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UZBEKISTAN'S EXPERIENCE IN COMBATING TERRORISM AND
EXTREMISM
Sh.N.Aminov
Associate Professor of the Department of Operational Management of the
University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, (PhD)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14005320
Abstract:
The article considers a new approach to the socialization and
rehabilitation of citizens who have fallen under the influence of destructive
ideologies of state policy implemented in our country, based on the experience
of the Republic of Uzbekistan in combating extremism and terrorism.
Keywords:
Destructive ideas, propaganda and bitterness, socialization
and rehabilitation, AVF, education and religious tolerance.
According to the International Institute of Economics and Peace, which
conducts research on political, economic and social processes on a global scale,
according to the global terrorism index, over the past ten years various terrorist
acts have occurred in 164 countries of the world, the number of deaths as a
result of them amounted to 182 thousand (in the previous decade, this figure
was 72 thousand).
While Iraq, Nigeria, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India,
Congo and the Philippines are among the top ten countries with the highest
terrorism risk index, Uzbekistan ranks 134th out of 164 countries on this list.
According to the High Terrorist Risk Index in 2020, the top ten high-risk
countries included: Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, Pakistan,
India, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Philippine states, while
Uzbekistan ranked 134th out of 164 countries in this list compared to with
Ukraine 36, Russia 39, Tajikistan 45, Kazakhstan 93, Azerbaijan 112. [1]
Uzbekistan is considered one of the countries facing the threats of
terrorism and its harmful consequences.
Including: 1994-1997, 1999, 2000, 2004-2005, 2009 The subversive
actions of recent years have brought grief to dozens, hundreds of families as a
result of murders, raids and subversive actions aimed at the physical destruction
of religious figures and law enforcement officers.
Despite the fact that no terrorist acts have been carried out in our
country in recent years, superficial secular and religious knowledge, ignorance
of the true content of purely religious concepts of Yohud, socio-material
difficulties, religious extremist currents as a result of the decline of marriage
relations of Jaraj and ideas such as "land" blasphemy", "exile", "jihad",
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"martyrdom", "restoration of the caliphate" were imposed by terrorist
organizations and groups "go away"., participation in hostilities in the ranks of
militants of international terrorist organizations, The participation of persons of
Uzbek origin in terrorist acts in the United States, Sweden, Turkey and other
foreign countries, the re-criminalization of persons convicted of crimes related
to terrorism and extremism after serving their sentences indicates that it is not
enough to hold them accountable for eliminating this problem.
The development of more effective measures aimed at preventing and
suppressing extremism and terrorism, combining efforts in this direction at the
national and international levels, is one of the important directions of state
policy.
In his address to the Supreme Assembly on December 29, 2020,
President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said: "In the context of conflicts that are observed
in near and remote regions, complex processes taking place in the world, we
must further accelerate our work to ensure peace and security in our
country."[2]
It should be noted that various extremist and terrorist organizations
continue their activities aimed at destabilizing the socio-political situation in the
Central Asian republics. In this regard, the head of our State will draw the
attention of the world community to further strengthen practical cooperation in
order to ensure security and stability in Central Asia, effectively combat the
threats of terrorism and extremism, transnational crime and drug trafficking
within the framework of United Nations mechanisms, as well as the
Commonwealth of Independent States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,
as far as possible to ensure within the framework of practical cooperation
mechanisms between the countries of the region, It is aimed at the need to
abandon the division of security threats into "own and others", practically
adhere to the principle of "integrated security".
Today, one fact can be said with firm confidence: the new national system
formed in Uzbekistan fully justifies itself in the current alarming situation, when
a conflict of various risks and negativity is growing in the world.
We can consider my above words as another evidence that the speeches
of the President of our country from international rostrums are warmly
welcomed by the public, international experts, highly appreciated by other
heads of State and Government, diplomats, a number of ideas and proposals are
accepted and aimed at implementation.
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In particular, a special resolution entitled "Education and religious
tolerance" was adopted at the plenary session of the UN General Assembly. The
draft document developed by Uzbekistan was unanimously supported by all UN
member states. The adoption of the resolution was a practical expression of the
initiative put forward by our President.
In December 2020, the U.S. Department of State removed Uzbekistan
from its special religious freedom watch list. Assessing this process, former
Secretary of the U.S. Department of State M. Pompeo noted that "Uzbekistan can
become an example for other countries."
On October 13, 2020, Uzbekistan was elected to the UN Human Rights
Council for the first time in history. In these elections, Uzbekistan was
mentioned among the countries with the highest number of votes. It also shows
that Uzbekistan's approaches to solving the pressing problems of extremism and
the fight against terrorism, based on ensuring human rights and freedoms, are
recognized by the international community.
