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USE OF THE NUMBER CATEGORY AND ITS ENGLISH AND UZBEK
COMPARISON OF LANGUAGES
Faxridinova Irodaxon Ilhomjon qizi
Qochqarova Feruzaxon Akramovna
( English language teachers at technical school of agricultural technologies
No. 1, Baghdad district, Fergana region)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14900340
Abstract.
In this article, the category, number category and its
owncharacteristics and comparison in several languages are covered
Key words:
category, Grammatical category, category, plural, cryptography
Introduction
We all know that the term category entered linguistics from philosophy. It
is defined in philosophy as a general concept that reflects more legal relations
and problems in objective existence and knowledge than in certain essences.
Category has the same meaning in both philosophy and linguistics. That is, the
category must have a pair and a single. In philosophy, the pair is cause and
effect, event, event, whole part; and if the singularity is made up of being,
quantity, space, then in linguistics, the term category is understood as a
conflicting binary number category or a plural agreement category. Grammatical
category is a combination of grammatical meanings reflected in the
morphological paradigm. Grammatical categories can have one or more
indicators. There is a growing div of work exploring the idea that language can
be viewed as a complex adaptive system. One of them is the number series.
There are many languages used by mankind. And they all have numbers,
numbers, counting jobs. The number word group is one of the most interesting
areas of linguistics among the groups.
Number is one of the independent word groups: it is a group of words
denoting the amount of the subject, numerical order. Number also represents
the image of a sign, like quality and manner, and in this respect it is close to
those categories. Adjective is the sign of the object, the adjective is the sign of the
action, and the number is the sign of the object according to its quantity, count
and order. Numerals are used with nouns to represent the sum of several
objects, a definite amount (five apples) or an indefinite amount (a hundred
flowers).
The sum of the singular and plural meanings of nouns, the grammatical
forms representing them, and their specific grammatical indicators is called the
category of number in nouns.
The number category is one of the important morphological features of
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nouns, and the number category is formed on the basis of singular and plural
forms. The unity of nouns is expressed without any means.
The sum of the singular and plural meanings of nouns, the grammatical
forms representing them, and their specific grammatical indicators is called the
category of number in nouns.
The number category is one of the important morphological features of
nouns, and the number category is formed on the basis of singular and plural
forms. The unity of nouns is expressed without any means.
In English, if a countable subject is used in the singular form, even if it does
not have the suffix "-s", the indefinite article "a" or "an" is used, and the meaning
of this article is equal to the number 1. There is no article in Uzbek grammar.
That is, if the subject comes without a plural suffix, then it is in the singular form.
This creates little difficulty or misunderstanding when learning languages that
are not part of the same category. In addition to English, there is a similar
situation in German and French.
Then there's the peculiarity that English nouns are always plural. That is, to
be more precise, if the subject consists of two parts or is a pair, they always
come with a plural suffix. For example: trousers, glasses, shoes, scissors,
trainers, etc. But in Uzbek language they are singular. Russian is the same as
English in this regard. And in Arabic, there is a special binary form, which is a
characteristic of the Arabic language. In this case, the suffix "-ani, ayni" is added
to nouns (in some cases it affects the stem). This number category is not only
related to nouns, but also to nouns and verbs. This category is formed in Arabic
syntactically and morphologically. In the Uzbek language grammar, we can use
the expression "a pair" before a pair of nouns. In addition, there are other means
of forming the plural of nouns. These are special words that strengthen the
meaning and refer to the plural of uncountable nouns. For example, there are
words that are plural in content, such as el, crowd, people. Such a plural is a
plural formed by the lexical semantic method.
In the syntactic plural in Uzbek, although the subject is quantitatively large,
in most cases it is not used by adding the suffix lar: 5 books (5 books), 5 girls (5
girls). But in English, it is a grammatical error not to add the suffix es les to the
syntactic plural of countable nouns. At the same time, there are nouns in English
that do not take the suffix 5 in the plural, but are used in the syntactic plural: 5
sheep, 10 fish, 20 deer. But uncountable nouns are preceded by words such as
"some", "a lot of", "much" indicating their quantity. When added to nouns of
uncountable objects in Uzbek, it means their variety, diversity: sand, milk, flour,
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meat. When added to abstract nouns, the meaning understood from this noun is
strengthened. For example: He went back to a thousand different dreams.
(Abdullah Qadiri)
In the literature, s is interpreted as a single affix with multiple meanings.
This approach is correct only from the historical-etymological point of view.
Based on the grammatical system of the present language, we see that some
meanings interpreted as belonging to the affix -lar are formed as independent
morphemes both in terms of content and function. One of these meanings is
considered to be the meaning of respect. When added to relative nouns after
possessive suffixes, they express respect: like dads, brothers.
In the sentence, the suffixes added to the participle mean the meanings of
cutting, cutting and respect. They are admiring everything! Adds emphasis to
div parts: hearts, tongues, brains.
Conclusion
In addition, we can write letters, texts and whole works through numbers.
Representation of letters and data through numbers is called cryptography in
science. It appeared approximately 4 thousand years ago. Now we are
encryption by numbers. we can do the practices. The development of
cryptography includes 4 periods. At first, before BC, the original text alphabet
was replaced by other characters. In later stages, the memory of
electromechanical devices was coded by numbers (from the beginning to the
middle of the 20th century). In recent times, all electronic information has been
encrypted into numbers. Made up of letters. the main purpose of data encryption
through numbers is to ensure its security and preserve the value of confidential
information. For coding, a book or table containing a set of frequently used
phrases is used.
Encryption involves algorithms to transform the original text symbols into
an unintelligible form. This type of change is compatible with information and
communication technologies. The simplest method of cryptography is to replace
the letters of the alphabet with numbers in a sequence. For example, the
numbers 18-8-17 represent the letters s i, r. And as a whole it forms the word
mystery. We have formed an abstract word related to the noun group from the
above three numbers.
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