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INDICATOR-BASED EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR INCREASING
SYNERGIC EFFICIENCY OF LAND RESOURCE USE
Axmatov Abutolibxon Ochilxon ogli
Independent researcher at Karshi State Technical University
abutolibakhmatov06@gmail.com, orchid: 0009-0009-5121-3114
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16568730
Abstract:
This article analyzes the issue of increasing the efficiency of land
resource use through a synergistic approach. A methodology developed on the
basis of an indicator system for assessing synergistic efficiency is presented,
which allows taking into account economic, environmental and social indicators
of land resources. As a result of practical analyses conducted in the Kashkadarya
region, the interrelationships of indicators and their synergistic effect are
determined. This system is an important tool for making strategic decisions in
sustainable land resource management.
Keywords:
Land resources, indicator assessment, synergistic efficiency,
integrated approach, sustainable management, multi-criteria analysis,
Kashkadarya region.
Introduction:
Land resources are considered one of the strategic factors in
the economic, ecological and social life of mankind. Especially in countries with
an agrarian economy, the effective use of land resources plays an important role
in ensuring the country's food security, increasing employment and achieving
regional development. While traditional approaches are usually aimed at
assessing the economic efficiency of land area through separate indicators, based
on today's requirements, there is a need to assess it based on multi-factor,
interrelated indicators through a synergistic approach. Understanding the
synergistic efficiency of land resources is not only a joint analysis of the
productivity obtained from the land area, but also the level of ecological
sustainability, social benefits and technological coverage of this area. That is, the
basis of this approach is to determine the high level of benefit resulting from their
mutual harmony and joint effect, rather than the sum of individual indicators. In
this article, an indicator assessment system is developed for increasing the
efficiency of land resource use using the example of the Kashkadarya region. The
methodology aims to identify synergistic outcomes through the integration of
economic, environmental, and social indicators. The results will serve to
formulate scientifically sound approaches to integrated land resource
management and planning.
Literature review: In recent years, indicator systems have been widely used
to assess the efficiency of land resources. In international practice, the indicator
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system developed by FAO, OECD, and UNEP allows for a joint assessment of the
environmental and economic aspects of land resource use. For example, the “Land
Resource Efficiency Framework” model recommended by FAO (2020) aims to
assess indicators such as water consumption, soil degradation, and CO₂ emissions
in addition to land productivity. In modern approaches, the interaction between
indicators — synergistic relationships — is of great importance. In particular, the
indicator assessment models proposed by D. Bosselman (2019) and R. McKinney
(2021) identify the interaction of various factors and analyze the possibility of
achieving complex efficiency. This approach is especially relevant for the
agricultural sector, helping to identify the multi-purpose use of land. Although
there are a number of studies on the economic efficiency of land resources in
Uzbekistan, an indicator assessment system based on a synergistic approach has
not yet been sufficiently developed. In particular, A. Kholmirzayev (2022)
analyzed agro-economic indicators in assessing land fertility, while M. Turdiyev
(2023) developed an approach that takes into account environmental safety.
However, multi-criteria, mutually integrated and synergistic assessment systems
are not sufficiently used in practice. In this regard, the indicator assessment
system proposed in this study creates the opportunity to comprehensively
analyze the efficiency of land resource use not only by individual indicators, but
also by taking into account their synergistic effect. This serves as an important
scientific and practical basis for formulating sustainable development strategies.
Research methodology: In this study, an indicator assessment system was
developed based on a synergistic approach to increasing the efficiency of land
resource use. The object of the study was selected as the activities of dehkan farms
and farmers in districts with high agricultural potential of the Kashkadarya
region. The main goal was to assess the efficiency of land resource use through
complex indicators and determine a synergistic index based on their interaction.
At the first stage, the selection of indicators was carried out. The indicators were
divided into three main areas:
• Economic indicators: land fertility (sum/ha), gross product volume, level of
profitability.
• Environmental indicators: soil degradation rate, water consumption
(m³/ha), agrochemical use rate.
• Social indicators: land ownership rate, labor force employment, local
income growth dynamics.
