Том 3 № 50 (2024): Академические исследования в современной науке

shundaki,  bemorlarda tishlarning notekis holatini tuzatishda  samaradorlik va natijalarni shundayligicha saqlab turish usullari haqida savollar, qiziquvchilar sonining ko'payishi bilan bog'liq.

The policy of digitization of socio-economic processes includes the main goals of introducing innovations in economic sectors, making public services and governance transparent, developing digital infrastructure, ensuring information security, and ensuring the convenient and easy delivery of social services to all segments of society. In our country, the policy of digitization is mainly aimed at increasing the efficiency of the economy, improving the quality of life of the population, and ensuring global competitiveness through the introduction of innovative technologies.

Many properties of distribution functions can be characterized in terms of their characteristic functions. This suggests that statistical inference about such properties might utilize the characteristic function. This requires that some means be found to gather information about the characteristic function from a random sample. In this investigation, the empirical characteristic function is proposed to do this.

In various interpretations, both scientific and reference literature, the field of education is understood as a complex of structural features that reflect the peculiarities, laws of the cultural space of an educational institution and a particular society. In addition to this concept, state documents on education, modern pedagogical research and scientific work use the concept of “field of Education”, which means “the unity of educational, extracurricular and socially significant activities of students. Creating such an environment requires the teacher to constantly creatively search for new effective forms and technologies, organizational foundations and innovative tools” [4].

Analyzing the impact of nanomaterials on cells is critical to assessing their potential risks. One key aspect is studying the ability of aluminum oxide nanoparticles to accumulate in cellular structures such as organelles and cytoplasm, and their effects on cellular morphology and viability, including induction of cytotoxicity and changes in metabolomic and proteomic profiles.

Mahalliy budjet daromadlari davlat va jamiyatning rivojlanishida muhim rol o'ynaydi. Mahalliy boshqaruv organlari o'z hududlarida yashovchi aholi uchun turli ijtimoiy xizmatlarni taqdim etishda, infratuzilma rivojida va iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta'minlashda asosan mahalliy byudjetdan foydalanadilar. Shu sababli, mahalliy byudjet daromadlarini oshirish, jamiyatning farovonligi va hududning iqtisodiy o'sishini ta'minlashda juda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

This article analyzes the biochemical composition of samples of romaine lettuce, that is, the amount of dry matter, sugar, vitamin C and nitrates in its content, and the productivity indicators are presented.

Mazkur tezisda ishda iqtisodiy sud ishlarini yuritish prinsiplari, ularning mohiyati va sud amaliyotidagi ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Milliy va xalqaro huquqiy tajriba misolida qonuniylik, adolat, shaffoflik va samaradorlik prinsiplari o‘rganilib, sud tizimini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqot iqtisodiy nizolarni samarali hal qilish va sud-huquq amaliyotini modernizatsiya qilishga qaratilgan.

During the years of independence, in order to educate a harmonious generation, the future of Uzbekistan, in the spirit of respect for the history of the Motherland, historical memory, historical appreciation, and historical pride, it was set a goal to raise the level of providing young people with knowledge about our great heritage, to develop the historical consciousness of young students in the education system at all levels.

neyrolingvistika til va miya o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlikni o‘rganuvchi fanlararo sohadir. U til qobiliyatlarining inson miyasida qanday shakllanishi, ishlashi va buzilishlarini tadqiq qiladi. Zamonaviy lingvistikada neyrolingvistik tadqiqotlar til o‘zlashtirish, ikki tillilik va afaziya kabi til buzilishlarini tushunishga yordam beradi, shu orqali lingvistika, psixologiya va kognitiv fanlar rivojiga katta hissa qo‘shadi.

Қовуннинг ўртапишар ва кечпишар нав намуналарининг турли муддатларда етиштиришга мос, ҳосилдор ва истиқболли янги навларини яратиш усулларини ўрганиш.

