Том 4 № 6 (2025)

Доклад посвящена комплексному анализу техники правописания приговора суда, который является ключевым элементом юридической документации и имеет решающее значение для правовой системы. В работе рассматриваются основные требования к структуре и содержанию приговора, правила и нормы, регулирующие его оформление. Доклад подробно анализирует общепринятые стандарты и выявляет типичные ошибки, которые допускаются при оформлении документов. Особое внимание уделяется языковым и стилистическим аспектам текста приговора, включая выбор лексики, соблюдение грамматических норм и пунктуации.

Modern lexicography faces a variety of challenges that arise from the rapid evolution of language, the impact of digital technologies, and the need for inclusivity and bias reduction. As language continues to shift quickly, particularly with the influence of social media and globalization, lexicographers must stay responsive to the emergence of new terms and changing meanings while balancing the longevity of words. To get a complete findings  qualitative analysis, comparative analysis and case study methods have been used . This article explores the challenges in-depth, emphasizing the dynamic nature of lexicography in the digital age and the ongoing need for adaptability and inclusivity in documenting language.

This scientific article shows the role of international trade in the world economy, and also talks about the origin and definitions of international trade. Opinions of scientists about international trade are presented.

Метаболик синдром – бу углевод, ёғ ва оқсил алмашинувининг бузилиши билан тавсифланадиган патологик ҳолат бўлиб, у ошқозон ва унинг шиллиқ қаватида турли морфологик ўзгаришларга олиб келади. Инсулинрезистентлик, гипергликемия ва яллиғланиш метаболик синдромнинг асосий патогенез механизми ҳисобланади. Бугунги кунда бу ҳолатнинг ошқозон шиллиқ қаватига таъсири кам ўрганилган.

Teaching English effectively requires a combination of modern pedagogical methods, interactive learning activities, and the integration of digital tools. This article explores innovative strategies to enhance language acquisition, including communicative approaches, gamification, technology-assisted learning, and differentiated instruction. Additionally, it highlights the significance of cultural immersion, motivation techniques, and student-centered methodologies in fostering language proficiency. The research aims to provide practical recommendations for educators to optimize English language teaching and improve student engagement and retention.

“Authentic texts are actually original texts, which are written by a native speaker for native speakers... This is the category that is usually interpreted as a semiotic space, which is a multi-level holistic formation, as a result of reflecting a certain fragment of reality using a certain sign system...” [3; P.29].

Дунёда 18-54 ёшдагиларнинг аксарияти меҳнатга лаёқатли қатламга мансуб бўлиб, тизза бўғимни шикастланиши ва шикастланишидан кейинги даврларда хар хил асоратлар билан  харакатни чекланишига олиб келади. Асосий жихатлари шиткастланган менискни тикланмаслиги ва жараёнда доимий равишда дегенерацияга учраши оқибатида бўғим харакатини чеклаши, гиподинамия ва хаёт сифатини пасайишига олиб келади.  Менискларда морфологик жихатдан  дистрофик, деструктив ва дегенратив ўзгаришлар оқибатида, бўғим ичи элементларини хам сурункали шикастланишига олиб келади. Бу эса, менискларда толалсизланиш ва парчаланган компонетларини бўғим ичида дайдиб юриши,  хочсимон бойламларни хам шикастланишига олиб келади. 

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved over the past few decades, transforming a wide array of industries, with education being one of the most promising sectors. AI in education presents the potential to significantly enhance teaching and learning processes, addressing some of the long-standing challenges in educational systems. From personalized learning experiences to administrative support, AI is revolutionizing the way educators teach and students learn. This article explores the scientific basis for the benefits of AI in education, focusing on its impact on student outcomes, teacher effectiveness, and overall educational equity.

The determination of cadmium ions in environmental samples is an extremely important task, for which a spectrophotometric method is proposed in the research work. Cadion IREA is proposed as an analytical sensitive reagent for the determination of cadmium ions. The reflectance spectra of cadmium ions with Cadion IREA reagent were obtained on an EMC-30PC-UV-1800 Spectrophotometer.

The modernization of clinical pharmacology education within the credit-module system is a crucial step in improving medical training, particularly for students specializing in treatment sciences. This approach ensures a student-centered, competency-based, and flexible learning process, enhancing theoretical knowledge and practical application.

