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EFFECTS OF REPEATED CROPS IRRIGATED WITH LOW-
MINERALIZED DRAINAGE WATER, FERTILIZER RATES, AND
BIOPREPARATIONS ON VOLUMETRIC MASS OF SOIL
Murodov Otabek Ulugbekovich
Bukhara Institute of Natural Resources Management of the National Research
University of TIIAME - 32, Gazli shokh ave., Bukhara, 105009, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13987189
Abstract.
In this article, information is provided about millet and sunflower
plants, which were irrigated with low-mineralized drainage water 2 times a
season as an additional water source. The plants were treated with Nanosilicon
and AMINOSID Universal Si biopreparations. The fertilization procedure for
millet was N-50, P-105, K-75 kg ha
-1
, while for sunflower, it was N-200, P-140, K-
100 kg ha
-1
. The article also discusses changes in the volumetric mass of soil
under conditions of water shortage in the experimental field.
Keywords:
soil, repeated crop, millet, sunflower, drainage water,
Нанокремний, AMINOSID Universal Si, biopreparation, volumetric mass of soil.
Introduction.
One of the main factors determining soil fertility in the
cultivation of agricultural crops is its water-physical properties. Key properties
such as soil density, volumetric and specific mass, total porosity, water
permeability, and water-holding capacity are of great agronomic importance.
These indicators influence the soil's air, heat, nutrient, and water regimes, as
well as the activity of microorganisms and the growth and development of
plants. They are also crucial in determining crop irrigation procedures[6]. The
water-physical properties of soil vary depending on the soil type, mechanical
composition, structure, and levels of organic and mineral substances, as well as
cultivation and tillage practices. Meadow-alluvial soils are considered to have
naturally favorable water-physical properties. Moreover, scientific and practical
studies have proven that when these properties are optimally managed, plants
exhibit good growth and development, leading to high yields [7].
The water-physical properties of soil are constantly changing due to
activities such as soil cultivation, irrigation, fertilization, salt leaching, crop
rotation, and other agricultural practices. It is essential to continuously monitor
the state of these properties, especially in irrigated agriculture. The main water-
physical properties of soil, including bulk mass, porosity, water permeability,
field capacity, and capillary rise, are measured in experimental areas [2].
Research materials and method.
Field experiments were conducted in
the meadow of the Agrofayz Ziynati farm in the Vobkent district of the Bukhara
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187
region, under conditions of alluvial soil with medium salinity and medium loam
texture. The water level was 2.0-2.5 meters, and the mineralization was 2.5-3.0
g/l.
Pre-cultivation irrigation was carried out to promote the germination of the
repeated crops. In the experimental field, millet seeds were sown with 30 cm
between rows and sunflower seeds with 60 cm between rows, at a depth of 4-5
cm using a seeder [5]. The experimental plots were arranged on a single level in
3 rows, with each plot covering an area of 240 m² (50 m in length and 4.8 m in
width). The total area of the experimental field was 1440 m², with a total field
area of 4320 m².
In the experiment, after harvesting the winter wheat crop, millet
“Saratovskoe-853” and sunflower “Dilbar” were grown as repeated crops.
Experimental plots 1-4 were irrigated with drainage water as a control. In plots
2-5, the crops were treated with a Nanosilicon biopreparation before irrigation,
and in plots 3-6, the crops were treated with AMINOSID Universal Si
biopreparation before irrigation.
The millet (Panicum miliaceum L. “Saratovskoe-853”) and sunflower
(Helianthus annus L. “Dilbar”) crops were irrigated with low-mineralized
drainage water (3 g/l). The millet crop was irrigated when soil moisture was at
70-75-65% relative to limited soil moisture capacity, while the sunflower crop
was irrigated twice in the 0-1-1 irrigation system when soil moisture was at 70-
70-65% relative to LFMC. The soil moisture calculation layer before irrigation
was 50-70-50 cm for both crops. Seasonal irrigation norms were 1752-1451 m
3
ha
-1
for millet and 1755-1464 m
3
ha
-1
for sunflower.
Fertilization for the repeated millet crop was applied at the rate of N-50, P-
105, K-75 kg ha
-1
, and for the sunflower crop at the rate of N-200, P-140, K-100
kg ha
-1
. Before planting, the seeds were treated with biopreparations:
Nanosilicon at 300 g t
-1
and AMINOSID Universal Si at 0.8-1.0 l t
-1
. During the
growing season, before the first and second irrigations, the crops were further
treated with Nanosilicon at 100 g ha
-1
and AMINOSID Universal Si at 5.0 l ha
-1
.
These biopreparations were used effectively.
Observations, calculations, and analyses in the field experiment were
conducted according to the methodological manual of UzPITI, “Methods of
Conducting Field Experiments” [3]. The “Brief Methodological Guidelines for the
State Testing of Growth Regulators” were followed during the application of
chemical substances[1]. The obtained data were subjected to mathematical
statistical processing using the method of B.A. Dospekhov [4].
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Analysis and results.
