Том 3 № 40 (2024): Академические исследования в современной науке

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston va AQShning fan va ta’lim sohasidagi hamkorlik aloqalari yoritilgan.

The significance of this article lies in the fact that the concept of the activities of preventive inspectors working with victims of offenses, its essence and organization of work, as well as current problems and shortcomings in this area, are shown. In addition, opinions were put forward on the development of solutions to violations committed in the regions and the causes and conditions that allow them to be committed, documents to be formalized when they are committed, and other problems.

This article is about mathematical modeling, and thus a set of numerical methods and programs. Mathematical models can take many forms, such as statistical models, differential equations, or game theory models.

Изложены данные проведения опроса среди жителей, проживающих на участках 16 и 18 семейных поликлиник Алмазорского района города Ташкента.  По результатам опроса, родители 150 детей используют « қора седана» для повышения иммунитета своих детей во избежание заражения коронавирусом. В течение 2 месяцев матери 150 детей давали детям капсулы "черный седан". Только 58 из этих детей заразились легкой и среднетяжелой формами коронавируса, 6 из них были госпитализированы. Клинические и амбулаторные исследования проводились совместно с лечащими врачами больницы, включая исследования гемоглобина, эритроцитов, лимфоцитов, глюкозы, АЛТ, АСТ, мочевины мочи, креатинина и паразитологические показатели в начале и в конце исследования.

Maqolada oxirgi yillarda koreys tilining shiddat bilan dunyo ta’lim tizimiga kirib borishi bilan birgalikda, xususan uning O’zbekistondagi o’rganilish holati va darajasi, hamda uni ommalashtirish maqsadida olib borilayotgan chora-tadbirlar tahlil qilinadi.

Maqolada ingliz tilida jismoniy madaniyat yo’nalishi talabalarining kasbiy-kommunikativ kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish prinsip va metodlari o’rganilgan. Talabalarning kasbiy-kommunikativ ko’nikmalarini takomillashtirish uchun innovatsion yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan. Bu kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirishda qo’llaniladigan samarali metodlar va amaliyotlar aniqlangan.

Many papers and books have been written on the theory of groups. However, there are still unsolved problems, many of which arise in fields such as physics, biology, and other natural sciences. For example, when the configuration of a physical system is defined on a lattice (which can be viewed as a graph of a group), the configuration may be interpreted as a function defined over the lattice. Numerous studies have explored different types of partitions in groups (lattices) (see for example [1]-[3]).

Ushbu maqolada XXI asr boshlaridagi jahon iqtisodiyotining mohiyati, umumiy xususiyatlari, asosiy subyektlari va munosabatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Zamonaviy jahon xo‘jaligi tushunchasi va uning asosiy subyektlari tahlil qilinib, xalqaro iqtisodiy munosabatlarning turli shakllari mohiyati, ularning globallashuv sharoitida kuchayib borayotgan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi va yaxlitligi ochib berilgan. Jahon xo‘jaligi rivojlanishining asosiy ko‘rsatkichlari dinamikasi tahlil qilinib, ularning 2020-yilgacha bo‘lgan prognoz baholari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Xulosa sifatida ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy, ekologik quyi tizimlarga ega zamonaviy jahon xo‘jaligi modeli taqdim etilgan.

Аll оf thе еlеmеnts оf thе mеtаbоliс sуndrоmе(MS) саn аffесt thе dеvеlорmеnt оf brеаst саnсеr(BC) аnd its mаnifеstаtiоns thrоugh diffеrеnt mесhаnisms. The relationship between metabolic syndrome(MS) and breast cancer(BC) is important in terms of influencing morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome is a complex of metabolic, hormonal, and clinical changes, with its pathogenesis linked to immune-inflammatory processes. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, decreased serum high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) levels, and increased serum triglycerides(TG).[2] The presence of at least three of these five components, according to the NCEP and ATP III criteria, indicates the presence of MS.[3]

The article explores the psychological aspects of fostering motivation to study among students within modern educational systems. Motivation plays a crucial role in academic success, and understanding the psychological factors that influence it is key to effective learning. The article reviews fundamental motivation theories, such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and self-determination theory, and examines how personal characteristics, emotional factors, and psychological barriers impact students' motivation. Additionally, the influence of modern educational systems, including the integration of digital technologies and hybrid learning models, on motivation is analyzed. The study highlights various psychological and pedagogical strategies for enhancing and sustaining students' motivation, emphasizing the importance of self-regulation and a supportive learning environment.