В статье   приведено, что в интенсивных яблоневых садах количество и качество урожайность плодов в зависимости от сорто-подвойных комбинации и от плотности посадки при естественно улучшенной формировки деревьев со второго года начинает плодоносить, при увеличение   плотности посадки. В интенсивных садах яблони урожайность деревьев при плотности посадки уменьшается, но в пересчете на 1 гектар количество деревьев урожайность прямо пропорционально увеличивается.

“Authentic texts are actually original texts, which are written by a native speaker for native speakers... This is the category that is usually interpreted as a semiotic space, which is a multi-level holistic formation, as a result of reflecting a certain fragment of reality using a certain sign system...” [3; P.29].

Повреждения проксимального отдела плечевой кости (ППОПК) в структуре переломов костей скелета составляют 2,2–2,6 %, а среди переломов плечевой кости на них приходится до 65 %. Частота неудовлетворительных результатов остаётся высокой — от 47 до 50 % что, связан с замедленным сращением отломков, развитием асептического некроза головки плечевой кости, контрактуры плечевого сустава и вторичных неврологических расстройств [Корж Н.А. 2009; Лоскутов А.Е. 2010].

В статье приведены анализ данных в мире по производству функциональных продуктов питания их пищевые свойства, химический состав, по сравнению с другими видами продуктами питания и анализ их применения для широкого применения в пищевой промышленности. Цель исследования состоит в том, чтобы обеспечить население безопасными видами пищевых продуктов, обогащенными белками растительного происхождения.

mazkur maqolada masofadan turib ishlashda ish beruvchi va xodim o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro aloqalarni o‘rnatish va olib borishga oid hamkorlik qilish tartibi bilan bog‘liq qoidalar tahlil qilingan.    

Mazkur maqolada kasb-hunar maktabi o‘quvchilariga yog‘och o‘ymakorligi fanini zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari, xususan, CorelDRAW dasturi yordamida o‘qitish metodikasi yoritilgan. An’anaviy ta’lim usullari bilan raqamli texnologiyalarni uyg‘unlashtirish orqali o‘quvchilarning kasbiy kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish, ularning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini shakllantirish va amaliy ko‘nikmalarini mustahkamlashga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.

The title serves as a crucial cognitive and conceptual device in both fiction and newspaper texts, guiding readers' interpretations and framing their understanding. This article examines the dual role of titles as cognitive markers and conceptual frameworks that encapsulate the essence of the text they precede. The study analyzes the linguistic, cultural, and contextual factors that influence the construction and interpretation of titles, emphasizing their role in shaping reader engagement. Through a comparative approach, this paper identifies similarities and differences in title usage between the two genres, exploring their impact on readers' cognitive processes and interpretative strategies.

Nowadays, the development of information technology is determined by its increasing impact on the life and activities of individuals, society, and the state. The information field, that is, an information complex, a system consisting of information and information gathering and distribution tools, is undoubtedly an important network that manages and directs social relations. In the context of changes in the methods of working with information and the expansion of the fields of application of new information technologies, the influence of information and psychological threats on the individual's mind is increasing.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf  2-sinfda tovush va harflarni o‘rgatish orqali o‘quvchilarni  vatanparvarlik ruhida tarbiyalash, vatanni sevish,uni ardoqlash,unga bòlgan mehr-muhabbat,sadoqat kabi tuyg‘ular va bularni qanday qilib shakllantirishimiz to‘g‘risida fikr yuritilgan.

This article examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in developing academic learning strategies. The article analyzes the impact of AI technologies on the learning process, their role in improving students' reading skills, supporting independent learning, and scientific research. It shows how AI tools, such as text analysis, individualization, and automation of the learning process, can increase students' reading efficiency. The article explores the impact of AI on learning strategies and new opportunities for its application in the education system.

Мақолада ички ишлар органлари тезкор бўлинмаларининг  турар жойлардан содир этиладиган ўғрилик жиноятини олдини олиш фаолиятига салбий таъсир кўрсатувчи ижтимоий, объектив ва субъектив омиллар таҳлил қилиниб, уларни бартараф этиш юзасидан таклифлар илгари сурилган.