Ushbu maqola kognitiv metafora nazariyasining (KMN) tilshunoslikdagi ahamiyatini o‘rganadi va uning ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi madaniy semantikaga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishini tahlil qiladi. Lakoff va Jonsonning KMNga oid qarashlariga ko‘ra, metaforalar faqat til vositasi emas, balki inson tafakkuri va idrokini shakllantiruvchi asosiy elementdir. Ushbu tadqiqotda ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi metaforik ifodalar qiyosiy jihatdan ko‘rib chiqiladi, ularning umumiy va madaniy jihatdan o‘ziga xos tomonlari yoritiladi.

This article provides detailed information about the ISO 9001 standard and its application in the field of education. It analyzes how the main principles of the ISO 9001 quality management system—customer orientation, process-based management, and continuous improvement—can help enhance quality in educational institutions. The article also discusses the steps for implementing the standard in educational institutions, its advantages, and provides practical examples. This article is useful for professionals interested in applying international standards aimed at improving the quality of education.

This article discusses the influence of the scientific legacy of the ancient philosopher Claudius Ptolemy on the astronomical views of the natural scientist and philosopher Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Jaghmīnī from Transoxiana.

Maqolada limon navlari mevalarini sovutkichli omborlarda saqlanganda, mevalar tarkibidagi kislota  va o‘zgarishi o‘rganilgan.

Ushbu maqolada arab tilida so‘z yasalishi va uning morfologik xususiyatlari o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqotda arab tilining ildiz-qolip tizimi va uning so‘z shakllanishdagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Arab tili flektiv morfologiya tizimiga ega bo‘lib, uch undoshli ildizlar asosida turli qoliplar yordamida yangi grammatik va leksik shakllar hosil qilinadi. Maqolada arab tili so‘z yasalishining o‘ziga xosligi va uning ingliz tili bilan qiyosiy tahlili ham keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda tashqi iqtisodiy faoliyatni davlat tomonidan tartibga solish mexanizmini takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlari, tashqi iqtisodiy faoliyat subyektlarining huquqlari, tashqi iqtisodiy faoliyatning asosiy yo‘nalishlari, xalqaro iqtisodiy va moliyaviy hamkorlik, tashqi savdo faoliyati, O‘zbekiston Respublikasidan tashqaridagi investitsiya faoliyati,  va shu kabi boshqa ahamiyat berilishi lozim bo‘lgan jihatlar haqida fikr yuritilgan. Shuningdek, tashqi iqtisodiy faoliyatni davlat tomonidan tartibga solish borasidagi tahlillardan kelib chiqqan holda tegishli xulosa va takliflar keltirib o‘tilgan

Women represent a substantial and often untapped potential within the global small business sector. Empowering women in small business development can lead to enhanced economic growth, poverty alleviation, and the promotion of gender equality. This paper explores the key barriers women face in establishing and scaling small businesses, the significance of empowerment through access to education, finance, mentorship, and networks, and the broader socio-economic benefits of supporting women entrepreneurs. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of government policies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and private-sector initiatives in fostering an ecosystem conducive to female entrepreneurship. By examining current initiatives and providing recommendations for future action, this study emphasizes that empowering women in small business development is not only a moral imperative but a strategic economic investment.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the significance of differentiation and individualization strategies in the educational system, methods of measuring their effectiveness and the problems encountered in their practical application. The study analyzes performance measures such as test scores, diagnostic evaluations, and portfolio analysis, and explores their strengths and weaknesses. The article also highlights the technological, organizational and pedagogical problems encountered in the implementation of these strategies and provides practical recommendations for their solution. In the concluding part, the strategic importance of differentiation and individualization in improving the quality of education is emphasized. The article contains scientific and practical recommendations for the successful application of these approaches in the educational system.

