ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
154
DETECTION OF MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION IN GESTATIONAL
PYELONEPHRITIS USING CD68 AND CD163 MARKERS
Tojiboev Temur Topvoldi o‘gli
a
ssistant, Andijan state medical institute
Adashbekova Muslima Nodirbek qizi
assistant, Andijan state medical institute
.
Mamataliyev Avazbek Ruziboyevich
PhD in Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Andijan State Medical Institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16716564
Relevance of the issue
Gestational pyelonephritis is one of the most common nephrological
complications during pregnancy, significantly affecting the general condition of
the pregnant woman and the development of the fetus. Inflammation plays a
central role in the pathogenesis of this disease, and its systemic analysis is
crucial for understanding the specific immune responses associated with
pregnancy. Macrophages are among the main effector cells in inflammatory
processes and can polarize into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-
inflammatory) phenotypes. Detection of macrophage polarization using
immunohistochemical markers such as CD68 and CD163 provides deeper
insight into the pathogenesis of gestational pyelonephritis.
Objective
To assess the degree of macrophage polarization using CD68 and CD163
markers in cases of gestational pyelonephritis and to evaluate the impact of
these changes on inflammation and fibrotic processes.
Materials and Methods
Kidney tissue samples (n=42) obtained from autopsies of pregnant women
who died between 2020 and 2023 were analyzed. The cases were divided into
primary and recurrent gestational pyelonephritis groups. Immunohistochemical
analyses were performed using CD68 and CD163 markers. The number of
positively stained macrophages per slide was counted, and statistical analysis
was conducted (p<0.05 was considered significant).
Results
The study revealed macrophage polarization in the kidney tissues of
patients with gestational pyelonephritis as determined by CD68 and CD163
expression. CD68 expression indicated a high level of general macrophage
infiltration, confirming the intensity of the inflammatory process. Additionally,
CD163-positive macrophages were predominantly located in fibrotic areas,
suggesting a shift toward the M2 macrophage phenotype. The increase in M2
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
155
macrophages around nephrons is likely associated with tissue remodeling and
interstitial fibrosis.
Moreover, differences were observed in the expression patterns of CD68
and CD163 between primary and recurrent pyelonephritis cases. In recurrent
cases, CD163 expression was more prominent, indicating deeper progression of
fibrotic changes. These findings suggest that, within the immunological context
of pregnancy, CD68 and CD163 markers can provide valuable insights into the
duration and nature of the immune response in gestational pyelonephritis.
Conclusion
Macrophage polarization in gestational pyelonephritis has significant
clinical relevance. The use of CD68 and CD163 markers enables evaluation of the
stages of inflammation and fibrosis. In primary cases, M1 macrophages
predominated, whereas in recurrent cases, an increase in M2 macrophages was
observed, indicating intensified tissue remodeling and fibrotic activity. These
data support the potential development of novel pathogenetically targeted
therapies based on the modulation of macrophage polarization.
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