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FEATURES OF GROWING ROMAINE LETTUCE AND YIELD
INDICATORS OF VARIETAL SAMPLES.
The son of Ergashev Javokhir Iskandar
is a doctoral student
Samarkand State University named after Sharaf Rashidov
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14507586
Abstract.
This article analyzes the biochemical composition of samples of
romaine lettuce, that is, the amount of dry matter, sugar, vitamin C and nitrates
in its content, and the productivity indicators are presented.
Abstract.
В данной статье анализируется биохимический состав
образцов салата Ромэн, то есть количество сухого вещества, сахара,
витамина С и нитратов в его составе, а также представлены показатели
урожайности.
Keywords
. Green vegetables, Romaine lettuce, variety, leaf growth, head
wrapping, lettuce head, biochemical composition, dry matter, mineral salts,
sugar, vitamins, nitrates, productivity.
Ключевые слова.
Зеленые овощи, салат Ромэн, сорт, рост листовой,
белокочанная капуста, капустный салат, биохимический состав, сухие
ингредиенты,
минеральная
соль,
сахар,
витамины,
нитраты,
урожайность.
Enter.
Vegetables are of special importance for human health because
they are absorbed without changes or loss of mineral salts and vitamins
contained in them [1]. Vegetables are better and more fully assimilated by
people and contribute to the better assimilation (fermentation) of meat, fish,
and other products. In this case, green vegetables, such as salad, are important
[3].
Salad from green vegetables is one of the rapidly developing crops in our
Republic today. Large-scale scientific research is being conducted on the
cultivation of different types and varieties of salad and the creation and
introduction of new varieties. However, until now, the varieties and hybrids of
romaine lettuce suitable for growing in the soil and climate conditions of our
republic have not been created. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce newly
created varieties and hybrids of romaine lettuce, study their growth and
development, and determine the important elements of cultivation technology,
i.e., the optimal planting period, planting scheme, and feeding standards, as well
as to choose suitable varieties and hybrids.
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The obtained results and their analysis. Romaine lettuce grows large,
upright, and forms a loose head of lettuce within a large vertical stem of long
leaves. The growing season of romaine lettuce lasts 70-100 days between
varieties and hybrids. Lettuce is a cold-resistant plant, and 15-200°C and 12–150
°C at night is a comfortable temperatures for the growth of leaves and heads.
The physiological minimum temperature for its growth is 50 °C [3].
Romaine lettuce is usually grown in the fall for winter use. This salad is
grown from seedlings or directly from seeds. Romaine lettuce is transplanted
with roots in November. Its large heads are distributed to consumers in the
autumn. And the rest are buried in ertulas, nurseries or greenhouses for full
cultivation and winter use. 8–10 kg is obtained per 1 m
2
of fully grown lettuce
[2].
The head of romaine lettuce is widely used for food purposes; therefore,
during our experiments, the biochemical composition of the varieties studied,
that is, the amount of dry matter, sugar, vitamin C and nitrates in them, was
analyzed (Table 1).
In the first year of our research, when the dry matter content of Romaine
lettuce varieties was studied, its amount was 4.90–6.05% among variety
samples. The highest indicator of dry matter storage is in Aktina (6.05), Batsio
(6.04), the relatively high indicator Sladkiy Khrust (5.92), Ballon (5.91), and
Maximus (5.86) in variety samples, and the lowest value was recorded in
Quintus (4.96) and Dandy (4.90) variety samples.
Also, the amount of sugar in
samples of this variety increased from 2.61% to 2.95%. The highest rate of sugar
content was recorded in the sample of the Batsio variety and was 2.95%. A
relatively high result on sugar content was shown in Ballon (2.93%), Actina
(2.91%), and Maximus (2.88%) variety samples. The high or low values of
vitamin C retention in the samples of romaine lettuce determine its nutritional
value. It was observed that the content of vitamin C in the studied variety
samples was from 12.82 mg% to 15.71 mg%.
Table 1
Biochemical composition and yield indicators of romaine lettuce variety
samples, 2023
№ Var samples
Biochemical composition
Weight of
one
head of
lettuce, g
Average
yield, t/ha
dry
matter,
%
sugar,
%
vitamins
S, mg%
nitrates,
mg/kg
1.
Actina
6,05
2,91
15,71
1425
521,1
29,0
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2.
Maximus
5,86
2,88
13,88
1485
405,9
26,2
3.
Ballon
5,91
2,93
14,18
1474
416,2
27,3
4.
Sweet crust
5,92
2,83
14,21
1460
498,8
28,2
5.
Dandy
4,90
2,61
12,82
1427
356,2
25,5
6. Batsio
6, 04
2,95
14,91
1438
537,1
30,9
7.
Kvintus
4,96
2,65
14,49
1459
381,4
26,0
∑
40,05
19,79 100,2
10168
3116,7
193,1
Avarage (X)
5,66
2,82
14,31
1452,5
445,2
27,6
When the amount of nitrates in romaine lettuce was also studied, this
indicator was 1425-1485 mg/kg among variety samples. In our experiments, the
highest rate of nitrate storage was observed in Maximus (1485 mg/kg), Ballon
(1474 mg/kg), and the lower rate in Aktina (1425 mg/kg), Dandi (1427 mg /kg)
and Batsio (1438 mg/kg) were determined in samples of the variety. It was
noted that Quintus (1459 mg/kg), Sladkiy Khrust (1460 mg/kg) variety samples
occupied an intermediate position.
In the samples of romaine lettuce studied in the experiment, the indicators
of the head of lettuce consisting of one ball of leaves on average were also
analyzed. Also, the average weight of one head of lettuce was 381.4-537.1 grams
between varieties. In our experiments, Sladkiy Khrust (498.8 g), Aktina (521.1 g)
and Batsio (537.1 g) cultivars stood out for the highest weight of lettuce heads.
In our research, the yield of romaine lettuce variety samples increased from 25.5
tons to 30.9 tons according to repetitions. The increase or decrease of
productivity per hectare depends on the characteristics of the variety, and the
highest yield was achieved in samples of the variety that formed a high-weight
salad head.
Among the variety samples, the highest yield was observed in Sladkiy
Khrust (28.2 t/ha), Aktina (29.0 t/ha) and Batsio (30.9 t/ha), while the lowest
result was Dandi. (25.5 t/ha) and Quintus (26.0 t/ha) were recorded in samples
of the variety.
Summary.
So, cultivation of romaine lettuce varieties such as Sladkiy
Khrust (28.2 t/ha), Aktina (29.0 t/ha) and Batsio (30.9 t/ha) in the conditions of
gray meadow soils of Samarkand region providing 28.2-30.9 tons of harvest per
hectare.
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