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DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SOUTH
MIRZACHOL MAIN CHANNEL USING HYDROMETRIC AND
CALCULATION METHODS
Umidjon Sadiev Abdusamadovich
tffd (PhD), Senior Researcher,
Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems
phone:(99) 434-43-28 sadiev_umid85@mail.ru
Jovliyev Uktam Temirovich
tffd (PhD), junior research fellow,
Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems
phone: (99) 788-52-85 jovlievuktam1985@gmail.com
Makhmudova Dilbar Ilhomjon kizi
researcher
Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems
Xayridinov Sardor Nutfullo ogli
researcher
Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15754767
Abstract.
This article presents an analysis of methods for determining the
efficiency coefficient of irrigation networks, identifying wasteful consumption of
water resources within them, and provides information on technologies for
increasing their effectiveness.
Key words:
filtration, evaporation, channel efficiency coefficient,
hydrometric method, balance method, volumetric method, calculation method.
Global climate change in Uzbekistan is leading to the following negative
consequences. In particular, an increase in the evaporation coefficient of water
as a result of rising temperatures is affecting the reduction and scarcity of water
resources in the regions;
The number of days without precipitation during the
year is increasing due to ecological stress; the risk of repeated droughts is
increasing due to reduced soil moisture and productivity indicators are falling;
the decrease in the volume of water flowing into the Aral Sea is accelerating the
desertification of the river delta and the emergence of new desert areas on the
dried-up seabed; dust pollution is increasing over large areas of atmospheric air;
changes in anomalous phenomena such as warming and cooling are leading to
the efficient use of water resources in agriculture [1].
A significant portion of the water diverted from the canal head is lost due
to seepage and evaporation before it reaches the fields. By calculating the Useful
Work Coefficient (UWC) of a canal, it is possible to determine the actual volume
of water that reaches the field and the proportion of water effectively delivered.
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To quantify water losses caused by seepage—i.e., infiltration into the soil—the
following methods are commonly employed [2,3]:
the hydrometric method determines the water loss between two levels through
hydrometric measurements along the length of the channel.
the balance method determines the water loss in a balance area by determining
the volumes of water entering and leaving the balance area at a given time.
in the volumetric method, selected intermediate dams are used to block both
sides of the channel, fill this gap with a certain volume of water, and determine
its loss. computational method. In this method, water loss is determined through
certain empirical and theoretical expressions. This method provides
approximate results and is mainly used in the design of canals.
To determine the UWC (Useful work coefficient) of a channel using the
hydrometric method, a certain section of the channel is selected. The locations of
the upper and lower levels in the selected section are determined [4,5].
The length of the selected section (section) is determined based on the following
formula.
L =
67.4∗𝑃
𝑖
𝜎∗√𝑛∗𝑃
(1)
where: L is the length of the selected section (section), km;
𝑃
𝑖
– measurement accuracy of individual water consumption, %;
𝑃
– accuracy of finding the loss, %;
𝜎
– water loss per 1 km of canal length (as a percentage of water
consumption);
n- number of measurements.
After the water flow is measured in the upper tank, the water flow in the
lower tank is also measured. The time it takes for water to reach the lower tank
from the upper tank is determined based on the following formula[6,7].
T=
𝐿
𝑉
ср
∗60
(2)
To measure water consumption, hydrometric posts are installed on the
upper and lower floors and water consumption is measured.
The water loss between the selected sections is determined by the
following formula.
S=Q
.yuq
-
∑ 𝑄
𝑢𝑟
+
∑ 𝑄
𝑡𝑎𝑠ℎ
– Q
past
(3)
where, Q
.yuq
and Q
past
are the water flows measured and lower levels, m
3
/s;
∑ 𝑄
ар
- the sum of water consumption of all water intake ditches within the
site, m
3
/s;
∑ 𝑄
𝑡𝑎𝑠ℎ
- the sum of water consumption discharged between the sections, m
3
/s.
