional models of primary education: the
widespread use of a collaborative learning model, modeling, a research learning
model, etc.,
As well as the development of methodological packages that form reflective
observation among students, the organization of necessary exhibitions, the
creation of electronic educational resources, as well as increasing the quantity
and quality of training exercises.
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4. Matis T.A. Formation of motivation for learning: Kn. For teachers. –M., 1990. -
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Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика
