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SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CADMIUM ION
WITH CADION IREA REAGENT
Turayeva M.J.
Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832314
Abstract:
The determination of cadmium ions in environmental samples is
an extremely important task, for which a spectrophotometric method is
proposed in the research work. Cadion IREA is proposed as an analytical
sensitive reagent for the determination of cadmium ions. The reflectance spectra
of cadmium ions with Cadion IREA reagent were obtained on an EMC-30PC-UV-
1800 Spectrophotometer.
Key words:
cadmium, cadion IREA, reagent, spectrophotometric, complex.
Introduction.
The rapid increase in the world population is currently
leading to the development of industrial sectors. In the course of industrial
processes, humans cause unprecedented damage to the environment. Various
harmful components such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, surfactants, acids,
detergents, dyes and toxic metals are resources that pose an ecological risk to
humans, plants and animals [1]. Cadmium is an extremely dangerous heavy
metal. Depending on its chemical composition, cadmium accumulates in the
liver, kidneys and other organs or tissues. Cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the
human div through two main routes: inhalation and ingestion. The main
sources of Cd poisoning are plants or fish rich in it. Many global organizations
are working to set specific limits for the concentration of heavy metals in food,
water and the environment to prevent their harmful effects. High concentrations
of Cd can lead to the development of kidney, liver or brain diseases. Cadmium
accumulates mainly in the kidneys, resulting in kidney disease in those exposed
to moderate to high concentrations. This effect can ultimately lead to the
development of end-stage chronic kidney disease or even death [2-5]. Heavy
metals not only affect living organisms, but also have a significant impact on
plants. Due to the introduction of heavy metals into the environment, human
activities pose a greater threat to the ecosystem than natural phenomena.
Cadmium concentrations above 0.3 mg/kg in soil significantly affect plant
growth and development [6]. [7] Plant roots take up Cd, which is highly
absorbable by living organisms, using apoplastic and symplastic pathways. It is
then transported to the shoots via the xylem with the help of transporters. From
there, it is transported through the phloem to the edible parts of the plant. The
absorption and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plants has a detrimental effect
on the physiological and biochemical functions of plants, leading to changes in
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the structure of their vegetative and reproductive components. The toxic effect
of cadmium metal makes it necessary to constantly monitor its content in
environmental samples.
Methods: There are currently many methods for determining the amount of
cadmium (II) ions in environmental samples, but their several shortcomings
limit their scope of application. Currently, spectroscopic methods are widely
used in the determination of heavy metals. We also developed a method for
spectrophotometric determination of cadmium ions in our research work.
Cadion IREA was chosen as an organic reagent for this. The reflectance spectra
of cadmium ions with Cadion IREA reagent were measured relative to a
reference solution on an EMC-30PC-UV-1800 Spectrophotometer.
1-picute. 1- cadion IREA λмах=410; 2-cadion IREA +Cd
2+
λмах=490
The results show that the wavelength of blue Cadion IREA is λmax=410; the
wavelength of its complex with cadmium ions is λ=490. It can be seen that the
difference in wavelengths is Δλ =80 nm. The contrast of the reaction is high, and
cadmium ions can be detected using the Cadion IREA reagent.
Results: To determine cadmium ions, technogenic water samples belonging
to the Mubarak gas processing plant located in the Kashkadarya region were
used, and the amount of cadmium was determined by the introduction-recovery
method.
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Table 1
Results of spectrophotometric determination of cadmium (II) ions from
wastewater from the Mubarak gas processing plant (n=5; P=0.95)
Me
2+
Entered, mg/l
Found, mg/l
S
S
r
Cd
2
+
1,00
1,0
0,04
0,076
0,052
1,50
1,54
0,06
0,055
0,038
2,00
2,05
0,09
0,083
0,04
The results show that in the sorption-spectroscopic determination of
cadmium ion, the value of S did not exceed 0.083, and the value of Sr did not
exceed 0.52. This allows the method to determine cadmium ions in
environmental samples.
Conclusion: The developed method allows the determination of cadmium
ions, and the mechanisms of complex formation between the cadion IREA
reagent and cadmium ions were studied. The optimal environment for the
reaction, the influence of foreign ions, and the reaction ratios were determined.
The small values of S and Sr indicate that the method can be widely used.
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