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Once the absolute value of water consumption loss in a selected section is
determined, the relative losses for each kilometer of length are determined
using the following formula [8,9].
S
l
=
1000∗𝑆
𝐿
l/s at 1 km
( 4 )
The percentage of water loss per 1 km of measured water consumption is
determined by the following formula:
𝜎
=
𝑆
𝑙
𝑄
𝑢𝑟
*100
( 5 )
here,
Q
ur
=
Q
yuq
+Q
past
2
(6)
The Useful Work Coefficient (UWC) for a given site is determined using the
following formula:
UWC =
𝑄
𝑦𝑢𝑞
−𝑆
𝑄
𝑦𝑢𝑞
(7)
As mentioned above, the water loss due to filtration is determined by the
calculation method using certain empirical and theoretical expressions. As a
result of numerous field studies, the water loss due to filtration (as a percentage
of water consumption) per 1 km of canal length is determined by the following
formula [10, 9] .
𝜎
=
𝐴
𝑄
𝑚
(8)
where A is a parameter representing the percentage of water lost over a length
of 1 km when the water flow of the canal is 1.0 m
3 /s;
Q - canal water consumption, m
3
/s;
m- a parameter expressing the change in loss when water consumption
differs from 1.0 m
3 /s.
Below is the UWC of the South Mirzacho'l Main Canal (JMMK) We determine
it based on the formula 8, and to determine the values of A and m in the formula,
we use the table proposed by AN Kostyakov[5,9].
Table 1.
For the formula of AN Kostyakov,
𝜎
A and m coefficient
determination table.
No.
Grounds
A
m
1
Heavy (heavy loamy soil and clay)
0.7
0.36
2
Average (medium loam soil)
1.9
0.4
3
Light (sandy soil and light loamy
soil)
3.4
0.5
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According to AN Kostyakov, the JMMK soil is composed of medium loamy
soil, so A= 1.9 and m=0.4.
With a water flow of 230 m3/s
at
the beginning of the canal between PK 400 +00
and PK624 +00 , we determine the water loss due to filtration (as a percentage
of water flow) per 1 km of canal length using formula 8 [6,8] .
𝜎
=
1,9
230
0,4
=0.487%, for a length of 1.0 km of the channel.
The part of the canal that passes through the soil bed PK 400 +00 to PK624
+00 L =22.4 km. Therefore, the water lost to filtration in the 22.4 km soil bed
𝜎
is
= 0.487*22.4 = 10.90%, i.e. S=230*0.109=25.0.7 m
3
/s. Then the useful work
coefficient of the channel is
UWC =
𝑄
𝑦𝑢𝑞
−𝑆
𝑄
𝑦𝑢𝑞
=
230−25.07
230
=0.891
Methods proposed by other authors were also used to clarify the UWC of
the South Mirzachul Canal.
According to the expression of VV Vedernikov, the water consumption lost
to filtration over a length of 1.0 km in a calm water flow is determined by the
following formula:
for soil-based substrates
𝜃
𝑓
= 0.0116𝑘(𝐵 + 𝐴ℎ)
(10)
where,
𝜃
𝑓
- water consumption lost to filtration per 1 km length, m
3
/s;
k
— filtration coefficient of the soil at the bottom of the canal, measured in
m/s;
𝐵
- the width of the channel at a given water level, m;
𝐴
– coefficient depending on the V/h and slope coefficient of the channel;
ℎ
- depth of water in the channel, m.
According to the expression of NN Pavlovsky, the water consumption lost in
1.0 km of earthen canals is determined as a percentage of the water
consumption at the top level as follows [8,9,10] .
𝜎
=
1.16(𝑏+2ℎ)𝑘
𝜃
,
1.0 km in length as %
here,
k
— filtration coefficient of the soil at the bottom of the canal, measured in
m/s;
b – width of the channel bottom, m;
h – of water in the canal depth, m;
𝜃
– water consumption at the upper level of the canal, m
3
/s.
