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THE LEVEL OF STUDY OF NEW PEDAGOGY IN FOREIGN
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Ismailov Tokhirjon Khushnudbek ugli
Independent researcher at Urgench State Pedagogical Institute
E-mail: tohirjon_ismailov@mamunedu.uz
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-3653
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14847856
Abstract
: This thesis analyzes the scientific foundations of Jadid pedagogy
within the framework of foreign studies on education. The main principles of the
pedagogy of the Jadid movement, its place in the modern education system and
how it is reflected in the studies of foreign scientists are studied. In particular,
the advanced approaches of Jadid pedagogy, which were formed in Central Asia
at the beginning of the 20
th
century, as well as the views of Western and Eastern
researchers on this issue, are comparatively analyzed. The results of the study
serve to draw conclusions about the impact of Jadid pedagogy on the current
educational process and its relevance.
Keywords
: Jadid pedagogy, Jadidism, education, innovative approach,
foreign studies, educational methodology, pedagogical heritage, educational
reforms, cognitive education.
Introduction
.
Throughout the development of mankind, education and upbringing are
constantly improving, enriched with new approaches and innovative methods.
In particular, the principles of education based on the national pedagogical
heritage are gaining great importance in world pedagogy. From this point of
view, Jadid pedagogy is not only a part of the historical past, but is also relevant
today and occupies an important place in the modern education system. The
Jadid movement is not limited to educational reforms, but is a major pedagogical
movement that has influenced the scientific and spiritual development of an
entire nation.
Today, the use of innovative approaches in the educational process, the
introduction of modern pedagogical principles is becoming one of the global
problems. Therefore, the analysis of how Jadid pedagogy is covered in foreign
studies, the issue of adapting its principles and methods to the modern
educational process is of urgent importance. The interest of foreign scholars in
the Jadid heritage also confirms that this pedagogy is not only of historical
significance, but also that its innovative aspects are effective for today's
education.
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The purpose
of this study is to study how Jadid pedagogy is reflected in
foreign scientific research and to analyze the possibilities of its integration into
the modern educational process. The following tasks were set within the
framework
of the study:
1. To identify the main principles of Jadid pedagogy and analyze their
scientific foundations;
2. To study and analyze views on Jadid pedagogy in foreign research;
3. To consider the possibilities of integrating Jadid pedagogy into the modern
education system;
4. To study the compatibility of Jadid principles with modern educational
reforms.
This study aims to highlight the fact that Jadid pedagogy is not only
historically significant, but also can be an important scientific basis for today's
education system. After all, the use of national and historical pedagogical
approaches in educational reforms, their combination with modern pedagogical
requirements, is one of the important ways to ensure the intellectual and
spiritual maturity of the future generation.
Jadid pedagogy is not only a historical and cultural phenomenon, but also
an innovative pedagogical approach that is relevant for the modern education
system. Its theoretical foundations include important stages in the development
of pedagogical thought. The main goal of the Jadid movement was to educate an
independent-thinking generation with a national consciousness, aware of world
sciences. Therefore, Jadid pedagogues tried to use interactive methods in
education, introduce new teaching methods, and combine secular knowledge
with national values.
To understand the theoretical foundations of Jadid pedagogy, it is necessary
to analyze the factors that influenced its emergence. In the late 19
th
and early
20
th
centuries, as a result of colonial policies in Turkestan, the traditional
madrasah education system began to lose its effectiveness. For this reason, Jadid
enlighteners tried to reform the educational process. Learning from the
experience of European and Russian education, they opened their own schools
and introduced subjects such as natural sciences, mathematics, geography,
history, and foreign languages into the curriculum. This was an innovative
approach for that time and is still consistent with modern pedagogical
principles.
Jadid pedagogy occupies an important place in foreign studies. Some
Western scholars evaluate it as a modernist pedagogical movement. For
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example, Turkish and European researchers compare Jadid schools with the
European Enlightenment and see them as an intellectual reform of Muslim
societies. Russian and Central Asian scholars, on the other hand, study Jadid
pedagogy in a regional context and analyze its impact on educational reforms.
If we turn to the scientific and theoretical foundations of Jadid pedagogy,
we can classify it in the following areas:
Cognitive and innovative approach
- instead of traditional memorization and
text study, Jadid schools implement educational methods focused on
understanding, reflection and practice. This is consistent with modern
interactive and constructivist educational approaches.
