Том 4 № 44 (2025)

В статье рассматриваются вопросы создания инновационной среды в системе непрерывного образования нашей республики, основные цели научно-инновационной политики зарубежных стран, законы об инновационной деятельности, развитие инновационного образования.

Maqolada Qashqadaryo viloyatida sug‘oriladigan yerlarning unumdorligini oshirishda suv resurslaridan foydalanish samaradorligini iqtisodiy jihatdan tahlil qilish masalalari yoritilgan. Unda mavjud muammolar, resurslar sarfi va hosildorlik o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik, tomchilatib sug‘orish texnologiyalarining iqtisodiy afzalliklari tahlil etilgan. Tadqiqotda statistik ma’lumotlar, fermer xo‘jaliklari ko‘rsatkichlari va iqtisodiy modellardan foydalanilgan. Yakunda samaradorlikni oshirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.

In recent years, there has been an increase in clinical guidelines dedicated to the prevention of chronic diseases and their complications. These guidelines serve as a convenient "reference" encompassing modern data, defining scientific and practical directions, widely introducing preventive concepts within specialties, and improving clinical practice by at least 80%. Such directions and recommendations in glaucomatology are very rare or have not been developed at all for certain regions and populations. In preventive glaucomatology, studying the issues of optimizing the prevalence, clinical course, and treatment and prevention of acute glaucoma attacks is considered one of the urgent scientific topics.

This article analyzes both traditional and modern forms of cooperation between government bodies and civil society institutions. Based on international recommendations and practices of developed democracies, the paper explores opportunities for improving the national model. Emphasis is placed on digitalization, crowdsourcing, and the “listening state” concept.

This article explores the multifaceted development of Teacher Professional Identity (TPI) within the field of English Language Teaching (ELT), with a particular focus on teacher training practices in the context of Uzbekistan. Situated within the dynamic educational landscape of a post-Soviet, multilingual society, the study investigates how structured training programs, reflective teaching, and peer mentorship collectively shape teachers' evolving identities. The paper is informed by the author’s dual role as both a classroom teacher and a teacher trainer at a private learning center in Karshi, offering a unique insider perspective that blends personal narrative with professional inquiry.

Temuriy shaxzoda Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur otasi Umarshayx Mirzo vafotidan so`ng turli xiyonatlar oqibatida o`z yurtini tashlab, Kobulga ketishga majbur bo`ladi. Ammo Kobulda ham uzoq vaqt muqim o`rnasha olmaydi, natijada Hindiston sari yurish boshlaydi va 1526-yili egallaydi. Ushbu davlatni egallagach buyuk “Boburiylar” davlatiga asos soladi. Boburiylar sulolasidan yetuk va qudratli hukmdorlar yetishib chiqqan. Humoyunshoh ham shular jumlasidandir.

The article analyzes the role of modern interactive digital platforms in English language teaching and their effectiveness based on empirical research. Methodological foundations for the development of language skills - listening, reading, writing, and speaking - through the Duolingo, Quizlet, and Kahoot platforms have been developed and evaluated through experimental experience.

This article analyzes the issue of increasing the efficiency of land resource use through a synergistic approach. A methodology developed on the basis of an indicator system for assessing synergistic efficiency is presented, which allows taking into account economic, environmental and social indicators of land resources. As a result of practical analyses conducted in the Kashkadarya region, the interrelationships of indicators and their synergistic effect are determined. This system is an important tool for making strategic decisions in sustainable land resource management.

This study explores the integration of an AI-based personalized learning management system (LMS) into the teaching of microbiology and virology. As these disciplines require a strong synthesis of theoretical and practical knowledge, traditional educational models often fail to meet the needs of diverse learners. The research presents a comparative analysis between conventional and adaptive AI-supported instruction, detailing the design and implementation of an LMS platform tailored to students’ individual progress and learning profiles. Experimental results from a controlled study involving pre- and post-testing, user feedback, and statistical analysis demonstrate a significant improvement in knowledge acquisition and engagement among students using the AI-based LMS. The findings highlight the system’s effectiveness in enhancing motivation, providing real-time feedback, and delivering virtual laboratory simulations that closely mirror real-world practice. The study concludes with pedagogical recommendations and outlines future directions for AI integration in medical education.