Mazkur maqolada Sharq mutafakkirlarining ta'lim va tarbiya sohasidagi qarashlari va ularning pedagogik fanlarga integratsiyasi o‘rganilmoqda. Ularning pedagogik g‘oyalari va falsafiy qarashlari, ayniqsa axloq, ilm olish, ma'rifat va intellektual rivojlanish masalalari zamonaviy ta'lim tizimiga ta'sir ko‘rsatgan

Ushbu maqolada savdo va xizmat ko‘rsatish sohalarida buxgalteriya hisobining asosiy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Buxgalteriya hisobi korxonaning moliyaviy holatini nazorat qilish, daromad va xarajatlarni aniqlash hamda soliq majburiyatlarini to‘g‘ri bajarish uchun muhim vosita hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, maqolada savdo va xizmat ko‘rsatish sohalarida hisob yuritish tamoyillari, o‘ziga xos jihatlari hamda buxgalteriya hisobi bilan bog‘liq muammolar va ularning yechimlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Zamonaviy hisob yuritish texnologiyalarining ahamiyati va ularni joriy etishning afzalliklari ham yoritib beriladi.

Maqolada oila, oilaviy tarbiya, oilaviy tarbiyada fidoiylik xususiyatlari shakllantirish, fidoiylik va uning asosiy belgilari, oilada fidoiylik tushunchasining  namoyon  bo'lishi, oilada fidoiylikni tarbiyalash usullari haqida malumot berilgan.

This article explores the role of national ideology in the spiritual development of youth and their formation as well-rounded individuals. It highlights the significance of instilling national values, cultural heritage, and patriotism in young generations to strengthen their moral and ethical foundations. The article discusses the impact of national ideology on youth education, social behavior, and intellectual growth. It also emphasizes the importance of harmonizing national identity with universal values to develop a progressive and resilient society. Additionally, the role of educational institutions, families, and communities in fostering a sense of responsibility and dedication among young people is examined.

Insondagi genetik va orttirilgan qobiliyatlarning ijtimoiy zarurati, xususan taʼlim olish jarayonidagi roli, qobiliyat turlari, taʼlim oluvchilarning individual faoliyat uslubi hamda qiziqishlari bilan bogʼliq holda shakllanishi jamiyat taraqqiyotida muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Shuningdek, maqolada talabalarning kreativ qobiliyatini shakllantirishning pedagogik jihatlariga ham qisman toʼxtalib oʼtilgan.

Abdurauf Fitrat   haqida ma'lumotlar aytilgan.

В данной статье дана общая классификация зубных протезов, их виды, дана положительная и отрицательная оценка, а также описаны съемные зубы.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek tilini xorijiy til va ikkinchi til sifatida o‘qitish bo‘yicha ayrim mulohazalar keltirilgan. Xorijiy til va ikkinchi til tushunchalari  farqlangan.

English​ language legal terminology, terms classification, regulatory and legal documents language, legal term, terminology, terminological system, comparative-scientific analysis.

Ushbu tezis O`zbekiston Respublikasida qimmatli qog’ozlar bozorining o’rni ahamiyati bilan bir qatorda  aksiyadorlik jamiyatlarining qimmatli qog`ozlar bozoriga ta’siri  shu bilan birga mamlakat iqtisodiyotidagi rivojlanishini tahlil qilishga bag`ishlangan. Yuqorida keltirilgan tahlillar jadvallarda va xorijiy olimlarning fikrlariga tayangan holda tahlil qilingan.

Ларинготрахеальные стенозы (ЛТС) представляют собой группу заболеваний с поражением дыхательной трубки, с её сужением, тяжелая патология, которая затрагивает взрослых и детей. Он имеет множество причин и лечится разными способами. Интервенционные эндоскопические процедуры конкурируют с хирургическими подходами, и различные новые методы лечения в настоящее время проверяются на эффективность и безопасность. Нет многоцентровых исследований по описанию расширения дыхательных путей с описанием типа, места и степени сужения. Единая классификация отсутствует, существуют несколько классификаций, которые в той или иной мере характеризуют определенные стороны стенозы, однако они не имеют собирательный характер. Для характеристики хирургических подходов нами была поставлена цель провести описание существующих стенозов с различных аспектов, включая механизм их развития, причину, место расположения, её качественные структурные характеристики, степень сужения и ее продленность.

In recent years, digital technologies have revolutionized nearly every aspect of life, and higher education is no exception. From virtual classrooms to artificial intelligence-driven tools, digital innovations are transforming how students learn, how instructors teach, and how academic institutions operate. The increasing reliance on digital tools in education signals a major shift in the landscape of higher learning. This article explores the growing role of digital technologies in higher education, examining both the opportunities and challenges they present.