Ona tili darslarida oʻquvchilarga matn tuzilishini oʻrganish kerakligi muammosini lingvistik asoslarni aniqlab olish orqaligina hal etish mumkin. Shu fikrdan kelib chiqib matn tilshunosligiga doir ilmiy-nazariy manbalarni oʻrganish, matn tuzilishini belgilovchi komponentlarni aniqlashtirish bilan bogʻliq tahlillarni amalga oshiramiz: xorij tilshunosligida yaratilgan ayrim ishlar[1:38]

The aim of the research is to discuss the role of employers in the educational process of universities in ensuring the quality of education services and preparing high-quality graduates. In modern conditions, the implementation of the integration principle of education, science, and production ensures a balance between the content of educational programs, research outcomes, and production results. The findings of the article can serve as a guide for potential managers and practitioners in academia, highlighting the most crucial aspects of collaboration between universities and employers.

Ushbu maqolada qishloq xo‘jaligi va mahalliy aholi uchun neft bazalarining ahamiyati o‘rganiladi. Unda neft mahsulotlarining qishloq xo‘jaligi texnikalarini boshqarishda, oziq-ovqat yetishtirishda va mahalliy aholini energiya bilan ta’minlashdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, neft bazalarining infratuzilmasi, uning iqtisodiy va ekologik ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Xorazm viloyati sharoitida tokning sifatli mo’l hosil beruvchi navlarini yetishtirish, ularning sovuq havo haroratiga chidamliligini ananaviy dala usulida aniqlandi. Bunda kuzatilgan navlar bo’yicha zararlanish darajasi tahlil qilindi.

В статье рассмотрены противоаллергические средства, их классификация и механизмы действия. Описаны основные причины возникновения аллергических реакций в стоматологии и подходы к их профилактике и лечению. Подчеркнута важность правильного выбора препаратов и алгоритмов действий стоматолога при аллергических состояниях.

В данной статье описываются витамины, их применение, патологические состояния, возникающие из-за их дефицита, и их влияние на организм человека.

Статья посвящена противовоспалительным средствам, их классификации, механизмам действия и применению в стоматологии. Рассматриваются основные показания к применению этих препаратов, а также их роль в лечении воспалительных заболеваний слизистой оболочки полости рта, десен и других структур. Также освещены вопросы выбора противовоспалительных препаратов в зависимости от клинической ситуации и состояния пациента.

This article explores the concept of psychological and pedagogical competence, focusing on its various dimensions and types. It examines both foreign and domestic approaches to defining competence in education, highlighting social, special, individual, and extreme professional competencies. The article further delves into A.K. Markova's and N.V. Kuzmina's classifications, which emphasize the teacher's ability to apply specialized knowledge, methods, and communication skills in pedagogy. Additionally, it underscores the importance of methodological competence and the teacher’s self-reflection, offering insights into the formation and modeling of psychological and pedagogical competence in higher education.

В статье рассматриваются физические принципы работы биполярных (BJT) и полевых (FET) транзисторов, которые являются основными элементами современной электроники. Описаны структура и устройство каждого типа транзисторов, а также основные режимы их работы. Подробно обсуждаются процессы инжекции, диффузии носителей заряда в биполярных транзисторах и управление электрическим полем в полевых транзисторах. Проведен сравнительный анализ их характеристик, позволяющий определить области их применения. Статья подчеркивает значение транзисторов в развитии аналоговых и цифровых технологий.

Tildagi sinonimiya turli sabablarga ko‘ra paydo bo‘lishi mumkin. Xitoy tilida leksik sinonimiyaning bir qancha manbalari mavjud. Ko‘pgina sinonim so‘zlar tilda nozik semantik farqlarni etkazish zarurati natijasida paydo bo‘ladi. Xitoy tilida ikkita adabiy me’yorning – eski (venyan) va yangi (bayxua) mavjudligi ham sinonimlarning paydo bo‘lishining muhim sabablaridan biridir. 

Конъюнктивит — это воспаление конъюнктивы, прозрачной оболочки, которая покрывает белок глаза и внутреннюю поверхность век которого приводит к частой причины покраснения глаза и как вследствие этого возникает жалобы зуда. Заболевание может быть вызвано различными причинами, включая инфекции, бактерии   различные аллергены или аллергии. Пострадать могут люди любого возраста. Во многих случаях   острые процессы заболевания   обычно диагностируются не офтальмологами, например педиатрами и врачами общей практики. Хотя конъюнктивит обычно является временным и сезонным заболеванием, которое не часто приводит к потере зрения.