The article explores the issue of developing creativity in school education, particularly in the work of native language and literature teachers, as well as methodological approaches that ensure the active participation of both teachers and students in this process. The main aim of the study is to analyze the process of fostering creativity among teachers and students of native language and literature through heuristic and interactive teaching technologies, and to identify opportunities for their effective application in school settings. The primary method used is the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, as well as the generalization and comparison of existing practices. The article provides a detailed discussion of the role of creativity in the activities of teachers and students when teaching native language and literature, the conditions for its formation and development, and the pedagogical techniques for transforming the classroom environment into a creative space.

Статья посвящена исследованию применения искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в борьбе с интернет-наркопреступлениями в Казахстане. В условиях растущей цифровизации и изменения правовых норм, использование ИИ в расследованиях предоставляет новые возможности для повышения эффективности правоохранительных органов. Основное внимание уделено возможности ИИ в анализе больших данных, моделировании следственных версий и прогнозировании действий преступников, что значительно ускоряет и улучшает качество расследований. Также рассматриваются проблемы этического и технического характера, такие как сохранение конфиденциальности данных и возможности замены человеческого анализа. В статье подчеркивается необходимость создания нормативной базы для интеграции ИИ в уголовный процесс, что обеспечит соблюдение прав человека и эффективность расследований. В заключение, утверждается, что ИИ способен существенно улучшить расследования интернет-наркопреступлений, обеспечивая более точное и оперативное принятие решений правоохранительными органами.

This paper explores developing culturally-aware AI models for Uzbek language education, emphasizing the integration of national values and oral traditions. Traditional language learning often neglects crucial cultural nuances, leading to proficient but culturally inept speakers. We argue that AI in language education must embed cultural understanding into its core, moving beyond homogenous datasets that risk bias. The text highlights Uzbek's rich linguistic and cultural landscape, rooted in values like hospitality and oral heritage (proverbs, epics). It outlines approaches for integrating these elements into AI through cultural annotation, knowledge graphs, and interactive modules. Challenges like data scarcity and algorithmic bias are discussed, alongside ethical considerations and evaluation frameworks to ensure authentic, effective, and culturally sensitive AI-powered language learning.

Chemotherapy of malignant neoplasms remains a key component in the treatment of oncological diseases, but is accompanied by a number of side effects, the most dangerous of which are toxic liver and kidney damage. These complications often limit the possibility of a full course of therapy, and in severe cases lead to the cancellation of treatment. Particularly pronounced organ toxicity is observed with the use of platinum series drugs ( cisplatin , carboplatin ), anthracyclines ( doxorubicin ), taxanes ( paclitaxel , docetaxel ), methotrexate and ifosfamide . Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of toxicity, as well as the search for ways to correct them, including through nutritional amino acid support, is an important area of clinical oncology.

Преступность — это постоянная общественная проблема, и каждая её форма требует глубокого анализа. Насильственные преступления, совершаемые женщинами, изучены менее подробно, чем мужская преступность. Тем не менее, понимание их особенностей и мотивов критически важно для предотвращения преступлений и обеспечения общественной безопасности. Исторически женщины чаще совершали экономические или мелкие правонарушения, но в последние годы данные об их участии в насильственных преступлениях привлекают всё больше внимания общественности.

Extensive listening plays a significant role in the process of acquiring a second language, particularly in enhancing pronunciation and fluency. Unlike intensive listening, which focuses on detailed comprehension and analysis, extensive listening immerses learners in authentic language input. This article explores the theoretical foundations, pedagogical implications, and practical applications of extensive listening in pronunciation and fluency development. Additionally, it draws on empirical studies and expert perspectives to highlight how sustained exposure to natural speech patterns facilitates automaticity, rhythm, intonation, and accurate articulation.

Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaq xalıq shayırı Xalila Dáwletnazarov shıǵarmalarındaǵı kórkem súwretlew usılları úyrenilip shıǵıldı. Stilistikalıq figuralardıń  ritorikalıq qaratpa, soraw, aliteraciya, epifora, onomatopiya túrlerine ayrıqsha toqtap ótildi. Olarǵa túsinikler berilip, mısallar menen dálillendi.

2016–2020-yillar oralig‘ida O‘zbekistonda yoshlar siyosatining mazmunan yangilanishi, huquqiy asoslarining mustahkamlanishi va amaliy mexanizmlarining takomillashuvi kuzatildi. Ayniqsa, Shavkat Mirziyoyevning Prezidentlik faoliyatining ilk yillarida yoshlar masalasi davlat siyosatining asosiy yo‘nalishlaridan biri sifatida e’tirof etildi. Ushbu maqolada “Yoshlar siyosati to‘g‘risida”gi qonunning huquqiy mohiyati, O‘zbekiston Yoshlar ittifoqining tashkil etilishi va faoliyati, “Yoshlar – kelajagimiz” dasturining samaradorligi hamda yoshlar bandligini ta’minlash mexanizmlari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada sintaktik transformatsiya tushunchasi va uning tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni tadqiq etiladi. Sintaktik transformatsiya gap va jumlalar tarkibidagi elementlarning o‘zaro joylashuvini hamda tuzilishini o‘zgartirish jarayonidan iborat. Maqolada sintaktik transformatsiyaning nazariy asoslari, asosiy turlari va gap tuzilishiga ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, transformatsiyalar vositasida tilning sintaktik tizimidagi murakkabliklarni soddalashtirish va yangi tuzilmalarni yaratish imkoniyati ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Mazkur tadqiqot sintaktik transformatsiya yordamida tilning sintaktik qoidalari va qonuniyatlarini yanada chuqurroq anglashga xizmat qiladi.

This article explores the most common surgical diseases encountered in the elderly population, highlighting their distinct clinical presentation due to age-related physiological changes. It discusses modern treatment approaches tailored to geriatric patients, with a focus on preoperative assessment, perioperative care, and postoperative outcomes. Emphasis is placed on age-specific factors such as comorbidities, delayed wound healing, and increased susceptibility to complications, aiming to improve surgical management and prognosis in elderly patients.

Cognitive biases and other cognitive errors, which are influenced by variables unique to patients, illnesses, healthcare systems, and physicians, are frequently the source of diagnostic errors. When diagnosing routine instances, an experienced physician utilizes non-analytic reasoning that is intuitive, effortless, and automatic. When diagnosing atypical or complex clinical cases, they use analytical reasoning that requires conscious cognitive effort. But it's impossible to totally prevent diagnostic errors [1,2]. It is best to use a variety of information sources to reduce the likelihood of diagnostic errors, such as the clinician's own experience, professional judgment, statistical principles, evidence-based data, and, if available, carefully thought-out algorithms and guidelines. In order to improve the clinician's diagnostic abilities and hence lower the chance of diagnostic error, it is also critical to regularly participate in introspective, metacognitive, and deliberate behaviors. This narrative review's objective was to draw attention to certain elements that affect the development of diagnostic mistakes [3,4]. 

This article analyzes the concept of autonomy shaped by digital technologies in relation to social disparities, technical biographies, and implicit skills. It provides empirical examples demonstrating that digital teaching practices – particularly those involving innovative approaches – are not equally effective for all social groups.

Кичик ва ўрта корхоналарда аудиторлик текшируви умумий стратегиясини ишлаб чиқиш аудитни режалаштириш жараёнининг ажралмас қисми бўлиб ҳисобланади. Аудит стратегияси - бу меҳнат, моддий ва молиявий ресурсларни мувофиқлаштириш ва тақсимлаш орқали аудиторлик хизматларини кўрсатиш тўғрисидаги шартномага мувофиқ ўз олдига қўйилган мақсадларга эришиш учун зарур бўлган аудиторлик текшируви гурухи раҳбарининг ҳаракатлари акс этирилган хужжат ҳисобланади.

