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METAPHOR AS A PART OF COMPARATIVE LINGUISTCS AND ITS
TYPES
Komilakhon Iskandarova
Teacher of Secondary School N 263
+998 99 255 1665
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16932659
Abstract:
In language studies, it's important to investigate the role of
metaphor in identity formation. A metaphor is defined as the use of words or
word combinations in a way that does not convey the literal meaning. Because of
this, we can conclude that metaphor has a linguistic identity and serves as a
point of view. This study employs qualitative research, which does not rely on
statistical or calculating methods to obtain findings.
Key words:
metaphor, comparative linguistics, figurative language,
linguistics, comparison, function
Introduction
The research focuses on flexible and adaptable data. This allows for changes
to the data structure during ongoing research. The study found that metaphors
reveal metaphorical meanings. Metaphor is related to other figurative language,
including metonymy and personification. Metaphors can be studied and
analyzed as language elements or phrase constructions. Language studies show
that metaphors include both literal and imaginative terms.
Linguistics comprises several subfields, including phonetics, morphology,
syntax, and semantics. Phonetics is the study of how a language's sounds are
articulated. In morphology, we discuss how words are created and constructed.
Syntax is the study of sentence structure and construction. Semantics examines
the meaning of words in a language, including literal and figurative
connotations. Lahay (2022) discusses the use of figurative language, including
metaphor, to investigate non-literal meaning. Metaphor refers to the use of
language to suggest a relationship between unrelated concepts (Knowles and
Moon in Nuryanti, 2019). Metaphors fall into two categories: universal and
culturally particular. The semantic field of global metaphors is stable across
languages and civilizations worldwide. Culturally-related metaphors have a
semantic scope that is unique to a certain language and culture. Every linguistic
occurrence, including metaphors, has a cause or motive. Understanding these
phenomena can be achieved by prior information or experiences.
Main Part
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This study used a qualitative research method. According to Creswell and
Creswell (2018), qualitative research findings are not generated by statistical
methods or other forms of calculation, as is the case with quantitative research.
The research question deals with bendable and malleable data. This allows you
to change the data structure while the investigation is still in progress.
Qualitative research tries to comprehend the phenomena that study subjects
encounter on a more holistic level, such as perceptual behavior, motivation,
action, and so on. This research uses language to describe phenomena and gain
an understanding of them. When performing qualitative research, the researcher
is the investigation's principal instrument.
The researchers will go out into the field to collect the data themselves. As
researchers gather information, they refer to it as qualitative data. Qualitative
data refers to information gathered about actual happenings in the field. The
researchers will then process the data to find answers to the questions they
presented. Words and actions are usually the key sources of data in qualitative
research. However, additional material in the form of written data and images
may be required. The two main ways of data collection are research into existing
works and inspection of existing material. When the data was processed, the
researcher in this study provided a descriptive explanation.
A complete metaphor is often used in conjunction with a sentence
containing a metaphor. This is shown by the fact that tenors and vehicles were
positioned concurrently. The primary phrase is referred to as the tenor, and the
second term as the vehicle. Tenor refers to something compared, while vechile
refers to something utilized for comparison. In other cases, authors may only use
one of the two methods (Bargh, 2006). Metaphorically speaking, there are two
components. Metaphor differs from metaphor in that it is viewed from a limited
perspective.
In the first interpretation, metaphor refers to a parallel figure of speech,
metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole, or other similar methods. A second school of
thinking sees metaphor as a symbolic use of slang. Metaphors can be classified
as linguistic or literary. Literary metaphors are more imaginative and open to
interpretation than verbal metaphors, which are predictable.
According to Sitanggang et al.'s research (2022), Beekman and Callow
identified three components of a metaphor. The first is the subject, which refers
to the topic or issue under discussion. The second component of a figure of
speech is the picture, which represents the subject matter in comparison.
Finally, the point of similarity is the portion that shows how the subject matter
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and image are comparable. Sometimes the metaphor's three components are not
well articulated. In certain cases, one of the three components (subject, picture
section, or similarity point) is presumed to be known. Swandewi et al. (2021)
identified four types of metaphors based on the image utilized. Metaphors are
classified into four types: metaphors with anthropomorphic images, metaphors
with animal images, metaphors with abstract to concrete images, and metaphors
with synesthesia (the exchange of sensory reactions and experiences).
Anthropomorphism-related metaphors are commonly used. The language
users want to know how similar the experience is to their own or their bodies.
Anthropomorphic metaphors, such as "mouth of the bottle," "heart of the city,"
and "shoulder of the road," are common throughout languages. Language users
often employ animal metaphors to portray natural conditions and realities,
based on their own experiences. Plants are sometimes described using animal
metaphors, such as "cat whiskers," "aloe vera," and "elephant ears." This
metaphor typically compares humans with amusing, sardonic, disparaging, or
unusual connotative images. Consider the Jungle Representative Council (MPR).
The third issue is that metaphors are abstract rather than concrete.
Metaphors can help make abstract ideas more concrete. In many cases, the
expression transfer is still understandable, but in others, etymological tracing
must be addressed to meet metaphors. For example, the word "lightning quick"
refers to a very fast pace. The metaphor of synesthesia, which refers to the
transmission of sensations, is an example of this type of metaphor. In ordinary
language, the expression "pleasant to hear" is commonly used to describe music,
while "excellent" is typically connected with taste.
Conclusion
Understanding metaphors requires experience. Metaphor is defined as
anything with figurative meaning. It is related to other types of figurative
language, including personification and metonymy. Metaphor can be studied as a
field of linguistics, analyzing language parts and structures. Linguistic research
indicates that metaphors consist of both literal sentences and metaphorical
ones. Metaphors use both forms of language, as evidenced by this finding.
Metaphor relies on a clear understanding and communication of its meaning.
This can be accomplished by determining the type of thing that can be
figuratively portrayed. Understanding requires the use of the fundamental
concept of comparison. For example, the words "A is B" and "A is the same as B"
are considered equivalent. Metaphor encompasses all meanings with
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comparative connotations. This strategy relies on understanding metaphors
through cognitive processes.
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