ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
18
USE OF RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY
Umarov A.V.
Tashkent State Transport University,
professor
Kamilov Sh.Kh.
National University of Uzbekistan,
associate professor
Kasimova G.A.
Tashkent state transport university,
associate professor
gulnoratash2019@list.ru
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14033170
It is clear to all of us that our need for electricity on a global scale is
increasing day by day. If we take the last five years, the world's electricity
demand is increasing by 50% every year. This requires the increase and
development of alternative energy types. If we pay attention to the information
of the International Energy Agency, if the use of solar energy develops at such a
pace, by 2050, it will be possible to meet 25% of the world's electricity needs at
the expense of solar energy, and it will be possible to reduce the carbon dioxide
gas released into the environment by 6 billion tons per year.
Renewable energy is energy collected from renewable sources that
replenish naturally over time. It includes sources such as sunlight, wind, water
movement and geothermal heat. While most renewable energy sources are
sustainable, some are not. For example, some biomass energy sources are
considered unsustainable in their current operation. Renewable energy often
generates energy to generate electricity for the grid, air and water heating and
cooling, and self-contained energy systems.
From 2011 to 2021, renewable energy has grown from 20% to 28% of the
global electricity supply system. Fossil energy decreased from 68% to 62%, and
nuclear energy from 12% to 10%. The share of hydropower decreased from
16% to 15%, while solar and wind energy increased from 2% to 10%. Biomass
and geothermal energy grew between 2% and 3%. 135 countries have installed
3,146 gigawatts, while 156 countries have developed laws regulating the
renewable energy sector. There are more than 10 million jobs globally related to
the renewable energy industry. Among them, solar photovoltaic is the largest
employing system of renewable energy sources.
Today, the process of energy production in renewable energy systems is
carried out much faster and more efficiently. Therefore, the price of energy is
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
19
decreasing, and their share in the total energy consumption is increasing. Most
of the new electricity installed worldwide is from renewable sources.
Photovoltaic solar energy or wind energy has already become the cheapest
source of electricity in many countries.
Many countries around the world have renewable energy sources.
Renewable energy accounts for more than 20% of their total energy supply. And
some generate more than half of their electricity from renewable energy
sources. Several countries generate almost all of their electricity using
renewable energy. National renewable energy markets are expected to continue
to grow strongly in the 2020s and beyond. Studies have shown that a global
transition to 100% renewable energy is feasible in all sectors - power, heat,
transport - and is economically very beneficial. The implementation of
renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies will have significant
benefits in the areas of energy security, climate change and the economy.
However, renewables continue to be hampered by fossil fuel subsidies. During
the study of international public opinion, it has been proven that renewable
sources such as solar energy and wind energy are sufficient to meet the needs of
the population. Therefore, the International Energy Agency said that in 2021,
more efforts should be made to increase renewable energy sources, and until
2030, the production of these sources will be approximately He emphasized the
increase by 12%.
Renewable energy technology projects are usually large-scale, but they are
also suitable for rural, remote areas and developing countries where energy is
often crucial to human development. Because most renewable energy
technologies are powered by electricity, renewable energy is often used
interchangeably with the term electrification. China will account for almost half
of global renewable electricity growth in 2021. Unlike fossil fuels (oil, natural
gas, etc.), renewable energy is not used up faster than it takes to replenish it.
Significant opportunities for renewable energy and energy efficiency are
available over large geographic areas, unlike other energy sources that are
concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid implementation of
renewable energy and energy efficiency, technological diversification of energy
sources will significantly benefit energy security and the state budget
economically. Nowadays, the cost of solar and wind energy has become much
cheaper. In some cases, switching to these sources is becoming cheaper than
continuing to use current fossil fuels. It also reduces environmental pollution,
such as air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels, and improves public health.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
20
It would reduce premature deaths from pollution and save trillions of dollars in
health care costs each year. Many analyzes of decarbonization strategies have
shown that implementing the above strategies with health benefits can
significantly reduce costs.
The continued decline in the cost of renewable energy equipment, such as
wind turbines and solar panels, will lead to an increase in the use of renewable
energy sources. The government's new cost containment policies helped the
industry weather the global financial crisis better than many other sectors.
According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, the total share of
renewable energy sources (including power, heat, and transportation) in this
century in the industry will need to be "better than" (less than 2.0 °C (3.6 °F))
the increase in average global temperature compared to previous levels. taking)
should grow six times faster. Home solar panels and batteries can often be used
for that home or combined with other homes if connected to the grid. More than
44 million households use home-produced biogas for lighting or cooking. And
more than 166 million households have started using the new generation of
more efficient biomass stoves. According to the study, a country needs to reach a
certain point in its growth before using renewable energy. Ban Ki-moon, the
eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations, noted that renewable energy has
the ability to lift the poorest countries to a new level of prosperity. At least 30
countries around the world have more than 20% of their energy supply from
renewable sources. Renewable energy often replaces four sectors that use
conventional fuels: electricity generation, hot water, transportation, and
agricultural (off-grid) energy services. By 2021, more than a quarter of
electricity will be produced from renewable sources.
Solar water heating is an important contribution to renewable heat
sources in many countries, especially in China. In China, most of these systems
are installed in multi-family residential buildings. In China, this energy source
meets part of the hot water needs of approximately 50-60 million households.