Analyzing the average three-year results of field
experiments on cultivating millet and sunflower crops irrigated with weakly
mineralized drainage water as a repeated crop under water shortage conditions,
the initial volumetric mass of soil was 1.26 g/cm³ in the 0-30 cm arable layer,
1.27 g/cm³ in the 0-50 cm layer, 1.30 g/cm³ in the 0-70 cm layer, and 1.33 g/cm³
in the 0-100 cm layer. By the end of the experimental period, in option 1, where
the repeated millet crop was irrigated with drainage water, the volumetric mass
of soil increased to 1.28 g/cm³ in the 0-30 cm layer, 1.30 g/cm³ in the 0-50 cm
layer, 1.33 g/cm³ in the 0-70 cm layer, and 1.37 g/cm³ in the 0-100 cm layer.
In option 2, where the crop was treated with Nanosilicon biopreparation
before being irrigated with drainage water, the volumetric mass of soil was 1.26
g/cm³ in the 0-30 cm layer, 1.28 g/cm³ in the 0-50 cm layer, 1.30 g/cm³ in the 0-
70 cm layer, and 1.35 g/cm³ in the 0-100 cm layer, showing a reduction of 0.01-
0.02 g/cm³ in the plowing and one-meter layers compared to the control.
In option 3, where the millet crop was treated with AMINOSID Universal Si
biopreparation before being irrigated with drainage water, volumetric mass of
soil was 1.27 g/cm³ in the 0-30 cm layer, 1.29 g/cm³ in the 0-50 cm layer, 1.30
g/cm³ in the 0-70 cm layer, and 1.37 g/cm³ in the 0-100 cm layer. This indicated
a reduction of 0.01-0.04 g/cm³ in soil density compared to the control option.
By the end of the experiment, in the 4th option where the repeated
sunflower crop was irrigated with drainage water, the volumetric mass of soil
was 1.28 g/cm³ in the 0-30 cm layer, 1.29 g/cm³ in the 0-50 cm layer, 1.33
g/cm³ in the 0-70 cm layer, and 1.36 g/cm³ in the 0-100 cm layer.
In the 5th option, where the sunflower crop was treated with Nanosilicon
biopreparation before irrigation, the volumetric mass of soil was 1.26 g/cm³
in the 0-30 cm layer, 1.28 g/cm³ in the 0-50 cm layer, 1.30 g/cm³ in the 0-70
cm layer, and 1.35 g/cm³ in the 0-100 cm layer, showing a reduction of 0.01-
0.02 g/cm³ compared to the control.
In the 6th option, where the sunflower crop was treated with AMINOSID
Universal Si biopreparation before irrigation, the volumetric mass of soil was
1.27 g/cm³ in the 0-30 cm layer, 1.29 g/cm³ in the 0-50 cm layer, 1.30 g/cm³ in
the 0-70 cm layer, and 1.37 g/cm³ in the 0-100 cm layer, showing a slight
reduction in soil compaction by 0.01 g/cm³ in the plowed layer compared to the
control.
As a result of treating the soil with biopreparations before irrigating winter
wheat and repeated millet and sunflower crops with drainage water, a decrease
in the volumetric mass of soil was observed in both crops. Table 1 presents the
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International scientific-online conference
189
results of the volumetric mass of soil analysis conducted in the experimental
field.
Table 1
Effect of repeated crops and fertilizer rates on volume mass of the soil,
g/cm
3
(average of 3 years)
Conclusion.
When repeated crops were irrigated with low-mineralized
drainage water under water scarcity conditions and treated with Nanosilicon
and AMINOSID Universal Si biopreparations, a decrease in volumetric mass of
soil was observed in the arable layer of the experimental field.
List of References:
1. K. Tadzhiev Effect of stimulant treatment on replanted soybeans on grain
yield and quality // “O‘zbekiston qishloq va suv xo‘jaligi jurnali” №5. Tashkent
2021. P. 42-43.
2. B.J. Azimov, R.Sh. Tillaev, R.I. Isaev Recommendations for the care of repeated
crops planted after spiky grain on irrigated land. Т. 1995. P. 60.
3. Methods of conducting field experiments. Tashkent. 2007. P.141
4. B. A. Dospekhov. Methods of field experiments. “Kolos press”, Moscow, 1-
98 (In Russian)
5. Isaev, S., and Haidarov, B. (2018). Drainage water use for cotton-plant
irrigation. Bulletin of Science and Practice, 4(9), P. 109-113
6. Khamidov M.K., Balla D., Hamidov A.M., Juraev U.A. Using collector-drainage
water in saline and arid irrigation areas for adaptation to climate change. 2020.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 422(1),012121
7. A.Khojiyev, M.Avliyakulov, Sh.Khojiyeva Influence of irrigation of winter
wheat by subirrigation method on the reclamation regime of lands E3S Web of
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04067
(2021),
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2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404067
Soil
layer,
cm
Volumetric mass of soil, g/см
3
Period
of
actionat the
beginning
The rate of mineral
fertilizers , kg/ha
At the end of the validity period
Millet
Sunflower
В-1
В-2
В-3
В-4
В-5
В-6
0-30
1,26
In the millet crop
N-150; P-105; K-75
1,28
1,26
1,27 1,28 1,26 1,27
0-50
1,27
1,30 1,28
1,29 1,29 1,28 1,29
0-70
1,30
In the sunflower crop
N-200; P-140; K-100
1,33 1,30
1,30 1,33 1,30 1,30
0-100
1,33
1,37 1,35
1,37 1,36 1,35 1,37
