ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
122
METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING GEOGRAPHY TO STUDENTS IN
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Erkinov Ramziddin Tulkin ugli
Doctoral student (PhD) of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
Professor-teacher of the Department of Natural Sciences
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12530739
Abstract:
This article considers the main problems related to the
organization of the educational process, taking into account the peculiarities of
teaching geography and the characteristics of children's perception of the world
around them. Methodical methods of using visual aids in geography lessons for
children with disabilities are analyzed, the experience of working with didactic
material is described.
Key words:
Inclusive education, individual education, geographical
methods, modern methods, pedagogical innovations, training manuals,
handouts, action and visual games. Working with maps.
The practice of inclusive education is based on the idea of accepting the
individuality of each student, and therefore education should create a corrective
environment in such a way as to meet the special needs of each child.
Development and correction of intellectual activity of students with disabilities
is considered in geography lessons. In organizing geography classes, the skills of
the pedagogue are in the first place to ensure the education of students with
disabilities. A teacher who teaches children with disabilities inevitably faces a
number of problems. For example, how to ensure the success of every student in
learning, how to maintain and strengthen the child's health while organizing
educational activities.
Teaching disabled children will be effective if the following pedagogical
conditions are met:
- use of customized educational programs and training manuals;
- drawing up work programs and lesson notes that contribute to their
comprehensive development, taking into account the characteristics of the
psychophysical development of disabled students;
- application of an individual approach, taking into account the emotional and
volitional sphere, a person-oriented and differential approach;
- exchange of mental and practical activities, use of interesting and colorful
didactic materials and visual aids;
- use of changing activities during training (physical education and other
interesting activities);
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
123
Using methods that activate students' cognitive activity and cognitive interest in
the subject of "Geography";
- constant monitoring of homework completion (necessary volume, compliance
with the given material);
- unity and consistency of requirements for students with disabilities.
The main goal of today's pedagogue should be the use of active teaching
methods, games and information and communication technologies when
conducting geography lessons. Multimedia presentations, educational and
documentary films, as well as various didactic materials should be widely used
in the educational process. Textbook and workbook are the main teaching tools,
which are actively used in every lesson. During the lesson, students work with
textbook materials, a colorful appendix to the textbook, and after studying the
topic, they should be asked to test their knowledge with questions after the
paragraphs or tasks in the workbook.
The set of lessons conducted on the formation of cognitive interest in geography
includes:
- the use of a large number of game methods and forms. For example, exercise
games last about 10 minutes and are aimed at improving the cognitive abilities
of children with disabilities, and are also a good way to develop cognitive
interests, understand and reinforce the lesson material.
"Hatching" exercise. In this exercise, a contour map divides the continents in
different ways. This exercise is aimed at developing and correcting coordinated
movements of visual and motor analyzers.
"Identify by outline" exercise. In this exercise, children are asked to recognize
the continents by their contours, the task can be complicated by turning the
images of the continents upside down. Physical exercises help to develop visual
perception, memory and attention.
Exercise "Color program" (for individual work). The child is given 6 color
images of the continents, he must place the maps on the world map. The exercise
develops the ability to move the eye in space and perceive areas.
"Geographic alphabet" exercise. The task is to list the terms in alphabetical
order. The task is performed orally or in writing, face-to-face or individually,
within a certain time.
"Geographic crossword" exercise. Any crossword is useful to enrich our
vocabulary. These exercises are suitable for school-aged students, and it was
considered very important to use crosswords for students of different ages.
Students perceive such geographical tasks as different games. They always play
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
124
games like this with pleasure. Observing the learning process shows that
students effectively perform these exercise tasks even at the end of the lesson
when they run out of learning opportunities. Some geographical exercises help
to improve the creative literacy of students. For example, tasks that require
geographic schematic drawings. This greatly facilitates the work of students who
have difficulty expressing their thoughts or answers verbally.
There are also additional geographic tasks to develop the scientific skills of
students with disabilities. For example, working with the plasticine method. A
model of a mountain range is made from plasticine. Its parts are marked with
symbols, or a volcano model is made from plasticine. Such activities train
concentration, hard work, develop perception and increase interest in
geography. In raising and teaching children with disabilities, the teacher should
not only impart knowledge, but also develop the ability to think independently.