Кичик ва ўрта корхоналарда аудиторлик текшируви умумий стратегиясини ишлаб чиқиш аудитни режалаштириш жараёнининг ажралмас қисми бўлиб ҳисобланади. Аудит стратегияси - бу меҳнат, моддий ва молиявий ресурсларни мувофиқлаштириш ва тақсимлаш орқали аудиторлик хизматларини кўрсатиш тўғрисидаги шартномага мувофиқ ўз олдига қўйилган мақсадларга эришиш учун зарур бўлган аудиторлик текшируви гурухи раҳбарининг ҳаракатлари акс этирилган хужжат ҳисобланади.

Amendments and additions to the law on the interaction between mahalla institutions and state authorities, and on the election of citizens' assembly chairpersons, are necessary. It is stated that the organisation and conduct of elections should be supplemented with new principles, as should the representation of citizens.

Amendments and additions to the law on the interaction between mahalla institutions and state authorities, and on the election of citizens' assembly chairpersons, are necessary. It is stated that the organisation and conduct of elections should be supplemented with new principles, as should the representation of citizens.

Дети с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) часто страдают от гастроинтестинальных (ЖКТ) симптомов, таких как запоры, диарея, вздутие и боль в животе, что может существенно усугублять поведенческие и коммуникативные трудности. Однако такие симптомы у данной группы нередко остаются недиагностированными из-за сложности взаимодействия и атипичного проявления боли. Стандартизированный инструмент, такой как шкала 6-GSI, позволяет объективно оценить выраженность ЖКТ-симптомов и связать их с поведением ребенка, способствуя более точной диагностике и своевременному лечению. Это особенно важно в контексте междисциплинарного подхода к ведению детей с РАС, где требуется учет как поведенческих, так и соматических проявлений.

Дети с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) часто страдают от гастроинтестинальных (ЖКТ) симптомов, таких как запоры, диарея, вздутие и боль в животе, что может существенно усугублять поведенческие и коммуникативные трудности. Однако такие симптомы у данной группы нередко остаются недиагностированными из-за сложности взаимодействия и атипичного проявления боли. Стандартизированный инструмент, такой как шкала 6-GSI, позволяет объективно оценить выраженность ЖКТ-симптомов и связать их с поведением ребенка, способствуя более точной диагностике и своевременному лечению. Это особенно важно в контексте междисциплинарного подхода к ведению детей с РАС, где требуется учет как поведенческих, так и соматических проявлений.

Ushbu tezisda rus va o‘zbek tillaridagi antonimlarning semantik tasnifi, xususan qarama-qarshiliklar orasidagi oraliq tushunchalarga e’tibor qaratgan holda tahlil qilingan. R.Shukurov, S.Usmonov, M.R.Lvov, D.N.Shmelev va boshqa olimlarning qarama-qarshiliklarning semantik munosabatlari haqidagi qarashlari o‘rganilgan.

Ushbu tezisda rus va o‘zbek tillaridagi antonimlarning semantik tasnifi, xususan qarama-qarshiliklar orasidagi oraliq tushunchalarga e’tibor qaratgan holda tahlil qilingan. R.Shukurov, S.Usmonov, M.R.Lvov, D.N.Shmelev va boshqa olimlarning qarama-qarshiliklarning semantik munosabatlari haqidagi qarashlari o‘rganilgan.