Opinions of scientists about the positive and negative effects of magical fairy tales on children's psychology. At the same time, about the occurrence of distortions in their views on life. Forming the skill of choosing a fairy tale by studying the child's age and mentality when choosing fairy tales.

В современном языке существует множество риторических фигур, среди которых плеоназм является одним из наиболее распространенных и неоднозначных явлений. Плеоназмы представляют значительный интерес для лингвистов, особенно для теоретиков и практиков перевода, благодаря их разнообразию и широкому использованию в языке. Вопрос перевода плеоназмов на данный момент изучен недостаточно, поэтому данное исследование, по нашему мнению, может внести определенный вклад как в понимание сущности плеоназма, используемого в художественной литературе, так и в переводческую практику этого явления. В связи с этим мы проанализировали проблемы перевода плеоназмов и предложили продуктивные методы их перевода.

Inflammatory complications around dental implants supporting bridgework can significantly impact the success of implant therapy. The balance of oral microflora plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of peri-implant diseases. This article aims to review the specific indicators of oral microflora in patients with inflammatory complications around bridgeworks on implants. By understanding the microbial landscape associated with peri-implantitis and mucositis, dental professionals can develop more effective treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.

“Bolalarimizni bog’cha yoshidan,boshlang’ich sinflardan kichik-kichik kitoblarga o’rgatish,shu orqali ularni kitobsevar qilib tarbiyalash zarur. Shundagina jamiyatimizda kitobxonlik muhiti shakllanadi, boshqalar ham kitob o’qishga qaytadi”.

Eastern miniature art, known for its intricate details and vibrant colors, has a rich history that spans across different regions, including Persia (Iran), the Ottoman Empire, India, and Central Asia. It developed as a form of book illustration, often used to accompany literary, historical, and religious texts. The art form flourished between the 13th and 19th centuries, showcasing the cultural, philosophical, and artistic expressions of the East (Gruber et., al 1992).

Fuel and energy enterprises are the backbone of any nation's economy, playing a crucial role in ensuring energy security and economic development. However, the taxation of these enterprises presents a complex challenge for governments. The fuel and energy sector, characterized by high capital investment, fluctuating commodity prices, and significant environmental impacts, requires a nuanced approach to taxation. In recent years, policymakers have increasingly focused on improving taxation mechanisms to ensure fairness, promote sustainable practices, and enhance revenue generation for the state.

This article describes the issues of qualifying the crime of sexually transmitted disease or spreading HIV/AIDS and distinguishing it from similar crimes. In particular, the article scientifically analyzes the different aspects of the crime of sexually transmitted disease or spreading HIV/AIDS from similar crimes, i.e. Article 116 of the Criminal Code. In addition, in the article, if sexually transmitted disease or HIV/AIDS infection occurs as a result of touching the honor, in such cases, the criminal's actions are qualified by Articles 113 and 118 of the Criminal Code, that is, as a set of crimes. Also, the article presents reasonable conclusions on the issues of qualification and differentiation of the crime of spreading the sexually transmitted disease or HIV/AIDS from similar crimes.

Бюджет ташкилотларида ҳодимлар билан  ҳисоблашувларда ҳисобланган, ушланган ва берилган маблағларга қарайдиган бўлсак, ҳодимларнинг номинал иш ҳақига нисбатан реал иш ҳақи даражаси пастлигини кўриш мумкин. Бу эса ўз-ўзидан ҳодимларнинг харид қобилиятига таъсир этади. Масалан, бир ҳодимнинг реал иш ҳақи қанчалик кўп бўлса у харид қилган тавар, иш, хизматларни таклиф қилган тадбиркор ёки хўжалик юритувчи корхоналар шунча кўп маҳсулот, иш, хизматларини сотади ва бюджетга тўлайдиган солиғининг ҳажми ҳам шунга яраша ошади. 

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы совершенствования механизмов финансирования предприятий с помощью корпоративных финансовых инструментов. Анализируется роль акций, облигаций и других финансовых инструментов в привлечении капитала для предприятий, а также их влияние на экономическую эффективность. Кроме того, предложены рекомендации по развитию рынка корпоративного финансирования в Узбекистане.

