Том 4 № 8 (2025)

This article analyzed the issues of developing interethnic relations in the new Uzbekistan.

The article discusses the importance of communication competence in the modern world, especially in the field of education. It highlights the ability of teachers with developed communication competence to establish effective communication with students, inspire them, and engage them in the learning process. The article discusses various aspects of communication competence, including verbal and nonverbal communication, interpersonal and intercultural communication, as well as methods for developing communication competence in teachers.

Oltin va mis sanoatda juda muhim qimmatbaho metallar bo‘lib, ularning rudalari dunyoning turli hududlaridagi iqtisodiyotda markaziy rol o‘ynaydi. Bu metallarni ajratish jarayonlari ko‘pincha kimyoviy texnologiyalar va biotexnologik yondashuvlarga asoslanadi. Oltinni ajratish uchun sianlash jarayoni keng qo‘llanilsa, misni qayta ishlashda esa bakterial oksidlash usullari samarali ishlatilmoqda. Mazkur maqolada, bu ikki jarayonning samaradorligi tahlil qilinib, ular orasidagi o‘zaro ta’sir va yangi innovatsion yondashuvlar ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Yer shari xaritasiga nazar tashlab, unga ilmiy yondashadigan bo‘lsak, uzoq mulohazaga, chuqur o‘yga toldiruvchi bir holatga tushish mumkin. Bugungi kunda mis metalini ishlab chiqarayotgan yirik mamlakatlami xaritada bir-biri bilan tutashtirib chiqsangiz, ulardagi o‘xshashlik, qandaydir sirli mutanosiblik borligiga, ayniqsa, kimyoviy tarkibining o‘xshashligiga hayron qolasiz. “Misli belbog*” zonasini hosil qilgan bu mamlakatlar haqida chuqur mulohaza yuritiladi.

This article explores the role of technological tools in teaching English as a Second Language (ESL). It discusses interactive platforms, virtual classrooms, multimedia resources, and AI-powered tools, highlighting their benefits and challenges. The study emphasizes the transformative impact of these tools on ESL education and provides strategies for overcoming common barriers.

В условиях стремительной глобализации и цифровой трансформации общества русские диалекты, как и многие другие языковые варианты, сталкиваются с угрозами исчезновения. В то же время, современные технологии и возросший интерес к культурному наследию открывают новые возможности для их изучения и сохранения. В данном тезисе рассматриваются ключевые аспекты современного состояния русских диалектов, методы их изучения и перспективы сохранения в XXI веке.

The sour component of local and foreign gas that is formed in the foam cleaning device anti – silicone foam so'ndirgichlar known as silicon-based foam so'ndirgichlar are being widely used.

Morphonological alternations represent an essential interface between phonology and morphology, showcasing how phonological variations systematically correspond to morphological structures. This article explores the intricate relationship between morphonological alternations and word formation processes, emphasizing theoretical underpinnings, typological diversity, and their implications for linguistic analysis. Examples from various languages illustrate the dynamic interplay between phonological patterns and morphological change, highlighting the role of morphonology in grammaticalization, lexicalization, and morphological reanalysis. The discussion underscores the relevance of morphonological insights for theoretical linguistics and applied fields, such as language teaching and computational linguistics.

Bugungi kunda internetda mavjud bo‘lgan ma’lumotlarning ko‘lami va xilma-xilligi jadal sur’atlarda ortib bormoqda. Ushbu ma’lumotlarni samarali hamda  tushunarli ravishda boshqarish, qidirish va tahlil qilish uchun semantik annotatsiyalar muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ushbu maqolada semantik annotatsiya nima ekanligi, uning afzalliklari, qo‘llanilishi va kelajakdagi istiqbollari haqida so‘z yuritiladi.

Oziq-ovqat, kimyo, neft va gazni qayta ishlash sohalarida keng tarqalgan issiqlik almashinish apparatlarining issiqlik almashinish jarayonlarini jadallashtirish maqsadida "Nakatka" qilish usulida tayyorlangan issiqlik almashinish trubasi tekis trubalardan qurilma yasash texnologiyasidan farq qilmaydi. Lekin, samarador trubali issiqlik almashinish qurilmasidagi nakatkali trubalarning umumiy uzunligi, tekis trubali qurilmanikidan kam bo‘ladi, ya’ni kamroq sarf bo‘ladi. Quvurning tashqi yuzasida nakatkalash yordamida hosil qilinadigan uyurmalar issiqlik tashuvchilarning quvurlararo oqimida issiqlik almashinuvini jadallashtiradi.