Выращивание ячменя с каждым годом увеличивается. В настоящее время в мире производится 145,8 миллиона тонн ячменя (Россия — 20,5, Австралия — 13,5, Франция — 12,1, Германия — 10,9, Турция — 9,2, Канада — 8,8 миллиона тонн). Хотя Узбекистан занимает относительно небольшую долю в производстве ячменя, стране удалось достичь роста урожайности (рисунки 1 и 2). В 2019 году посевная площадь составляла 14,8 тысячи гектаров, тогда как в 2023 году этот показатель сократился до 4 тысяч гектаров. Несмотря на это, объём производства увеличился со 133,5 до 172,2 тысячи тонн. [1]

Выращивание ячменя с каждым годом увеличивается. В настоящее время в мире производится 145,8 миллиона тонн ячменя (Россия — 20,5, Австралия — 13,5, Франция — 12,1, Германия — 10,9, Турция — 9,2, Канада — 8,8 миллиона тонн). Хотя Узбекистан занимает относительно небольшую долю в производстве ячменя, стране удалось достичь роста урожайности (рисунки 1 и 2). В 2019 году посевная площадь составляла 14,8 тысячи гектаров, тогда как в 2023 году этот показатель сократился до 4 тысяч гектаров. Несмотря на это, объём производства увеличился со 133,5 до 172,2 тысячи тонн. [1]

The article discusses the experience, features and characteristics of Singapore's modern anti-corruption policy, which served to strengthen the economic security of the state. The priority areas of Singapore's economic policy, which ensured the achievement of high results in the international arena, are also studied.

The article discusses the experience, features and characteristics of Singapore's modern anti-corruption policy, which served to strengthen the economic security of the state. The priority areas of Singapore's economic policy, which ensured the achievement of high results in the international arena, are also studied.

This thesis explores the transformative role of digital technologies in customs operations, focusing on the experience and strategies of the World Customs Organization (WCO). It provides a comparative analysis of "digital customs" and "electronic customs," outlines the benefits of adopting information and communication technologies (ICT), and highlights key innovations such as big data, telematics, and cloud computing. Drawing upon global practices and WCO frameworks, the thesis offers recommendations for enhancing the efficiency, security, and transparency of customs services through digital transformation.

This thesis explores the transformative role of digital technologies in customs operations, focusing on the experience and strategies of the World Customs Organization (WCO). It provides a comparative analysis of "digital customs" and "electronic customs," outlines the benefits of adopting information and communication technologies (ICT), and highlights key innovations such as big data, telematics, and cloud computing. Drawing upon global practices and WCO frameworks, the thesis offers recommendations for enhancing the efficiency, security, and transparency of customs services through digital transformation.

The article "The Real-World Relevance of Translation in International Relations and Commerce" explores the essential role of translation in facilitating diplomatic dialogue, trade negotiations, and cross-border business operations. In the context of globalization, accurate and culturally nuanced translation is critical for building trust, avoiding misunderstandings, and ensuring smooth communication between nations and commercial partners. The article highlights how professional translation supports legal contracts, international agreements, economic forums, and marketing strategies by bridging linguistic and cultural divides. It also examines case studies where poor translation led to diplomatic tensions or financial losses, underscoring the high stakes involved. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the strategic value of translators and interpreters as cultural mediators who contribute to international cooperation, policy development, and global economic growth.

The article "The Real-World Relevance of Translation in International Relations and Commerce" explores the essential role of translation in facilitating diplomatic dialogue, trade negotiations, and cross-border business operations. In the context of globalization, accurate and culturally nuanced translation is critical for building trust, avoiding misunderstandings, and ensuring smooth communication between nations and commercial partners. The article highlights how professional translation supports legal contracts, international agreements, economic forums, and marketing strategies by bridging linguistic and cultural divides. It also examines case studies where poor translation led to diplomatic tensions or financial losses, underscoring the high stakes involved. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the strategic value of translators and interpreters as cultural mediators who contribute to international cooperation, policy development, and global economic growth.

Gestational pyelonephritis is one of the most common nephrological complications during pregnancy, significantly affecting the general condition of the pregnant woman and the development of the fetus. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease, and its systemic analysis is crucial for understanding the specific immune responses associated with pregnancy. Macrophages are among the main effector cells in inflammatory processes and can polarize into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes. Detection of macrophage polarization using immunohistochemical markers such as CD68 and CD163 provides deeper insight into the pathogenesis of gestational pyelonephritis.