Ushbu maqolada toponimikaning rivojlanish tendensiyasi, toponim va joy ta’rifi, Termiz shahri va Vinchester  hududida mavjud joy nomlari tasnifi, tarkibi, nomlanish qonuniyatlari va tarixiy xususiyatlari, Termiz shahri va Vinchester shahri tarixiy toponimlarining obyekti nomlari, mahalla va ko‘chalar nomlari, muassasalar va boshqa turli joylar bilan bog‘liq toponimlar, Termiz shahri va Vinchester shahri qismida o’rin olgan  joy nomlari shakllanishining tarixiy xususiyatlari, ko‘chalarning nomlari, turli muassasalar bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan toponimlar yoritilgan hamda shaharlarning ko’plab obyektlari farqlariga urg’u berilgan.

The study included 48 adult rats with mechanical injuries of the lower limb, divided into two groups. The first group (24 rats) received local anesthesia, the second group (24 rats) - general anesthesia. In all patients, biopsies were taken from the muscles of the lower limb for histological analysis 24 and 72 hours after injury. The following morphometric parameters were assessed: muscle fiber edema, inflammatory infiltration, degenerative changes and muscle tissue regeneration.

In the pathogenesis of NSAID gastropathy, the state of lipid peroxidation (POL) in the gastric mucosa is of great importance. Recently, there has been evidence that ACE inhibitors have a corrective effect on the processes of SEX and NO formation in various organs. This circumstance served as the basis for studying the effectiveness of some ACE inhibitors in indomethacin-induced gastropathy in animals

It is now recognised that the molecular subtypes of breast cancer have a significant impact on diagnosis, prognosis and choice of therapeutic strategies. Each subtype has unique biological features that may determine sensitivity to different treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy [1,2] Immunotherapy is the main new treatment for breast cancer (BC). However, not all breast cancer patients benefit from immunotherapy. Prognostic biomarkers of immunotherapy, such as tumor mutational burden and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, are promising for stratifying patients with breast cancer and optimizing the therapeutic effect. Different targets of the immune response pathway have also been investigated to expand the potential of immunotherapy[3,4].Therefore, the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer depending on immunologic characteristics and the role of immunotherapy are still a subject of research [2].

In the contemporary global economy, digitalization has transformed not only how businesses operate but also how economies grow and develop. Digital technologies, including the internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data, have fundamentally reshaped industries, improved access to services, and boosted productivity across various sectors. The digital economy, which thrives on these technologies, has become a cornerstone of modern economic development, offering significant opportunities for both developed and developing countries to foster more inclusive growth.

maqolada gidroenergetika tizimlarida past bosimli gidroturbinalarning samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan tadqiqotlarni tahlil qiladi. Asosiy e’tibor Kaplan turbinasiga qaratilgan bo‘lib, bu turbinaning rotor burchaklaridagi o‘zgarishlar samaradorlikni qanday yaxshilashi mumkinligi ko‘rsatildi. Gidroturbinalarning asosiy turlari — Pelton, Francis va Kaplan turbinalar tog‘risida ma’lumot berilgan. Kaplan turbinasi past bosimli va katta oqimdagi suvlar uchun mo‘ljallangan bo‘lib, uning rotor burchaklarini o‘zgarishi energiya ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirishi tahlillar asosida aniqlangan. Samaradorlikni oshirish uchun turbinaning dizayni, materiallari, oqimni boshqarish, yangi texnologiyalar va texnik xizmat ko‘rsatish kabi bir qator usullar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqotlar tahlili natijasida Kaplan turbinasining samaradorligi 63,67 % dan 76,60 % ga oshishini, kichik gidroelektr stansiyalar va past bosimli turbinalarning iqtisodiy jihatdan samarali bo‘lishini aniqlangan.