At the second stage, empirical data on all indicators were collected. This was
based on data from the Kashkadarya regional agricultural department, statistics
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department, and land cadastre organizations. In addition, questionnaires and
field observations were conducted in 60 dehkan farms. At the third stage, the
indicators were normalized and a separate synergistic efficiency index was
calculated for each farm. At this stage, multi-criteria decision-making methods
(MCDM — Multi Criteria Decision Making) — in particular, TOPSIS, AHP, and
Entropy Weighting approaches — were used. The indices were evaluated in the
range from 0 to 1, which allowed them to be compared and grouped. Finally,
correlation analysis, regression models, and clustering (k-means clustering)
methods were used to determine the relationship between the indicators. This
approach allowed for an in-depth analysis of what factors are important for
effective land resource management.
Analysis and results: The results of the analysis showed that there is a large
difference in the level of land resource use and results among dehkan farms in the
Kashkadarya region. Based on the synergistic efficiency indices, farms were
divided into three categories: farms with high (0.7 and above), medium (0.4–0.69)
and low efficiency levels (below 0.4). Farms with high efficiency usually:
• using modern agricultural technologies,
• introduced water-saving technologies,
• land tenure rights are clear and stable,
• and their economic results were at a high level.
For example, in several dehkan farms in the Koson district, land productivity
was 17–20 million soums/ha, soil degradation was low, and water consumption
was normal. The synergy index in these farms was estimated at 0.8–0.9, which
indicates that the indicators are well-coordinated. On the contrary, farms with a
low level of efficiency had high indicators (for example, productivity), but very
low environmental or social indicators. This proves the superiority of the
synergistic approach: efficiency should be assessed not only on the basis of yield
or profit, but on the basis of complex factors. The results of the correlation
analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between the indicators. In
particular, farms with a high level of environmental sustainability also have high
economic results, which proves the correctness of decisions made on the basis of
a synergistic approach. A positive correlation was also found between
technological investment and labor employment. These results suggest that the
indicator assessment system serves as an important tool for determining
synergistic efficiency. It allows assessing the benefits of land resources not only
at the economic level, but also at the environmental and social levels.
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Conclusion and suggestions: The results of the study showed that traditional
approaches to assessing the efficiency of land use are insufficient. As a result of
assessing only on the basis of productivity or economic benefits, the sustainability
and long-term potential of the land are neglected. Therefore, it is necessary to
analyze the economic, environmental and social aspects of land resources in a
synergistic manner through an indicator assessment system. The indicator
system proposed in the study allowed for a deep and multifaceted assessment of
the efficiency of resource use. In particular, by identifying the interrelationships
between indicators, it was possible to identify synergistic effects. This serves to
make management decisions based on a reasonable and long-term perspective.
Based on the research, the following proposals were developed:
1.
Indicator evaluation systemIntegration into the activities of the
Ministry of Agriculture and the Land Resources Management Agency;
2.
Develop a synergistic efficiency index for each farm and create a
continuous monitoring mechanism;
3.
Environmental
sustainability
and
technological
innovationdevelopment of specialized territorial strategies for land use, taking
into account;
4.
Farms that have achieved high synergistic efficiencyencouragement
through preferential financial and technical assistance;
5.
Expand the use of digital platforms and artificial intelligence-based
systems in assessing the efficiency of land resource use.
In conclusion, the approach to determining synergistic efficiency based on
indicator assessment is an important tool for rational management of land
resources, ensuring agricultural sustainability, and making strategic decisions.
List of used literature:
1.
FAO. Land Resource Efficiency Framework. - Rome: FAO Publishing, 2020. -
37 p.
2.
OECD. Measuring the Sustainability of Land Use: Indicators for Resource
Efficiency. - Paris: OECD, 2021. - 42 p.
3.
Bosselman, D. Integrated Land Management Indicators: A Synergistic
Approach. - Sustainability Journal, 2019, Vol. 11(6), P. 1123–1134.
4.
McKinney, R. Multi-criteria Evaluation in Agricultural Land Use. – Journal of
Environmental Management, 2021, Vol. 289. – P. 112476.
5.
Kholmirzayev A. Factors for increasing land productivity in the agricultural
sector. – Journal of Economics and Innovations, 2022, No. 2. – P. 45–51.
6.
Turdiyev M. Issues of ecologically sustainable use of land resources. –
Agriculture and Ecology, 2023, No. 4. – P. 34–39.
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7.
Data from the Kashkadarya regional land resources department. – Karshi,
2024.
8.
QGIS Documentation. Geographic Information Systems for Land
Assessment. – Version 3.34. –www.qgis.org