Gestational pyelonephritis is one of the most common nephrological complications during pregnancy, significantly affecting the general condition of the pregnant woman and the development of the fetus. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease, and its systemic analysis is crucial for understanding the specific immune responses associated with pregnancy. Macrophages are among the main effector cells in inflammatory processes and can polarize into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes. Detection of macrophage polarization using immunohistochemical markers such as CD68 and CD163 provides deeper insight into the pathogenesis of gestational pyelonephritis.

In the context of globalization, the study of legal regulation in cyberspace gains particular importance due to the increasing complexity of social interactions within digital environments. This article explores the methodological approaches to understanding law as applied to cyberspace, emphasizing the need for adequate terminological and conceptual frameworks. Special attention is given to the integration of dialectical, semiotic, and interdisciplinary methods, which facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the legal dynamics in information and communication systems. The research also highlights the correlation between legislative worldviews and the regulation of cyber relations, stressing the role of professional responsibility in the digital legal process.

In the context of globalization, the study of legal regulation in cyberspace gains particular importance due to the increasing complexity of social interactions within digital environments. This article explores the methodological approaches to understanding law as applied to cyberspace, emphasizing the need for adequate terminological and conceptual frameworks. Special attention is given to the integration of dialectical, semiotic, and interdisciplinary methods, which facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the legal dynamics in information and communication systems. The research also highlights the correlation between legislative worldviews and the regulation of cyber relations, stressing the role of professional responsibility in the digital legal process.

This thesis analyzes the risk of boric acid crystallization in the core of a VVER reactor under prolonged beyond-design-basis accident conditions. Unlike conservative approaches, this study uses a refined mathematical model that accounts for the removal of boric acid due to its solubility in steam. The aim is to evaluate the impact of this mechanism on the final concentration of boric acid and to assess the effectiveness of a design solution involving the reduction of initial boron concentration in Stage 3 hydroaccumulators (HA-3). The results indicate that considering steam-phase solubility significantly reduces the crystallization risk; however, additional measures are still required for complete elimination of the hazard.

This thesis analyzes the risk of boric acid crystallization in the core of a VVER reactor under prolonged beyond-design-basis accident conditions. Unlike conservative approaches, this study uses a refined mathematical model that accounts for the removal of boric acid due to its solubility in steam. The aim is to evaluate the impact of this mechanism on the final concentration of boric acid and to assess the effectiveness of a design solution involving the reduction of initial boron concentration in Stage 3 hydroaccumulators (HA-3). The results indicate that considering steam-phase solubility significantly reduces the crystallization risk; however, additional measures are still required for complete elimination of the hazard.

this article covers effective methodological methods for the development of literary and logical thinking in readers through Proverbs. It is justified that proverbs can be used as didactic material in language and literature lessons as a product of folk wisdom. The article analyzes the role of proverbs in the formation of aesthetic and logical thinking skills, the development of the culture of oral and written speech in students, as well as spiritual and educational upbringing. Development of creative thinking, logical link identification, comparison and inference skills in students through methodological recommendations compiled on the basis of interactive and innovative approaches opportunities are shown.

this article covers effective methodological methods for the development of literary and logical thinking in readers through Proverbs. It is justified that proverbs can be used as didactic material in language and literature lessons as a product of folk wisdom. The article analyzes the role of proverbs in the formation of aesthetic and logical thinking skills, the development of the culture of oral and written speech in students, as well as spiritual and educational upbringing. Development of creative thinking, logical link identification, comparison and inference skills in students through methodological recommendations compiled on the basis of interactive and innovative approaches opportunities are shown.