Химия конденсированных 1,3,4-тиадиазолов в последнее время ускоренными темпами развивается. Такой интерес связан с разнообразием физикохимических и биоактивных свойств этих гетероциклов. Препараты, полученные на их основе, обладают комплексом чрезвычайно ценных биологических свойств. Из литературных данных известно, что производные 1,3,4-тиадиазолов обладают различным спектром биологической активности. Среди представителей ряда тиадиазола представлены соединения, которые обладают интересными биологическими свойствами, такими как противомикробная, противотуберкулезная, противовоспалительная, противосудорожная, антигипертензивная, местноанестезирующая, противораковая и гипогликемическая активности. С использованием метода молекулярного докинга был осуществлен прогноз биологической активности производных 1,3,4-тиадиазола

Neft-kimyo sanoati neft xom-ashyosini qayta ishlashga qaratilgan ko‘plab jarayonlarni birlashtiradi. Eng muhim jarayonlardan biri piroliz bo‘lib, u barcha neft-kimyo va organik sintez uchun uglevodorod xom-ashyosi manbai sifatida qimmatlidir. Neftdan olinadigan uglevodorod xom-ashyosini oqilona qayta ishlash, tovar mahsulot ishlab chiqarish, uning tan narxini pasaytirishning asosiy zahiralaridan biriga aylanmoqda.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept assessment and its implications into the real-life educational process. It is emphasized in the article that there is a strong necessity of redesigning instructions for objective assessment.

The Muynak forestry, located in the rugged landscapes of Uzbekistan, serves as a pivotal habitat for various vertebrate animal species, playing a critical role in the region's ecosystem. This article explores the diversity and ecological functions of vertebrates within the farm, examining the rich array of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians that inhabit this unique environment. It provides insights into the specific characteristics and behaviors of these species, highlighting their roles in maintaining ecological balance through predator-prey dynamics, seed dispersal, and pollination. The article also addresses the challenges facing these vertebrate populations, including habitat loss, climate change, and human-wildlife conflict, while showcasing ongoing conservation efforts aimed at safeguarding the farm's biodiversity. Through case studies of successful rehabilitation initiatives, the article aims to underscore the importance of integrated conservation strategies and community involvement in preserving the natural heritage of Muynak. Ultimately, it calls for heightened awareness and action to protect the vertebrate fauna of this vital ecosystem, contributing to broader efforts in biodiversity conservation.

Ushbu  maqolada  boshlang‘ich sinf  o‘quvchilarini inkluziv ta’lim  doirasida sog‘lom  va nuqsonni bor bo‘lgan bolalarni qo‘shib o‘qitishdagi ijobiy va salbiy tomonlari, bu borada sog‘lom bolalarning ularga nisbatan munosabati va ularning sog‘lom bolalarga bo‘lgan munosabatlari, shu o‘rinda o‘qituvchilarning bolalarga bo‘lgan munosabatlari haqida fikr va mulohazalarimiz bayon qilingan.

Social media has emerged as a powerful force in shaping public opinion, influencing how individuals perceive events, news, and political discourse. This paper explores the dynamics of social media algorithms, the phenomenon of echo chambers, and the role of misinformation in the formation of public opinion. Through the analysis of case studies and quantitative data, this paper assesses both the benefits and risks associated with the rise of social media as a major influence on public discourse. The findings point to significant implications for democracy, trust in media, and political polarization.

HR Management in Uzbekistan refers to the practices, policies, and processes that organizations in the country use to manage their workforce. Like HR management globally, its core functions include recruitment, training and development, performance evaluation, employee relations, compensation, and benefits administration. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have become integral to organizational performance management. While they help evaluate success, KPIs can have significant effects on personal motivation. This article delves into how KPIs impact employee motivation, drawing from HR management and social psychology theories. It explores both positive and negative consequences of KPIs and suggests strategies for using KPIs in a way that enhances employee engagement and performance.

Mazkur maqolada ichki ishlar bo`limi xodimlarining boshqaruvchanlik qobiliyatlarini shakllantirish, rivojlantirish yo‘llari k`o`rib chiqilgan. O`ylaymanki ushbu maqola orqali siz ushbu mavzu bo`yicha yetarlicha bilimga ega bo`lasiz va kelgusi ish faoliyatingizda foydalanasiz, bu esa sizning ish samaradorligingizni oshirishga sababchi bo`ladi.

Despite the rapid development and implementation of modern high-tech methods, the problem of congenital hydronephrosis (CH) remains relevant and is a relatively common condition of the urinary system. The treatment outcomes for children with congenital hydronephrosis depend on various factors, such as the timing of surgery or obstruction correction, the degree of hydronephrosis, and the child's age. The longer the disease persists, the more pronounced the hydronephrotic changes in the kidneys and the walls of the renal parenchyma, leading to more severe postoperative conditions and a higher likelihood of fatal outcomes.

