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ORAL CHANGES IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Khatamova Ugiloy Khasanovna
Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14752243
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) from chronic non-communicable diseases
occupies one of the leading places in terms of disability and mortality of patients,
this pathology affects not only the adult population, but also children in various
age categories. According to epidemiological data, 9.1% of the world population
suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an increase in this pathology by
29.3% from 1996 to 2020, while a considerable percentage is occupied by the
child population [2]. From the side of dental status, children with CKD have
various variations. In this regard, raising the awareness of pediatricians about
the impact of the underlying somatic disease on the oral health of children is an
urgent issue.
Study objective:
To assess the prevalence of various oral lesions in
children with CKD.
Material and methods:
to achieve the goal, 68 children with an established
diagnosis of CKD and 20 practically healthy children aged 5 to 15 years were
examined. Of the 68 examined, 16 children (23.53%) were with CKD grade 2, 32
children (47.06%) had CKD grade 3, 15 people (22.06%) with CKD grade 4, and
5 children (7.35%) received programmatic hemodialysis. All the studied were
established dental status and the frequency of detection of its various variations.
When examining the oral cavity in children with CKD, attention was paid to the
type of lesions, the nature of complaints and their location, especially the
presence of burning of the oral mucosa, xerostomia, recurrent aphthas,
traumatic ulcers, inflammation of the corners of the mouth, the presence of
confirmed mycosis, hairy tongue, atrophic mucositis, recurrent herpes on the
lips, taste disorders, salivation disorders, etc.
Study results.
When studying the dental status, the examined revealed oral
lesions in the form of periodontal diseases - periodontitis, the presence of tartar,
bleeding; caries, pulpitis. So periodontitis occurred in healthy people in 40% of
cases, and in the group with CKD in 76.47% (52 children), the presence of tartar
in varying degrees of severity from soft plaque to hard stone was in healthy
people in 32%, and in the group with CKD in 82.35% (56 children), with an
advantage in the group with stage 4 CKD. In some children, periodontal disease
was manifested only by the presence of bleeding in 26.47%, when it was found
among healthy people only in 10% of cases. Among those studied, the presence
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of caries of varying severity was significantly more often established: in the
healthy group it was found in 55% of children, and in the CKD group in 91.17%
of children (62 children). Pulpitis was relatively less common in the examined
children: only 5% in the healthy group, and 20.59% in the CKD group, most of
them were in the advanced stages of CKD and received program hemodialysis. In
addition, in most cases, the presence of aphthous, recurrent stomatitis was
established in patients with CKD (69.12%), when, as in the group of relatively
healthy children, it occurred in 20%.
Also, children have a delay in teething, which, although it does not have a
significant impact on the patient's health, has its own characteristics and a
negative impact on the development and quality of life in general. Of all the
examined, the eruption delay was recorded in more than half of the children -
60.29%, i.e. 41 children.
Conclusion:
During the study, a wide spread of various types of oral
damage in children with CKD was established. Although the causal relationship
between oral diseases and systemic pathology has not yet been fully established,
a positive effect of improving dental status on the course of somatic diseases is
reported and at least improve the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is
necessary to improve the continuity of the work of dentists and nephrologists, to
carry out steady monitoring of the oral health and improve dental care for
children with CKD at its various stages.