Total solar water heating systems installed worldwide meet part of the water
heating needs of more than 70 million households. In Sweden, the use of
biomass energy has surpassed oil-based energy sources. Heat pumps provide
water heating and cooling. Nowadays, renewable heat energy is also growing
rapidly. About 10% of the energy used for water heating and cooling comes from
renewable sources. One move to decarbonize transportation is the increased use
of electric vehicles (EVs). Less than 4% of transport energy comes from
renewable sources.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
21
Economical use of fuel sources mechanical energy, therefore, electrical
energy striving to reduce the cost of acquisition, continuously Wind is a
renewable energy source using energy on a large scale came Energy of
Uzbekistan at the present time 19,000 industrial, 80,000 agricultural, 19
thousand communal and 3.5 million households provides consumers with
energy.
The sun's rays reach the earth every year, equal to 62
1016 kWh of energy.
brings energy. 60 percent of this energy is the earth's atmosphere, 25.5 percent
is the ocean and sea, 14.5 percent will be spent on land heating. 2.5 percent of it
is mechanical wind to energy, 0.14 percent to mechanical energy of river
movement, 0.12 percent to various fuel wood, peat, coal, oil and chemical energy
of combustible shale becomes If we take into account that the cross-sectional
area of the Earth is 127.6
106 km2, the energy of falling sunlight is 176.6
1012
kW, that is, to the earth in one year 1.56
1018 kWh
1.6
1018 kWh solar energy
falls.
The golden rays of the sun are 150,000 billion kilowatt hours of wind per
year to our earth energy, 33,000 billion kWh of water energy. And in the forests
220,000 billion kilowatt-hours of energy are collected annually due to sunlight.
From this besides, due to solar energy, it has been huge on earth for thousands
of years energy reserves are accumulated. For example, it lies in the lap of our
planet 3,580,000 billion kWh in coal, 480,000 billion kWh in peat, combustible
700,000 billion kWh of energy in shale, 80,000 billion kWh of energy in natural
gas stock available. At present, humanity uses one thousandth of these huge
reserves per year uses even less than Today, the sun is a giant nuclear reactor
similarity is known, in which a nuclear reaction occurs at high pressure and
temperature. As a result of this reaction, hydrogen turns into a helium nucleus,
and the sun the temperature in the active zone of the reactor exceeds 10 million
degrees.
This reaction in the sun producing 560 million tons of helium per second
released 4 million tons of hydrogen converts into energy. The sun far from using
energy they have tried in the past. Ancient Greek scientist Archimedes of the sun
light through a system of mirrors, burning the ships of the Romans write in the
history that he sent left Outside of solar energy countries on a large scale is
being used. of Northern France Physic-chemist Felex in Odeysda Sun led by
Tremba power plant was built, and its power 1100 kW, the temperature that
generates and reaches 3800 degrees. 1816 Robert Stirling of Iceland powered by
a solar device had created the solar engine. 1954 American Ges Repot and Bruce
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
22
The skins are directly exposed to sunlight ease of use of the aircraft expressed
his opinion. 20 years later Later, London confirmed the correctness of this idea
College researchers in practice proved.
In short, Alternative Energy Harvesting shows that today's factories can
use a lot of electricity. This will pave the way for the development of our
country's economy. All these energies are renewable energies. Although each of
these are small power plants, their useful operating coefficients are smaller than
NPP, IES, HPP, but they are distinguished by their environmental cleanliness.
Through this, we distinguish the environment with ecological purity and
economic activity.
Therefore, today, the use of solar energy is the most optimal and ecologically
clean type of energy. Although solar energy is theoretically harmless to the
environment, its use has the potential to change the albedo of the Earth's
surface. At present, the amount of energy received from the Sun is unlikely to
change the albedo, because the amount of energy consumed by the Sun is very
small.
References:
1. O. X. (2023). Issiqlik bilan ta‟minlashda qayta tiklanadigan energiya
manbalaridan foydalanish. arxitektura, muhandislik va zamonaviy
texnologiyalar jurnali, 2(4), 23-25.
2. Омонкулов, ОХ (2022). Айматов РР. Би-би-си , 22 , 92.
3. Usmonov, S. A., Omonqulov, O. X., & Taniberdiyev, S. X. (2023). Mahalliy kichik
qozonlarda issiqlik samaradorligini oshirishni tadqiq qilish. Arxitektura,
muhandislik va zamonaviy texnologiyalar jurnali, 2(3), 93-96.
4. Khaydarovich, F. Z., & Zakirjanovna, Y. S. (2022). PASSIVE AND ACTIVE
SYSTEMS IN THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY. Open Access Repository, 8(04), 114-
118.
5. Рашидов, Ю.К., & Файзиев, З.Х. (2019). Самодренируемые
гелиоустановки: опыт разработки и применения в мировой и
отечественной практике.
6. Узбоев, М. Д., & Файзиев, З. Х. (2021). Экономия энергоресурсов,
эффективное использование возобновляемых источников энергии.
Universum: технические науки, (2- 4 (83)), 8-10.
7. Zakirjanovna, Y. S., & Valerevna, V. K. (2023). QUYOSH energiyasini hozirgi
kundagi O'zbekiston respublikasidagi o'rni. O'zbekistonda fanlararo
innovatsiyalar va ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnali, 2(20), 639-643
