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ARTISTIC IMAGERY IN THE STYLE OF THE WRITER
Mo‘minova.T.S.
Doctor of Philosophy in Philology,
Senior Lecturer at Fergana State University.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12563720
Annotation
The article analyzes the issues of artistic image and style in modern
Uzbek short stories based on Khurshid Dostmuhammad's short story “Yolgiz”.
Keywords:
artistic work, artistic image, language of artistic work,
psychology, author, hero, landscape, portrait.
Artistic imagery is used to increase the vividness and effectiveness of
events and emotions in works of art. Artistic image is a very broad concept and
defines the important aspects of the style of the work. "The style of a work of art
is not only a phenomenon related to its language, but also refers to such
elements as image tools, the scope of the work of art expressed through artistic
words, the system of images, and compositional construction." From a
theoretical point of view, artistic image tools consist of language elements such
as alliteration, assonance, archaism, dialectism, slang, inversion, word repetition,
syntactic parallelism.
Artistic image serves to provide imagery, which is the primary feature of
the language of an artistic work. In this, the ability of the creative imagination of
the creator is considered important and determines the writer's own style. All
kinds of art such as homonyms, synonyms, antonyms, types of transfer,
revitalization, qualification, exaggeration are widely used to increase imagery,
i.e., effectiveness. In addition, one of the most important features of increasing
the effectiveness of an artistic work is the state of mind, that is, artistic
psychology. In works of art, this concept is determined by psychological method.
"Psychological analysis can be divided into internal (monologue, memory,
associations and images of imagination) and external (expression of emotional
uniqueness of facial expressions and other external states of the psyche) forms
of character description." Also, characters, monologues and dialogues from
artistic speech types are seen as internal types of psychological analysis when
revealing the psyche of the hero.
If a person is considered as the main image of a work of art, all other
means of representation serve to reveal his psyche. From this point of view,
artistic psychologism is one of the most important factors that gathers tools that
fully reveal the image of a person and increases the effectiveness of an artistic
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work. The character's thoughts, mentality, inner monologue, stream of
consciousness, landscape and portrait methods indicate various forms of
psychologism.
Usually, writers describe landscapes, i.e. natural scenes based on the
mood and state of their characters. The famous Russian writer A. Tolstoy
expresses the following opinion about the harmonious expression of the mood
of the character and the landscape in fully revealing the psyche of the hero:
"Let's say you are describing Ivan Ivanov. He is walking down the street. But you
know he's in a bad mood. In this case, how should Ivan Ivanovich be described?
You will certainly describe the street scene from the eyes of Ivan Ivanovich, who
is walking in a sad state, because he does not see the happy scenes on the street.
Although the sun was shining, it seemed misty, cloudy and damp to him."
1
.
In our opinion, depicting the real landscape in accordance with the mood
of the character, or vice versa, depends more on the style and skill of the writer.
To this day, the short story is considered one of the most frequently used epic
genres by writers in modern Uzbek literature. As literary types and genres are
distinguished in literary studies, the description of psychologism in them is also
different. In epic, lyrical and dramatic types, as well as in the genres of the same
type, psychological analysis and depiction of the mental state are manifested in a
unique way. In particular, the short story genre has wide possibilities for the
expression of various psychological methods and artistic speech in illuminating
the inner world of the human heart.
In this regard, the scientist M. Bobakhonov, who conducted research on
the topic "Psychology in contemporary Uzbek short stories", also emphasizes the
short story genre according to the possibilities of the genre for psychological
analysis. "However, since describing the inner world of a person - psychologism
- is a method of building an image, describing, understanding and evaluating one
or another life character, the short story genre can also be a suitable field for
such analysis.”
2
. Also, the research focused on three different forms of
psychologism in fiction. "In literature, the deep artistic study of the human inner
world is called "artistic psychologism"”
3
.
In the short stories of Khurshid Dostmuhammad, the landscape is often
described based on the hero's mood. We can observe the same landscape
1
Толстой А.Н. О литературе и искусстве. – М., Сов.писатель, 1956. – Стр 310.
2
Бобохонов М. Қиссаларда: Ҳозирги ўзбек қиссачилигида психологизм: Фил. фанлари
номзоди…диссертацияси. – Тошкент, 2012. – 31-бет.
3
Бобохонов М. Қиссаларда: Ҳозирги ўзбек қиссачилигида психологизм: Фил. фанлари
номзоди…диссертацияси. – Тошкент, 2012.– 18-бет.
