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International scientific-online conference
151
IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE SALINITY LEACHING AND IRRIGATION
TECHNOLOGY ON SALT BALANCE IN EXPERIMENTAL FIELDS.
B.N.Atamurodov
U.A.Juraev
Bukhara Institute of Natural Resources Management of the National Research
University of Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural
Mechanization Engineers
e-mail: atamuroovbn1994@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14024428
Abstract:
This article presents the results of field experiments on salt
leaching and water-saving irrigation technology for cotton in the heavily saline,
heavy loam soils of the long-irrigated alluvial meadows of Bukhara region. The
study evaluates salt balance, with results showing that salt content decreased by
3.3 t ha
-1
in the second variant and by 7 t ha
-1
in the third variant compared to
the control.
Keywords:
saline soils, deep loosening, perforated drainage, vegetation
period, salt balance, salt leaching, cotton irrigation.
Introduction.
In irrigated agriculture, soil compaction is primarily
attributed to improper management of agronomic and irrigation practices on
irrigated land. This leads to compaction (hard layers) and gypsum formation,
causing saline buildup and a higher bulk density in these soils compared to
others. Consequently, such soils are difficult to reclaim and have low fertility.
Saline soils pose significant challenges in agriculture, as salinization
markedly reduces soil productivity. Soil salinization refers to the accumulation
of high concentrations of salts within the soil. This condition inhibits plant
growth and development by hindering water and nutrient uptake. Salt leaching
is one of the key processes used to address such issues, aiming to flush out salts
from the soil using water.
The purpose of the study.
The objective of this study is to enhance the
efficiency of salt leaching through deep loosening and the creation of perforated
drainage channels in the heavily saline, difficult-to-reclaim heavy loam soils of
the Bukhara region. Additionally, it aims to develop a scientifically based
irrigation regime using water-saving technology for irrigating the “Bukhara-8”
cotton variety in saline soils.
The object of the study.
The research focuses on the heavily saline,
difficult-to-reclaim heavy loam soils of the Bukhara region. This includes
evaluating the effectiveness of salt leaching through deep loosening and
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perforated drainage channels, as well as applying an innovative water-saving
irrigation technology for cultivating the “Bukhara-8” cotton variety.
Research methods.
The study utilizes field and laboratory experiments,
agrochemical analyses, biometric measurements, phenological observations, and
statistical analysis. These methods are based on the "Field Experiment
Techniques" outlined by the Institute of Cotton Breeding, Seed Production, and
Agro-Technology Research (UzPITI, 2007). The accuracy and reliability of the
data obtained were assessed using B.A. Dospekhov's multivariate methodology,
along with mathematical-statistical analysis conducted with the SPSS (Statistical
Package for Social Science) software.
Results and analysis.
Over the years, heavy machinery use, excessive
irrigation bringing in salts, and improper agronomic practices have compacted
the lower soil layers in the experimental field, negatively impacting water
permeability, porosity, bulk density, and fertility. This has reduced the efficiency
of salt leaching and adversely affected plant growth and development.
Therefore, additional agronomic practices, such as deep loosening and the
creation of perforated drainage channels, are essential measures for such soils.
In the first variant of the experimental field, traditional salt leaching was
performed with plowing at a depth of 35-40 cm. In the second variant, the field
was loosened to a depth of 0.8 meters, then plowed at 35-40 cm before leaching.
In the third variant, perforated drainage channels were created at a depth of 0.5
meters, followed by plowing to 35-40 cm before leaching.
In agricultural crop production, salt balance significantly affects plant
growth and productivity. Excess salt in the soil can cause plant stress or death.
Experiments were conducted on salt balance in the experimental field to
understand how soil and plants interact with salts and to determine the impact
of innovative salt leaching and irrigation technology on salt balance. The
formulas developed by V.A. Kovda and data collected from the experimental field
were used for this purpose.
To assess the effect of innovative salt leaching and irrigation technology on
salt balance, the incoming components of salt balance included salt in water
used for seasonal salt leaching and irrigation, salt brought by groundwater, and
salts accumulated during the fertilization process. In the outgoing components,
salts were calculated as those removed by drainage and those absorbed by the
plant div and yield. For irrigation and salt leaching, water from the Amu-
Bukhara Machine Channel was used, which had a mineralization level of 0.9-1.1
g/l throughout the year.
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Examining the three-year average (2021-2024) of salt balance in the
experimental field, the incoming salt in the control variant (1st variant) included
10.5 t ha
-1
from water used for seasonal salt leaching and irrigation, 14.3 t ha
-1
from groundwater, and 1 t ha
-1
from fertilizers, totaling 25.8 t ha
-1
. In the
outgoing components, 13.2 t ha
-1
was removed through drainage water, and 0.2 t
ha
-1
was removed with the plant div and yield, totaling 13.4 t ha
-1
. This left a
balance of 12.4 t ha
-1
retained in the soil.
In the second variant, 7.6 t ha
-1
of salt entered through irrigation and
leaching water, 13.5 t ha
-1
from groundwater, and 1 t ha
-1
from fertilizers,
totaling 22.0 t ha
-1
. The outgoing components showed 12.7 t ha
-1
removed
through drainage and 0.2 t ha
-1
a removed with plant material, totaling 12.9 t ha
-
1
. Thus, 9.1 t ha
-1
of salt remained in the soil.
In the third variant, incoming salt included 7.6 t ha
-1
from irrigation and
leaching water, 12.9 t ha
-1
from groundwater, and 1 t ha
-1
from fertilizers,
totaling 21.5 t ha
-1
. The outgoing components showed 15.9 t ha
-1
removed
through drainage and 0.2 t ha
-1
removed with plant material, totaling 16.1 t ha
-1
.
This left a balance of 5.4 t ha
-1
of salt retained in the soil.
Conclusion.
From the information provided above, it can be concluded that field
experiments conducted on salt leaching and water-saving irrigation technology
for cotton in the heavily saline, heavy loam, long-irrigated alluvial meadow soils
of the Bukhara region demonstrated a reduction in salt balance compared to the
control.
.
Specifically, salt content decreased by 3.3 t ha
-1
in the second variant
and by 7 t ha
-1
in the third variant.
References:
1.
Methods of field experiments” of the Research Institute of Cotton Breeding
and Seed Production Agrotechnologies (UzSRIC, 2007). (in Uzbek).
2.
Methods of agrochemical, agrophysical and microbiological research in
irrigated cotton areas 1963 (Tashkent). (in Russian).
3.
Dospekhov B 1985 Methods of Field Experience (Moscow:
Agropromizdat). (in Russian).
4.
Khamidov M.Kh., Shukurlaev X.I., Begmatov I.A., Mamataliev A.B. "Water
use in agriculture.// Tashkent. 2014 y. 68-p. (in Uzbek)
5.
Orazkeldiev A.B. "Chemical reclamation" // Study guide, Tashkent, 2015 y.
84-96-p. (in Uzbek)