The digital transformation of education has brought about significant changes to how foreign languages are taught in higher education institutions. This article explores the integration of digital technologies in foreign language teaching, highlighting their potential to enhance language acquisition, improve student engagement, and transform traditional pedagogical practices. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies, and recent innovations, this article discusses the benefits, challenges, and implications of digital tools in the language classroom. By addressing both the positive outcomes and barriers to integration, this paper provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers seeking to optimize the use of technology in language instruction.

This thesis analyzes the scientific foundations of Jadid pedagogy within the framework of foreign studies on education. The main principles of the pedagogy of the Jadid movement, its place in the modern education system and how it is reflected in the studies of foreign scientists are studied. In particular, the advanced approaches of Jadid pedagogy, which were formed in Central Asia at the beginning of the 20^th century, as well as the views of Western and Eastern researchers on this issue, are comparatively analyzed. The results of the study serve to draw conclusions about the impact of Jadid pedagogy on the current educational process and its relevance.

Mirzo Ulug‘bek adolatli hukmdor, ilm-fan homiysi va ijtimoiy islohotchi sifatida tarixda muhim iz qoldirgan. Uning hukmronlik davrida olib borgan islohotlari, jamiyatning barcha jabhalariga, jumladan, ilm-fan, me’morchilik, shaharsozlik, obodonchilik ishlariga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatib, mamlakatda barqarorlik o‘rnatilib, aholining turmush tarzi yaxshilandi. Jamiyatda, adolat, insonparvarlik, ezgulik g‘oyalari rivojlanib, xalqning ma’naviy tafakkuri yuksaldi. Uning o‘zi ham serqirra olim sifatida astronomiya, matematika, handasa, adabiyot, musiqa, tarix kabi fan sohalarining rivojiga bevosita o‘z hissasini qo‘shgan o‘rta asrlarning atoqli olimi, mutafakkiri bo‘lgan. Mirzo Ulug‘bek shaxsi va uning ilmiy-ma’naviy merosi bugungi globallashuv davrida ham aktualligini saqlab qolgan.

Ushbu maqolada badiiy matnlarda metafora va metonimiya kabi stilistik vositalarning o‘rni va funksiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Abdulla Qahhar asarlaridagi metonimik va metaforik tasvir vositalari muallif uslubining o‘ziga xosligini ochib berish, obrazli tafakkurni ifodalash va badiiy matnning estetik ta’sirchanligini oshirish vositasi sifatida o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada ushbu vositalarning qahramonlarning ichki dunyosini ochib berish, voqea-hodisalarni jonlantirish va matnning badiiy-estetik qimmatini oshirishdagi roli ko‘rib chiqiladi.

High-purity selenium (with a purity of 99,99% and above) is widely used in several important industrial sectors due to its unique physical and chemical properties, which make it a valuable material in high-tech industries. The high-purity form of selenium (99,99% purity) plays a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness of numerous advanced industrial processes and products. High-purity selenium is primarily used in the electronics industry because it plays a crucial role in semiconductor production. Understanding the difference between its technical and high-purity forms and exploring methods to obtain this higher purity are essential for optimizing the utilization and production of selenium. This thesis discusses the processes of obtaining high-purity selenium from technical selenium and its significant industrial applications.

Bugungi kunga kelib molibden ishlab chiqarish sanoati rivojlanishi bilan birga, ishlab chiqarish jarayonida hosil bo‘ladigan qattiq va eritmali chiqindilar miqdori ham ortib bormoqda. Ushbu sanoat chiqindilari tarkibida mis va boshqa og‘ir metallar mavjud bo‘lib, ular atrof-muhitga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Shuning uchun molibden ishlab chiqarishning sanoat chiqindilaridan misni va boshqa og‘ir metallarni qayta ishlash muhim ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu tezisda molibden ishlab chiqarish sanoat chiqindilaridan misni Purolite S 930 ion almashinadigan smolasi yordamida sorbsiya qilish jarayonlari haqida ma’lumot beriladi. Ion almashinish jarayonida smola mis ionlarini o‘ziga biriktirib oladi va eritmali chiqindilaridan misni ajratib beradi.

This article examines innovative management approaches in public-private sector cooperation, analyzing theoretical frameworks and practical mechanisms for effective coordination. The research synthesizes existing literature to identify key success factors and challenges in public-private partnerships, focusing on governance structures and management strategies that enhance collaborative outcomes.