В этой статье дается обзор географического положения, климатических условий, почвенного и растительного покрова, фауны и водных ресурсов пустынь Средней Азии. Наиболее крупные пустынные районы региона — Кызылкум и Каракум, характеризующиеся резко континентальным климатом и засушливыми природными условиями. Представлены представления о конкретных растениях и животных пустынь, а также об их адаптации к экстремальным условиям. В статье также обсуждаются экологические проблемы, процессы засоления и опустынивания земель. Также подчеркивается важность защиты и устойчивого использования пустынных территорий. Статья посвящена экологическим, социальным и хозяйственным аспектам пустынь Средней Азии.

This article analyzes the fact that being busy or taking up a profession and being active in society is a sign of maturity as a sign of a person's spiritual maturity. The article also analyzes the works of Abdul Qadir Gilani, a major representative of Sufism.

In today's world, cybercrime poses a serious threat to global security and economic stability.  As A.A. Bessonov noted, "Modern cybercrime is a serious threat both to individual states and to the entire world community" [1.231]. Unlike traditional crimes, which are often limited by geographical boundaries, cyber attacks can be carried out from anywhere and exploit vulnerabilities in a country's digital infrastructure. In order to counter cybercrime, it is necessary to establish cooperation between law enforcement agencies of the countries. However, achieving effective international cooperation is challenging due to various obstacles such as legal differences, jurisdictional issues, technological challenges and geopolitical tensions.

The integration of digital technology in education has transformed the teaching and learning landscape, particularly in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) contexts. This paper explores effective strategies for leveraging digital tools to enhance the learning experience for ESP students, focusing on improving engagement, interactivity, and relevance in language acquisition

Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (2023) statistik ma’lumotlariga ko’ra, dunyodagi kattalar aholisining 10 dan 30 foizigacha qalqonsimon bez funksiyasining buzilishi va uning tuzilishining o‘zgarishi bilan bog‘liq turli xil kasalliklardan aziyat chekadi. Dunyoda qalqonsimon bez kasalliklari sonining o‘sishi yiliga 5% ni tashkil qiladi [WHO, 2023]. Hozirgi kunga kelib qalqonsimon bez (QB) patologiyasi qandli diabet bilan bir qatorda endokrin kasalliklar tarkibida uchrash chastotasi bo‘yicha yetakchi o‘rinni egallaydi. Qalqonsimon bez kasalliklari spektri juda keng bo‘lib, bemorlarning hayotiga ta’sir qilmaydigan minimal tarkibiy o‘zgarishlardan tortib, sifatini va ba'zi hollarda bemorlarning hayot davomiyligini kamaytiradigan muhim funksional va morfologik kasalliklargacha o‘zgarib turadi.

In this article is discussed the role of a trade secrets in civil legal relations by the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is known, that the role of objects of intellectual activity has immeasurably increased, as they became along with traditional material objects full participants of economic turnover. In this article is also given a complex analyses of essence and legal nature of trade secrets as the object of legal relations and elaborated decisions to improve acting legislation regulating present sphere.

In this article, information is provided about millet and sunflower plants, which were irrigated with low-mineralized drainage water 2 times a season as an additional water source. The plants were treated with Nanosilicon and AMINOSID Universal Si biopreparations. The fertilization procedure for millet was N-50, P-105, K-75 kg ha^-1, while for sunflower, it was N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha^-1. The article also discusses changes in the volumetric mass of soil under conditions of water shortage in the experimental field.

As is known, poetic syntax deals with sentence structure and the order of sentence parts in the lines, couplets, and stanzas of poetry. In poetic speech, the construction of poetic sentences, word choice, and their skillful use in sentence structure are of great importance . The poetic syntax of each creator's poems stands out with its uniqueness.

Social capital is an important factor in human-society-state relations. It has been revealed that social capital serves as an important tool in solving issues related to social relations, people's relations with each other, state and society. Social capital includes people's cooperation, mutual trust, and support. This is aimed at the establishment of cooperation, freedom, justice, mutual respect and determination in society.