В современных условиях развития телекоммуникационной инфраструктуры особую актуальность приобретает задача эффективного мониторинга и управления оптоволоконными сетями доступа. Постоянное увеличение объемов передаваемых данных, рост числа подключенных устройств и повышение требований к качеству обслуживания создают новые вызовы для операторов связи в области обеспечения надежности и отказоустойчивости сетевой инфраструктуры.

Ushbu maqolada gurichni sarash qo‘yilgan talablar va usullari hamda guruch saralash qurilmasining tuzilish va texnologik ish jarayoni bo‘yicha ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

в этой статье обсуждается использование цифровых технологий в естественно-научном образовании, цифровой истории, персональных технологиях, преимуществах цифровых технологий и влиянии этого инструмента на образование студентов.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the significance of differentiation and individualization strategies in the educational system, methods of measuring their effectiveness and the problems encountered in their practical application. The study analyzes performance measures such as test scores, diagnostic evaluations, and portfolio analysis, and explores their strengths and weaknesses. The article also highlights the technological, organizational and pedagogical problems encountered in the implementation of these strategies and provides practical recommendations for their solution. In the concluding part, the strategic importance of differentiation and individualization in improving the quality of education is emphasized. The article contains scientific and practical recommendations for the successful application of these approaches in the educational system.

Maqolada media savodxonlik bo‘yicha insonlarda immunitit hosil qilish, keber hujum va makonlardan himoyalanish keber xavfsizlik choralarini ko‘rish haqida so’z boradi.

Ўзбекистон Республикасида консолидациялашган молиявий ҳисоботни тайёрлаш ва тақдим этиш, шу жумладан, консолидациялашган гуруҳ таркибини белгилаш тартиби қуйидаги рўйхатда келтирилган бир қатор меъёрий-ҳуқуқий ҳужжатлар орқали тартибга солинади:

Axborotni bir kompyuterdan ikkinchi kompyuterga uzatish muammosi hisoblash texnikasi paydo bо'lgandan beri mavjuddir. Axborotlarni bunday uzatish alohida foydalanilayotgan kompyuterlarni birgalikda ishlashini tashkil qilish, bitta masalani bir necha kompyuter yordamida hal qilish imkoniyatlarini beradi. Bundan tashqari har bir kompyuterni ma‘lum bir vazifani bajarishga ixtisoslashtirish va kompyuterlarning resurslaridan birgalikda foydalanish, hamda kо'pgina boshqa muammolarni ham hal qilish mumkin bо'ladi.

This article examines the use of digital geodetic technologies, their advantages and efficiency in the measurement of hydrotechnical structures. The importance of high-precision measurement systems in monitoring the safety and functional condition of hydraulic facilities is highlighted. As a result of the use of digital technologies, significant simplicity and accuracy are provided in the monitoring and analysis of structures.

This article provides a comparative analysis of English and Uzbek adjectives, exploring their similarities and differences in usage, structure, and grammatical features. Key areas such as the position of adjectives, agreement with nouns, degrees of comparison, order of adjectives, and the use of intensifiers are discussed in detail. By highlighting these aspects, the article aims to help language learners understand the unique characteristics of adjectives in both languages, thereby enhancing their linguistic proficiency.

This article explores the role and significance of art pedagogy in developing artistic-aesthetic competence among preschool educators. Artistic-aesthetic competence is crucial in shaping individuals' creative thinking, aesthetic taste, and cultural appreciation of art. The study employs theoretical analysis, empirical research, and experimental approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of art pedagogy tools in educational processes. Results demonstrate that art pedagogy significantly enhances educators' abilities to integrate artistic methods, fostering students' creativity and aesthetic values. The paper also highlights challenges such as resource limitations and the necessity for professional development programs. Recommendations for broader application of art pedagogy in education are provided.