ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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THE IMPACT OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERATIVE AND VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF
LEMON
Turayeva Gulandon Botir qizi
Toshkent Davlat Agrar universiteti magistr bitiruvchisi.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13922877
Introduction:
The homeland of lemon is considered to be India, China,
and the tropical islands of the Pacific, formed from the natural crossing of
citrons and bitter oranges, and has developed as a distinct species over a long
period. Each year, approximately 14 million tons of lemons are produced
worldwide. The leading producing countries are India and Mexico, accounting
for about 16% of the global yield. In Uzbekistan, 36,500 tons of lemons were
produced in 2021. One of the key factors for obtaining a high-quality yield from
fruit-bearing plants is timely fertilization. It is known that for many years,
granular nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various micronutrients have
been widely used for the fertilization of fruit-bearing plants. The regular use of
these macro-fertilizers is negatively affecting the meliorative condition of the
soil in orchards.
The increase of various salt compounds in the soil, soil compaction, and the
decrease or passiveness of resident microorganisms result in poor root system
development in fruit-bearing plants, limiting their ability to assimilate nutrients
adequately. Consequently, a range of negative effects can be observed, such as
slow growth of fruit-bearing plants, increased susceptibility to diseases, lower
resilience to environmental factors, and a sharp decline in yield.To prevent and
partially eliminate these issues, it is crucial to use nitrogen-fixing
microorganisms and biofertilizers that assimilate atmospheric molecular
nitrogen (N2) and convert it into organic compounds for fertilizing fruit-bearing
plants. Such beneficial microorganisms are abundant in nature.The application
of preparations made from nitrogen-fixing bacteria for the fertilization of fruit-
bearing plants ensures the rapid growth and development of their vegetative
and generative organs. Our scientific research during the cultivation of lemon
plants using these biopreparations has yielded positive results.
Research Methods:
Field experiments were conducted, analyzing the
growth and developmental stages of the generative and vegetative organs of
lemon plants, conducting phenological observations, and analyzing and
evaluating biometric measurements based on the methodology by Kh. Ch.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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Buryiev and others, titled “Methods of Calculating and Conducting Phenological
Observations in Experiments with Fruit and Berry Plants” (2014).
Research Results
: Timely and adequate application of various macro and
micro fertilizers, maintaining proper irrigation, optimal moisture, temperature,
and light conditions can lead to high-quality yields. It is known that lemon is a
small tree with dense green leaves that blooms for an extended period.
Additionally, its flowers and fruits are fragrant. With proper care, an average of
10-12 fruits can be harvested from a 3-5 year old tree.For optimal fertilization, it
is essential to consider the plant's needs; otherwise, the lack of nutrients can
signal problems, manifesting in flower and ovary formation issues. If no
measures are taken, the plant may perish.
Irrigation with established water can bring benefits, as it allows for root system
hydration and contributes to the healthy development of the yield. However, it
can also wash away nutrients. Thus, obtaining a high-quality yield without
fertilizers is challenging.
In natural conditions, the root system of a lemon tree is approximately 30-40
times larger than that in a container, allowing it to access nutrients from deeper
soil layers. Fertilizing lemon with appropriate fertilizers helps bridge this gap.
Knowing which fertilizers are needed for lemon can prevent potential problems.
Weak growth and poor flowering may require the use of nitrogen-rich
preparations for reinforcement. Signs of nitrogen deficiency include slow
growth, yellowing leaves, and poorly developed buds.If growth is rapid but
flowering is poor, this may indicate a phosphorus deficiency, which first impacts
flowering and fruiting. Additionally, citrus fruits may exhibit leaf drop and
discoloration.
Potassium deficiency manifests as yellowing edges of leaves, eventually leading
to chlorosis and delayed fruit ripening, resulting in soft lemons.If the tops of
young lemon tree shoots begin to die, immediate calcium supplementation is
required. Deficiencies can also affect the root system.Besides essential nutrients,
plants may also suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. The most common issue
is iron deficiency, which manifests as chlorosis. This is evident in the formation
of light spots in the intervenal spaces. Once affected tissues die, leaves will drop.
Nitrogen-Fixing Fertilizers:
The best fertilizers for lemons today are
those that meet specific nutrient requirements. Nitrogenous fertilizers are
essential for the active growth of leaves, dense stems, and proper ovary
formation. Nitrogen also helps prevent slow growth, yellowing leaves, poor
flowering, and fruit drop.
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Phosphorus-Containing Fertilizers:
Phosphorus-containing fertilizers
are necessary for the proper development of fruit. This element allows lemon
trees to grow beautifully and prevents coarse, thick skins. Phosphorus also helps
prevent leaf yellowing and drop.
Potassium-Containing Fertilizers:
Potassium fertilizers are essential to
prevent the appearance of yellow and light spots on the leaves. In citrus trees,
the absence of potassium can lead to sap exudation on the leaf surface.
Prolonged deficiency can result in total leaf loss and plant death.Understanding
the necessary fertilizers for lemons makes it easier to avoid negative outcomes.
It is recommended to use not only nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium but also
a variety of micronutrients necessary for the proper development of the
tree.Such fertilizers should be applied from the beginning of May to the end of
October. Mineral fertilizers can be alternated with organic fertilizers. An
effective mixture can be prepared from bird droppings: take 1 part droppings to
9 parts slightly heated water.Under no circumstances should you fertilize dry
soil; it is essential to moisten it first. The nutrient solution should be applied in
small portions until the soil is completely saturated. The temperature of the
solution must match that of the soil mixture in the lemon container.
References:
1.Abdullaev R.M., Aripov A.U., Nabiyev U.YA. Agro-technical measures for
obtaining high yields from fruit varieties in farms. – Tashkent, 2011. – pp. 3-22.
2.Arslanov M.A. Propagation of lemon by green cuttings. Journal of Agriculture of
Uzbekistan. – Tashkent. -1971. -No.4. – pp. 28-30.
3.Agzamkhodjaev J.B. Growing citrus fruit plants. Publishing house “Tasvir”.
Tashkent 2021 – pp. 36-68.
4.Bezuglova O.S. Fertilizers and growth stimulators. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix,
2000. - pp. 185–215.
5.Budagovskiy V.I. Propagation of clonal rootstocks and growing seedlings.
Horticulture. – Moscow, 1975. – No.1.– pp. 11-12.