The main goal of this study is to examine the psychopedagogical impact on the academic performance of students with addictive behavior in higher education institutions. In the learning process, the psychological state of the student, motivation, and individual characteristics play a significant role. Addictive behavior can have a negative effect on students' academic efficiency. This research analyzes how addictive behavior influences the psychological and social environment within the educational process and what obstacles it creates for academic activity.

The main goal of this study is to examine the psychopedagogical impact on the academic performance of students with addictive behavior in higher education institutions. In the learning process, the psychological state of the student, motivation, and individual characteristics play a significant role. Addictive behavior can have a negative effect on students' academic efficiency. This research analyzes how addictive behavior influences the psychological and social environment within the educational process and what obstacles it creates for academic activity.

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ushered in a new era for education systems around the world. From personalized learning to administrative efficiency, AI offers numerous benefits. However, its integration into classrooms and learning environments also raises critical concerns related to data privacy, ethics, equity, and the human aspect of education. This paper explores both the positive and negative dimensions of AI in education and presents recommendations for a responsible and balanced integration of AI technologies in learning contexts.

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ushered in a new era for education systems around the world. From personalized learning to administrative efficiency, AI offers numerous benefits. However, its integration into classrooms and learning environments also raises critical concerns related to data privacy, ethics, equity, and the human aspect of education. This paper explores both the positive and negative dimensions of AI in education and presents recommendations for a responsible and balanced integration of AI technologies in learning contexts.

Урогенитальные инфекции (УГИ) являются одной из ключевых причин осложненного течения беременности. В статье рассмотрены патогенетические механизмы влияния инфекций на организм матери и плода, а также приведён анализ клинических проявлений и осложнений при наличии УГИ у беременных женщин. Представлены современные подходы к диагностике, лечению и профилактике урогенитальных инфекций в акушерской практике.

Урогенитальные инфекции (УГИ) являются одной из ключевых причин осложненного течения беременности. В статье рассмотрены патогенетические механизмы влияния инфекций на организм матери и плода, а также приведён анализ клинических проявлений и осложнений при наличии УГИ у беременных женщин. Представлены современные подходы к диагностике, лечению и профилактике урогенитальных инфекций в акушерской практике.

In modern laboratory diagnostics, various technologies are used to analyze blood samples. Among them, the use of dried bloodstain (DBS) samples has advantages: they are easy to assemble, easy to transport and store for a long time. However, the reliability of the DBS sample analysis results is directly related to how they were stored and under what conditions they were transported [1,2,3]. This paper will consider the conditions for maintaining the stability of DBS samples and their impact on the results of screening tests. DBS samples are bloodstains dripping and dried on special filter paper, which are mainly used in infant screening, infectious disease diagnosis, and pharmacokinetic studies. This method increases safety when working with biomaterials and simplifies logistics. However, storage and transportation of DBS samples directly affect the reliability of the analysis results [4,5].

Ushbu maqolada Mamlakatimizda yangi davr, yangi zamon boshlanganligini bugungi kunda amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar, Prezidentimiz Sh.Mirziyoevning Yangi O‘zbekiston taraqqiyot strategiyasida ilgari surilgan tamoyillar va vazifalar, Ajdodlarimizning ma’naviy merosini qayta tiklash va ulardan yoshlarni tarbiyalashda foydalanish, ularning ma’naviy-ma’rifiy olami aks ettirilgan.

The most important thing in a beauty salon is the organizational component. But still, compliance with sanitary standards is still at the top of everything. This is the point of contact between the staff and the client, so the services should be provided at the highest level. To ensure maximum safety and comfort for salon visitors, it is worthwhile to familiarize yourself with the prescribed sanitary standards and follow them strictly. The main provisions can be found below [1].

ushbu maqola o‘zbek va qirg‘iz tillaridagi somatik frazeologizmlarning tarixi, kelib chiqishi, tilshunoslikdagi ahamiyati atroflicha o‘rganiladi hamda ikki qardosh til tarkibida mavjud bo‘lgan frazeologik birliklar pragmatik jihatdan tahlil qilinadi.