Integrative educational model
- Jadid educators tried to combine national
and religious values with secular knowledge. This principle is gaining
importance in today's education in the context of intercultural communication
and globalization.
Competency-oriented education
- Jadid schools are not limited to just
providing knowledge, but also focus on developing students' life skills. This
principle is also developing in today's education system in accordance with the
skills of the 21st century.
Pedagogical freedom and independent thinking - modern educators have
identified the development of a critical and independent thinking individual as
the main task of education. Today, this principle is considered a core value in
democratic education systems.
The theoretical foundations of Jadid pedagogy are closely related to today's
education system, and their in-depth study through foreign research not only
enriches historical knowledge, but also has important practical significance in
modern educational reforms. Therefore, this thesis will extensively cover the
pedagogical and methodological principles of Jadid pedagogy in the context of
foreign research.
Literature analysis:
Analysis of foreign literature on Jadid pedagogy helps to understand the
role and significance of this movement on the international scale. Foreign
researchers have studied the Jadid movement from various perspectives and
analyzed its impact on education, culture, and society.
General analysis of the Jadid movement: In foreign literature, the Jadid
movement is often seen as part of the modernization process in Muslim
societies. Researchers have studied the Jadid reforms in the field of education,
the establishment of new method schools, and their place in society. For
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example, Adeeb Khalid in his work “
The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform:
Jadidism in Central Asia
”[2, 235-p] analyzes Jadidism as a Muslim cultural reform
movement in Central Asia. He studies the Jadid reforms in the field of education,
the establishment of new method schools, and their place in society.
The role of Jadid pedagogy in the education system: Foreign researchers
have also analyzed the role of Jadid pedagogy in the education system. They
have studied the differences between Jadid schools and traditional education,
their teaching methods, and their programs. For example, Shoshana Keller in her
work “
To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign Against Islam in Central Asia,
1917-1941”[
4, 197-p] analyzes the fate of Jadid schools during the Soviet era and
their place in the education system.
Jadidism and national identity: Some foreign researchers associate the
Jadidism movement with the process of national identity awareness. They study
the contribution of Jadids to the development of the national language, literature
and culture. For example, Edward Allworth in his work
“The Modern Uzbeks:
From the Fourteenth Century to the Present: A Cultural History
”[1, 215-p]
analyzes the role of Jadids in the formation of Uzbek national identity.
Jadid pedagogy has been extensively analyzed in foreign literature, and its
impact on education, culture and society has been studied from various
perspectives. These studies help to understand the international significance of
the Jadidism movement and make it possible to assess its place in the modern
education system.
Discussion
:
Jadid pedagogy is not only a historical and philosophical heritage, but also
an important pedagogical model for the modern education system. Its principles
are closely related to innovative approaches, interactive methods and concepts
of cognitive development in today's educational process. For this reason, Jadid
pedagogy should be assessed not only as a phenomenon related to the education
system of the past, but also as an educational model that is relevant for today.
Within the framework of modern educational reforms, it is important to
study the basic principles of Jadid pedagogy and integrate them into new
teaching methodologies. For example, Jadid schools pay great attention to the
formation of critical thinking. They strive not only for students to acquire
knowledge, but also to think independently, to form their own worldview. This
principle is consistent with today's concept of competence-oriented education.
The integrative education model put forward by Jadid educators is also very
relevant for the present era. For example, in the current global educational
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environment, issues of intercultural dialogue and tolerance are relevant. In Jadid
schools, the harmony of secular knowledge with religious values is preserved,
which is an important approach for the development of cultural adaptation and
inclusive education principles in the current education system.
It is no coincidence that Jadid pedagogy is recognized as an innovative
approach in foreign studies. Some Western and Russian scholars compare it to
the modernist educational model of the Muslim world. In particular,
Adeeb
Khalid
[3, 178-p] in his studies connects Jadidism with the educational
innovations of the European Renaissance. In his opinion, Jadid schools in their
time tried to form a generation in Central Asia with independent thinking and a
modern worldview. Today's education system is also developing in this
direction.