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The water loss due to filtration over a 1.0 km length of a canal with
concrete-lined bottom and banks is determined using the following formula, as
specified by SNiP regulations.
𝜃
𝑓
=0.0116
𝐾
𝑡
[𝑏(𝑑 + 𝑡) + 2𝑑 {
𝑑
2
+
𝑚𝑡
√1+𝑚
2
}] ∗ √1 + 𝑚
2
(9)
here,
𝜃
𝑓
- water consumption lost to filtration per 1 km length, m
3
/s;
𝑘
– filtration coefficient of concrete coating, m/s;
t - thickness of concrete cover, m;
b – channel width of the bottom, m;
d – depth of the channel at the calculated water flow rate, m;
m is the slope coefficient of the channel.
Determination of water loss for the part of the JMMK that passes through the soil
bed.
Table 2
Indicators
PK
400
+00
PK624
+00
1
2
Filtration coefficient of the soil at the bottom of the canal, k. ( m/s)
0.54
Length of the section, L, (km)
22.4
Channel width of the bottom, b , m
29
The width of the channel at a given water level, V, m;
67.0
The coefficient, A, depends on the channel's V/h and slope
coefficient.
2.31
On the channel of water depth , h , m.
6. 2
Water consumption lost to filtration per 1 km length,
𝜃
𝑓
,
m
3
/s
0.483
The channel's UWC (range PK 400 +00 - PK624 +00 )
UWC =
230−26.84
230
= 0.882
Suggestions for increasing the channel's UWC [11]:
1 Operational measures;
2. Measures to increase the level of UWC through construction;
3. Line the channels with filtration-reducing materials.
Operational measures:
Daily use of water in canals without dumping;
Continuous use of channels;
Timely repair of canals and cleaning of muddy sediments;
Cleaning of canals and banks from vegetation ;
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Avoid excessive use of channels.
Measures to increase UWC through construction:
maximum reduction of the length of the channels;
reducing the cross-sectional area of the channels;
Provision of anti-filtration and waterproofing screens. Monolithic concrete
covering;
laying reinforced concrete slabs;
asphalt coating;
Lining channels with filtration-reducing materials
In sections of canals with a high filtration coefficient (0.1 m/day), it is
recommended to cover them with the following materials[12]:
monolithic concrete covering;
laying reinforced concrete slabs;
asphalt coating;
covering the bottom of the channel with polymer films;
Natural or artificial clogging of the canal.
It is important to develop digital technologies for reliable and effective
management of water resources on the South Mirzachul Main Canal, develop
software for water balance calculations on the canal's water distribution, and
conduct scientific research to develop technologies for the effective and reliable
use of water resources on the canal.
List of used literature:
1.
Ilkhomjon Makhmudov, Umidjon Abdusamadovich Sadiev. Formation of a
geographic information system in the reliable management of water resources
of the Southern Mirzachul channel // E3S Web of Conf. Volume 410, 2023XXVI
International Scientific Conference “Construction the Formation of Living
Environment” (FORM-2023)/ 04015/ 8 / Published online 09 August 2023/
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341004015
2.
Umidjon Abdusamadovich Sadiev. A. Petrov Sealing Bitumen Moldings for
Eliminating Water Leakage Through Defective Butt Joints Between Trough
Elements // Power Technology and Engineering журнал Publisher: Springer
Nature /05 August 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s10749-023-01564-2
3.
Umidjon Sadiev, Rustamova M. Urban land reclamation problems: AIP
Conferenge
Proceedings
2432,
040042-1–040042-4;
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0091179 Published Online: 16 June 2022.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
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4.
Umidjon Abdusamadovich Sadiev, Oleg Glovatskiy. Establishment of
resource-saving modes of irrigation pumps// E3S Web of Conf. Volume 410,
2023 XXVI International Scientific Conference “Construction the Formation of
Living Environment” (FORM-2023)/ 05017/ 9 / Published online 09 August
2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341005017