Also in recent years, organizational measures have been taken in our
country to combat the threats of terrorism and extremism, a number of national
programs and regulatory legal acts have been adopted and put into practice.
In particular, in 2018, the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On
countering extremism" was adopted. It establishes the implementation of
measures to prevent extremism as the main directions of state policy in this
area, including increasing the legal awareness and legal culture of the
population, forming an uncompromising attitude towards extremism in society,
while eliminating the causes and conditions that allow it to arise.
Considering that 60% of the population of our republic is young people, a
special policy has been developed for young citizens, and a number of works are
being carried out within the framework of this policy. The Uzbek model of
combating extremism and terrorism, which has attracted the attention of many
foreign experts, pays special attention to the "struggle for thought" among young
people through the promotion of foreign culture, religious and moral education.
Systematic work is also being carried out on social rehabilitation and the return
to normal life of citizens who have fallen under the influence of extremist ideas
and realized their mistake. [2]
For the purpose of social rehabilitation of homeless citizens and their
return to a healthy lifestyle, more than 20,000 citizens influenced by the ideas of
fanaticism were excluded from the "Black List", and the practice of maintaining
such lists was completely discontinued. [3]
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Based on the humanitarian principle, 1,791 civilians were pardoned and
released from penal institutions, regretting their actions among them, who
committed crimes in the fight against terrorism and extremism, in order to
express their disappointment to convicts who embarked on the path of strict
correction. Of the 1800 Salkam people, 819 were completely released from the
execution of sentences imposed by the court, and 439 were released on parole.
In addition, 89 sentences were commuted to correctional labor, while 444
sentences were commuted.
Of those pardoned, 396 are women and 159 are men over the age of 60.
Of these, 54 women were completely released from serving their sentences, and
90 were released early. In addition, while the unserved sentences of 41 women
were commuted to correctional labor, the unserved sentences of 211 women
were commuted. 54 of these men were fully released from serving their
sentences, 78 were paroled, and 27 were reduced to unserved sentences. [4]
In the early period of our country's independence, when only an amnesty
act was issued on the occasion of Independence Day or the Constitution, now a
new approach has introduced the tradition of pardoning on other important
dates (Ramadan, Nowruz and others).
In the following years, special attention is paid to the protection of
human interests in our country, their rights and freedoms. After all, this is a sign
that every citizen of Uzbekistan is under the protection of our state and has a
firm expression in our head.
In this sense, the humanitarian opera "Mehr" is being conducted on
behalf of our President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and under his direct supervision in
order to support our compatriots who have fallen into difficult conditions in
foreign countries, return them to our country and ensure full adaptation in our
society.
The main purpose of this is to create conditions for people of this
category to feel protected and cared for by the state as full-fledged citizens.
Therefore, the widespread use of the method of administrative and criminal
prosecution of citizens with a relatively high level of danger to the state and
society can have the opposite effect and cause them to become even more
embittered and act against the state.
It holds a special place among the world community, in particular, among
the countries of Central Asia.
In particular, on March 3-5, 2020, at a conference in Tashkent and
Termez with the participation of officials from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and
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Tajikistan, effective and practical proposals were developed that could apply the
"Uzbek experience" on religious rehabilitation and reintegration in Uzbekistan
in other Central Asian countries.
As a conclusion, we can say that the change in attitudes in the field of
combating extremism, on the one hand, is bearing fruit from the point of view of
security, and on the other, as a result of reforms, citizens' trust in the
government is increasing, as well as comprehensive reforms are being carried
out in Uzbekistan to combat crimes in the form of terrorism and extremism,
prevent
Of course, such confessions encourage us to speed up the work even more, to try
once again to achieve the desired efficiency.
Used literature:
1. The Global Terrorism Index of the International Institute of Economics and
Peace for 2020. https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/
2020/11/ GTI-2020-web-2.pdf
2. https://president.uz/uz/lists/view/4057
3.https://xs.uz/uzkr/post/ekstremizm-va-terrorizm-tahdidlariga-qarshi-
kurashish-bojicha-ozbek-modeli-qandaj-samara-beryapti
4.https://xs.uz/uzkr/post/ozbekistonda-ekstremizmga-qarshi-kurash-
borasidagi-yondashuvlar-kontseptual-zhihatdan-ozgarmoqda
5.https://kun.uz/news/2021/10/31/ozbekistonda-afv-amaliyoti-taqdirlarni-
anglat.
6. https://xs.uz/uzkr/post/mehr-5-operatsiya.