Jadid pedagogy is also based on the principle of connecting the learning
process with practical life, and this method is in harmony with the
STEAM
(
Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics
) approach in today's
education system. The emphasis in Jadid schools on natural sciences,
mathematics, geography, literature, art, and foreign languages, which goes
beyond the limitations of traditional religious education, is also important for
today's education system.
However, there are also difficulties associated with the full implementation
of some principles of Jadid pedagogy in today's modern education system. For
example, while the teaching process in Jadid schools is largely based on
individualized teaching, it may be difficult to fully apply this method in today's
mass education system. Also, interactive and independent thinking-oriented
teaching methods are not currently being implemented equally in all schools.
Therefore, when implementing Jadid pedagogy in today's educational
process, it is necessary to pay attention to the following factors:
Harmony with modern teaching methods - integration of the main
approaches of Jadid pedagogy with the educational requirements of the 21
st
century.
Use of interactive educational technologies - for example, embedding Jadid
educational principles in methods such as digital learning and gamification.
Development of cognitive and critical thinking - wider introduction of
methods aimed at independent thinking in the current educational process, as in
Jadid schools.
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Ensuring the harmony of intercultural education and values - ensuring the
harmony of historical and modern pedagogical approaches in the national
education system.
Based on the above considerations, we can emphasize that Jadid pedagogy
is not only a historical phenomenon, but also an invaluable scientific and
methodological heritage for today's educational process. Foreign studies show
that the innovative educational methods of Jadidism can be applied in the global
education system and are relevant to current pedagogical reforms. Therefore,
there is an opportunity to create a more effective educational model by studying
Jadid pedagogy in depth and integrating its methods into the modern education
system.
Jadid pedagogy is not only a historical phenomenon, but also an important
scientific and methodological heritage for the education of today and future
generations. In its time, it served to reform the education system of the peoples
of Central Asia, to ensure the intellectual and spiritual development of the
nation, and today it is still relevant in the modern educational process.
The main goal of Jadid pedagogy was to educate a person who is
knowledgeable, able to think critically, aware of world sciences and loyal to
national values. These principles are consistent with the educational
requirements of the 21st century, and the current education system is
developing in this direction. One of the biggest problems facing humanity today
is to increase the personal orientation of the educational process and its
relevance to practical life. Jadid schools were formed on this principle, giving
students the opportunity to abandon the traditional method of memorization
and develop independent thinking, logical analysis and life skills.
Conclusion
.
Foreign studies show that the principles of Jadid pedagogy are consistent
with modern educational philosophy. For example, interactive learning,
cognitive approach, intercultural communication and competency-based
teaching methods are a continuation of the principles of Jadid schools. This
shows us that Jadid pedagogy has not lost its relevance in today's global
education process.
However, there are certain problems in implementing Jadid pedagogy in the
current education system. For example, Jadid pedagogues paid great attention to
an individual approach in small classes, while the application of such a method
in today's mass education system is sometimes difficult. For this reason, it is
necessary to combine the principles of Jadidism with modern innovative
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technologies, for example, using digital learning, gamification and interactive
platforms.
It is also appropriate to develop students' critical thinking, to enable them to
acquire independent knowledge and form life skills by introducing the
principles of Jadid pedagogy more widely in the national education system.
Today, the education system should not be based only on theoretical knowledge,
but also be strengthened by practical, life experience. The essence of Jadid
pedagogy was based on these very principles. In conclusion, Jadid pedagogy is
not only an advanced educational model of its time, but also a value that has not
lost its relevance today. Foreign studies show that Jadid schools played an
important role in educational reforms, and today there is a need to integrate
these principles into the modern education system. Therefore, by studying Jadid
pedagogy in depth and combining its advanced methods with modern education,
we have the opportunity to create a more effective educational model for the
future generation.
References:
1.
Allworth, E. (1990). The Modern Uzbeks: From the Fourteenth Century to
the Present: A Cultural History. Hoover Institution Press.
2.
Khalid, A. (1998). The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in
Central Asia. University of California Press.
3.
Khalid, A. (2007). Islam after Communism: Religion and Politics in Central
Asia. University of California Press.
4.
Keller, S. (2001). To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign Against
Islam in Central Asia, 1917-1941. Greenwood Publishing Group.
5.
Ismailov, T. (2024). Musiqa madaniyatida jadidlar faoliyati. Nordic_Press,
5(0005).
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извлечено
от
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