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described in the following excerpt from Khurshid Dostmuhammad's story
"Yolgiz":
"He was pleased when the iron door opened with a familiar light. They
pushed, shoved, kicked and insulted the 16-year-old who came in the "Black
Beetle" through the door. When he hit it, it would burst his ears - Abdullah saw
when he walked three steps that there was a dark shadow inside. "When the
moon goes under the clouds, they, that is, owls, chirp and chirp as if enjoying
themselves. At this time, there is a sound like moaning from inside the nest of
owls...” Abdulla put all his efforts in his ears, he felt that all kinds of insects were
whispering and buzzing in the corner of the room, jumping and jumping like
grasshoppers. Creeping and squirming, the gnat-like creatures began to close in
on the newly arrived aristoans like a div, and began to occupy their bodies
with a hungry appetite”
4
.
In the play, in accordance with the depressed mood of Abdulla, who
returned from the trial, all his hopes were dashed, and he was alone in the truth,
the iron door opened with light, and the moon went behind the clouds,
especially the incoherent buzzing of various insects. It was as if his crawling had
completely "occupied his organs from inside and outside".
The writer can clearly express the subtle and incomprehensible feelings
of the hero's inner experiences in his speech, and in this process skillfully uses
various forms of speech: convincingly describes”
5
.
In Khurshid Dostmuhammad's short story "Yolgiz", although Abdulla
Qadiri's article is taken as the main event, the author writes his goals and
thoughts in his own language. That is, the real events experienced by the hero
are combined with the artistic textures of the writer, so that it is difficult for an
ordinary reader to notice it. To a certain extent, the formation of this style of the
writer was prompted by the skillful use of the "state" of the heroes of Abdulla
Qadiri's works, including "The Past Days", "The Feast of the Demons".
Also, the writer considered it his main goal to portray our enlightened
intellectuals as persons who had a significant impact on the life of the people: "In
the story "Yolgiz", the author shows that not only the works of great artists, but
also their personalities are an important support for the spiritual life of people.
refers to"
6
. Actually, while analyzing the story, we realize that the place of
intellectuals is important in our historical conditions. At the same time, we feel
4
Дўстмуҳаммад Х. “Ёлғиз” // Қисса. – Toшкент: Янги аср авлоди, 2021. – 788- б.
5
Кўчирма Дўстмуҳаммад Х. Қиссалар. – Тошкент: Янги аср авлоди, 2021. (А.Улуғовнинг кириш
сўзидан олинди) – 12- б.
6
Кўчирма Дўстмуҳаммад Х. Қиссалар. – Тошкент: Янги аср авлоди, 2021. (А.Улуғовнинг кириш
сўзидан олинди) – 22- б.
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from their mental state that the intellectuals have become victims of the
complexities of the time. That's how the writer's skill can be seen.
If we talk about the short story style, it is necessary to give unique
information about the life and creative path of the writer Abdulla Qadiri, the
founder of the Uzbek novel, by describing only one event that happened in his
life. finding facts and evidences related to biography and artistic and scientific
reflection on them constitute the main ideological-aesthetic essence of the story.
Abdulla Qadiri, who was appointed as the hero of the story "Yolgiz", has no idea
why he was imprisoned, he has been detained for several days without any
questioning, and he tortures himself by searching for the reason. He is severely
depressed. He will be alone with himself.
The stylistic uniqueness of Khurshid Dostmuhammad is clearly visible in the
means of artistic representation, such as portraits, landscapes, mental states.
List of used literature:
1.
Бобохонов
М.
Қиссаларда:
Ҳозирги
ўзбек
қиссачилигида
психологизм: Фил. фанлари номзоди…диссертацияси. – Тошкент, 2012.
2.
Дўстмуҳаммад Х. Қиссалар. – Тошкент: Янги аср авлоди, 2021.
3.
Жирмунский В. Стихотворение Гёте и Байрона: Ты знаешь край? Изд.
МГУ, 1961. – 29 стр.
4.
Толстой А.Н. О литературе и искусстве. – М., Сов.писатель, 1956.
5.
Тулабоева Р. Худойберди Тўхтабоев романларида бадиий
психологизм: Филология фанлари бўйича фалсафа доктори (PhD)
диссертацияси. – Тошкент, 2019.
