ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION IN INCREASING THE
EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGY LESSONS
Akhtamov Abror Anvar oglu
Independent researcher at Navoi State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14799382
Annotation:
The article discusses the development of natural and
scientific literacy of students through the integration of biology lessons in
general education schools, the factors of knowledge acquisition and self-control
in students based on a competency-based approach, the formation of students'
worldview, creativity in the formation of science-related compensations, and
independent knowledge acquisition on their own.
Also, the stages of using interesting and historical information in
educational practice and developing skills in organizing and teaching biology
lessons were studied.
Key words:
integration, competence, wheat, birds, fish, butterflies, power
plant,
Global socio-economic changes taking place in the world, including in the
education system, have led to a special focus on scientific literacy in the practice
of training intellectually competent, talented, and creatively thinking specialists,
and in international assessment studies to increase the readiness of students
and teachers.
Effective research is being conducted to ensure that quality changes in
education meet international educational requirements, develop students'
reading, mathematical, scientific literacy, and creative thinking, and achieve
positive results by participating in international assessment programs.
Therefore, it is recommended to conduct research aimed at introducing an
educational environment that creates conditions for students to use their
competencies, realize their abilities, creativity, and initiatives.
In the system of continuous education of our country, reforms are being
carried out aimed at ensuring the development of modern competency-based
approaches in the general secondary education system, which envisages the
formation of educational and cognitive competencies in students based on
advanced foreign experiences. “Fundamentally improving the quality of general
secondary education, in-depth study of other important and highly demanded
subjects such as chemistry and biology” have been identified as priority tasks.
Implementing reforms in all areas, monitoring results, determining the
effectiveness of educational policies in countries based on international ratings,
and effectively using international research will open up new opportunities.
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Integration in education is achieved not by one-sided, but by
comprehensive development of the student's knowledge and perception of the
world.
Integration (from the Latin integratio - restoration, completion, integer - whole)
is the process of convergence and interaction of disciplines, accompanied by
differentiation.
Interdisciplinary communication (integration) is the basis for the formation
of a scientific worldview, acquaints and teaches the student to correctly and fully
understand nature, logical thinking, and the use of information technologies in
practical activities for the purpose of scientific and technical development; [2;3-
6]
Below are various examples of the use and connection of physical concepts
to illustrate certain topics in biology.
For example, knowledge of the "Archimedes force" can be used to study the
structure of fish and organisms adapted to living in an aquatic environment, and
the effects of the environment on living organisms.
Students are asked the following questions.
1.
Why is the skeleton of fish loose and flexible compared to the skeletons of
other land animals?
2.
Why is the thallus of algae not rigid?
3.
Why do whales and dolphins die in shallow water?
The density of living organisms living in water is very little different from
the density of water. Therefore, their weight is completely balanced by the
Archimedean force. For this reason, aquatic animals do not have a skeleton as
complex as those living on land.
The swim bladder in fish is of great importance in their life. It is the only
organ in fish that has the property of contraction. With the help of the chest and
abdominal muscles, the bladder contracts, changing its size and average density.
As a result, it controls the depth at which the fish can dive under water.
Some fish are called living power plants. The most famous of these are
electric eel fish. These fish have special organs that store electrical energy. Small
electrical voltages generated in ordinary muscle fibers are combined into
batteries consisting of many individual elements consisting of conductors -
nerves. It has been determined that they have up to 8,000 such plates, which are
separated from each other by a thin substance. A nerve coming from the spinal
cord is connected to each plate. These plates act as a kind of capacitor. The eel
accumulates electrical energy in its “capacitors” and discharges it through the
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
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object it touches. These discharges are fatal for small animals. The voltage in the
shock of large eel, which has not been discharged for a long time, can reach 800
V.
The most powerful eel lives in the rivers of northeastern South America.
These fish are two meters long and can deflect the voltmeter needle to 550 V.
Therefore, people cross these rivers only on horseback.
Electric eel discharges its “battery” on
the legs of horses and does not have time to
re-electrify their weapons, people cross the
river unharmed. When checking the
serviceability
of
flashlight
batteries,
sometimes they touch their tongue to their
terminals. If a bitter taste is felt, the battery is considered serviceable. Human
saliva contains a small amount of various salts. When current passes through
saliva, electrolysis occurs, and the components of the solution are separated on
the battery electrodes and a bitter taste is felt.
Birds have sharp vision compared to other
animals. Their eyeballs are very large and have a
unique structure. Due to this, the field of vision is
large. The eyes of chickens and owls have a unique
feature. As is known, the back of the eye is covered
with a very complex retina. The retina consists of a
branched optic nerve, which are rod and cone
receptors that detect light. Cones provide daytime
vision, and rods provide night vision. Since the retina
in the eyes of chickens consists only of cones, they
cannot see at night. The eye of an owl consists only of rods. Therefore, they see
well at night.
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Plants such as wheat, barley,
oats, and rye are green during
development, but change color as
they mature. They initially reflect the
green part of the spectrum and
absorb the red part. Red light has the
greatest thermal effect and is
responsible for the formation of
chlorophyll. As plants mature, their need for organic matter gradually decreases,
and they change color. Plants with this color
absorb less red light.
The rainbow colors in some seashells can
be interpreted as the result of interference, as
can the transparent colored stripes have
observed between the feathers of birds. The
colorful glow of butterfly wings is also due to
interference. If a butterfly wing is observed
through a microscope, it can be seen that it
consists of a large number of elements. The size
of each element corresponds to a unit
wavelength of visible light. Thus, the butterfly wing acts as a kind of diffraction
grating. Rainbow colored stripes are also observed in the eyes of insects such as
dragonflies. This is because their complex eyes consist of a large number of
individual "eyelets" - facets, that is, they are also "living" diffraction gratings.
Therefore, the above recommendations are based on the theoretical and
practical knowledge students have acquired in biology lessons, and they will
develop creative abilities in students, develop skills in working with
information, self-assessment, and increase their readiness for international
assessment studies.
Students will also develop skills in independent learning, connections with
other subjects, and in organizing the learning process and improving the quality
of education in this environment. If the learning process is organized using
interesting information, life problem situations, and biological facts presented in
the PISA tasks, students' deep mastery of biology will contribute to an increase
in the quality and efficiency of education.
References:
1. Ikhtiyarova G, Bekchanov D, Ahadov M. Modern technologies in teaching
chemistry. Textbook. T.Universitet publishing house. p. 108-109
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2. Ismoilov A.A., Kh.J. Daminov Z.A. Kosimova G.A. Primov "Assessment of
creative thinking". Tashkent— 2021.
3. Ahadov M.Sh. Methodology for improving coherence and continuity in
chemistry education. Monograph. T.: "Imperss Media" 2023.–B.207.
4. Ahadov M.Sh. Modern technologies in teaching chemistry. Textbook. Navoi.:
"Navoi" publishing house, 2022.–B.350.
5. Abdukodirov A.A., Pardaev A.Kh. Theory and methodology of technologization
of the educational process. -T.: Science and technology.- 102 p.