During extracurricular hours, we can use the following board games for
individual work to develop worldview, color perception, logical thinking and
fine motor skills of students with disabilities:
Note "Monuments of the World". Each card in the collection contains famous
architectural monuments of the world. The set includes a booklet describing all
the locations shown on the cards.
World Map Puzzle is a puzzle game where the child has to create a picture from
a large number of pieces.
Magical Geography is a game guide that can be used to explore the geography
and habitats of fauna around the world. The game manual has many stickers that
can be applied and removed many times without leaving any marks. Each sticker
can then be examined individually, explaining which part of the Earth and
climate is best suited for that animal and why. Visualization is a tool that helps to
implement the process of inclusive education. Images attract students' attention,
arouse their emotions, and help them remember the material. Inclusive
education in geography is a process of education and upbringing in which all
children, regardless of their physical, mental, intellectual and other
characteristics, are included in the general education system and receive
education in their place of residence together with their peers with disabilities. .
They are general educational institutions that take into account their special
educational needs and provide the necessary specialist support. Inclusive
education involves the involvement of children with different disabilities in the
educational process and educational institutions create appropriate conditions
for this. Geographic infographics are an old-fashioned reference point, so time-
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
125
tested techniques can work well in modern settings. An infographic is not just
something created on a computer, but organized information and its graphic
representation. You can also create infographics by drawing on paper or
whiteboard by hand or on computer. Each teacher plans his activities
independently: chooses interesting, convenient, personal and practice-oriented
content. Uses various manuals and technical means to achieve goals. Organizes
various activities for children, including creative activities related to various
types of art, excursions, didactic games, etc.
The practice of inclusive education is based on the idea of accepting the
individuality of each student, and therefore, education should be organized in
such a way as to meet the special needs of each child, by organizing a
correctional space. Development and correction of intellectual activity of
students with disabilities is considered in geography lessons.
Education in many ways determines a person's life, his well-being, success and
the possibility of self-realization. Prospects of social development in the modern
world mainly depend on the state of the education system, its ability to meet the
needs of individuals and society for high-quality educational services.
Psychological-pedagogical thought is increasingly addressing the problems of
person-oriented education. Teachers are increasingly interested in personality
development and internal mechanisms of self-development. A child is not only
an object of external influence, but also a subject of his own life. The object of
influence should not be the student himself with his special inner world, but the
conditions under which he grows up and builds himself as a person. The fact is
that the modern school is not able to take into account the psychophysiological
characteristics of the child, to build an individual trajectory of his development
on this basis, to create conditions for the maximum realization of the individual,
both with gifted children and with gifted children.
While working on the problem of activation of cognitive activity in geography
classes, tasks are set to make educational activities interesting, to make difficult
material understandable and simple for students, and to make lessons more
interesting. The introduction of non-traditional methods and forms of teaching
at different stages of the lesson helped to solve these problems. In geography
classes, it is important to improve the environment of interest in knowledge,
research, creation, and the desire to develop intelligence. Therefore, it is
necessary to look for different ways and methods of supporting students'
cognitive interests in any type of cognitive activity, in any direction.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
126
References:
1. Afanasyeva L.V., Gordeyuk T.N. "Features of the educational process in
correctional classes: technologies, development lessons" Volgograd, publishing
house: Uchitel, 2011.
2. Mayorova N.P., Chepurnykh E.E., Shurukht S.M. "Teaching life skills" St.
Petersburg. "Education and Culture" publishing house, 2002.
3. Fopel K. "How to teach children to cooperate?" Psychological games and
exercises" 4 volumes. T.1 M.: Ibtido, 1998.
4. Fopel K. "How to teach children to cooperate?" Psychological games and
exercises" 4 volumes. - T.4 M.: Genesis, 1999.
5. Shapovalova O.E. "Psychological-pedagogical support of emotional
development of mentally retarded schoolchildren" - M.; V. Sekachev, 2007.
