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THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AND ITS PURPOSE: EARLY APPROACHES AND RESEARCH
Bakhtiyorova Durdona Ikhtiyorovna
Assistant at Bukhara Innovative Education and Medical University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14792015
Annotation
The aim of this research is to highlight that although the term "artificial
intelligence" is widely used today, many users are unaware of its inventors and
the time of its creation. However, it is very important for every user to know
who the creator of any product is and what the purpose of its creation is. This
article presents the discoveries in the history of artificial intelligence creation,
the obstacles that emerged in the development of artificial intelligence, and the
research findings on how these obstacles were overcome.
Key words :
artificial intelligence, history of AI, obstacles and
development, AI inventors, AI evolution.
The term “Artificial intelligence” was first established as a separate field of
study in 1956 in London, the capital of England, by the British mathematician
and logician Alan Turing, who was born in 1912. However, the person who first
coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” was the American computer scientist
John McCarthy, who was born in 1927. Both of these great scholars
revolutionized the history of computer science and are considered to be
important figures in this field. Each of these two scientists contributed uniquely
to the field of artificial intelligence. If we examine their contributions
individually, Alan Turing’s original expertise was in mathematics and computer
science. He is considered one of the theoretical founders of the field of artificial
intelligence. The Turing Test, created by Alan Turing, is a test proposed in 1950
with the goal of proving that artificial intelligence is capable of thinking and
acting like a human in various situations. This test has been conducted
numerous times, but critics have rejected his advanced ideas. If the test were
successful and artificial intelligence passed, it would prove that AI possesses a
mind equal to or indistinguishable from that of a human. However, if we look at
the history of the ancient world, we can see that the belief in artificial things
rather than natural ones existed even in ancient times. Artificial intelligence has
undergone significant historical processes in a short period. However, analysts
also acknowledge that its history traces back to Ancient Rome and Greece.
According to researchers’ theories, in Ancient Greece, artificial power was
envisioned in the form of gods who were seen as sources of power by humans.
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During this period, societies that believed in miracles lived based on their
ideological views, and this environment stimulated the emergence of new
knowledge and learned individuals. Scientific figures like Pythagoras, Aristotle,
and Ptolemy carried out inventions that were considered miracles in their time.
These ideas formed beliefs about how artificial power could help accomplish
impossible tasks, beyond the natural world. The subsequent period of artificial
intelligence history was linked to religious views. Religious community
members contributed to the development of artificial intelligence by
encouraging the acquisition of worldly knowledge. In the Middle Ages, science
and technology flourished in the East, which later laid the foundation for the
emergence of the Renaissance in the West and gave a significant boost to the
development of artificial intelligence. Alan Turing’s research played a crucial
role in establishing the scientific foundations of artificial intelligence. In 1936,
Turing proposed the “Turing Machine” model, developing a new approach to
understanding computational processes performed by computers. This concept
later became one of the fundamental principles of modern computers and
artificial intelligence systems, earning Turing recognition as one of the founders
of artificial intelligence. In 1950, Turing developed the “Turing Test” which, as
mentioned above, proved to be a practical measure of how well artificial
intelligence could replicate human cognitive abilities. Turing’s research had a
significant impact on both the theoretical and practical development of artificial
intelligence. His 1950 article, “Can Machines Think?”, brought revolutionary
changes not only to the field of computer science but also to the field of artificial
intelligence. The central idea of his work was to answer the question, “Can
computers think like humans?” The early approaches to artificial intelligence
were focused on understanding human thinking processes and modeling them
with the help of computers.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the history of artificial intelligence (AI) is deeply rooted in both
ancient philosophical ideas and 20th-century scientific advancements. From the
early philosophical reflections on artificial power in ancient civilizations to Alan
Turing’s revolutionary contributions, AI has evolved into a field with great
potential. Turing’s groundbreaking work, especially his Turing Machine model
and the Turing Test, laid the foundation for understanding and developing AI.
Despite facing criticism and challenges, AI continues to advance through
technological innovations and interdisciplinary research. In the future, the
development of AI holds great promise, not only in replicating human cognition
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but also in reshaping our understanding of both natural and artificial
intelligence. The future of AI, like its past, will be shaped by continuous
exploration, breakthroughs, and ongoing research to answer fundamental
questions about the nature of thinking and intelligence.
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