This article discusses main problems faced in teaching English as foreign a language (TEFL), including pronunciation errors, grammatical difficulties, lack of practice and exposure to English in daily life. It also highlights how native language affects learners` pronunciation and their overall learning process. Additionally, the study provides some effective solutions for these issues, for instance, conducting specialized pronunciation classes with native speakers, doing exercises related to grammar, as much as possible, integrating English into everyday activities to be more fluent and articulate.

This article explores various methods and approaches to teaching listening skills in the context of modern education, particularly through the integration of technology. As listening is a critical component of effective communication and learning, the article examines traditional pedagogical techniques alongside innovative digital tools that enhance auditory comprehension. It highlights the effectiveness of multimedia resources, such as podcasts, interactive listening exercises, and language learning apps, in engaging students and catering to diverse learning styles. Additionally, the article discusses the role of online platforms and virtual classrooms in facilitating collaborative listening activities, allowing for real-time feedback and interaction among learners. By analyzing the strengths and limitations of these methods, the article aims to provide educators with practical insights and strategies to foster improved listening skills in their students, ultimately contributing to a more holistic approach to language acquisition in the digital age.

This article explores the intricate depiction of realism in Charles Dickens' seminal work, "Oliver Twist." Set against the backdrop of Victorian England, Dickens employs a vivid narrative style that brings to life the harsh realities faced by the impoverished and marginalized. Through the experiences of the orphaned protagonist, Oliver, and a cast of vividly drawn characters, the novel critiques social injustices, including child labor, poverty, and the failings of the legal system. The article examines how Dickens utilizes detailed descriptions, authentic dialogue, and a stark portrayal of urban life to enhance the reader's understanding of the socio-economic conditions of the time. Additionally, it analyzes the interplay between realism and sentimentality in Dickens' writing, arguing that while he seeks to evoke empathy for his characters, he remains committed to an unflinching representation of their struggles. Ultimately, this study highlights how "Oliver Twist" serves not only as a compelling narrative but also as a powerful social commentary that continues to resonate with contemporary audiences.

Boshlang‘ich sinf о‘quvchilarining yosh va psixologik xususiyatlari о‘qituvchidan alohida mas’uliyatni talab etadi. Ushbu maqolada iqtisodiy savodxonlik ta’limi bo’yicha dunyo olimlarining fikrlari va xalqaro tashkilotlar tomonidan ilgari surilgan ta’lim dasturlari haqida fikr yuritiladi.

This article explores the differences in vocabulary acquisition between traditional integrated approaches and artificial intelligence (AI)-based learning methods. With the increasing integration of technology in education, particularly AI, it is crucial to understand how these tools impact language learning outcomes. The study employs a mixed-methods design, incorporating quantitative assessments of vocabulary retention and qualitative feedback from learners engaged in both approaches.

This paper examines the contribution of Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) to the development of endocrinology. Despite the lack of knowledge of hormones and endocrine glands in the modern sense in his era, his clinical observations and descriptions of pathological conditions associated with metabolic disorders anticipated many fundamental discoveries. In the Canon of Medicine, Avicenna described diabetes mellitus, its symptoms and treatment methods in detail, and also studied thyroid diseases, in particular endemic goiter. In addition, he noted the influence of mental factors on physiological processes, which corresponds to modern concepts of psychoendocrinology . The work emphasizes the importance of Avicenna's medical heritage in forming the foundations of future endocrinology.

в данной статье приведены результаты оценки эффективности эксимерный лазер  у 38 пациентов с диагнозом алопеция, находившихся на лечении в областном отделении РИД и КИАТМ Бухарской области. Цель исследования, определение изменений у больных с диагнозом алопеция с помощью комплексных методов обследования и, соответственно, дальнейшая оптимизация комплексных методов лечения.

A pupil’s academic performance, student behavior, and quality of teaching are the three things that can be affected negatively in large-sized groups in educational system of Uzbekistan. Uzbek schools have a long history of educational systems, spanning centuries from the "Madrasa" to our modern schools of today. Education is one of the essential ways to improve a country's economy, diplomacy, and other sectors.

Systemic scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects connective tissues and blood vessels, leading to skin thickening, organ damage, and other complications. While there is no cure for this disease, various treatment options are available to manage its symptoms and slow down its progression. One such treatment modality is pulsed therapy, which involves the administration of high-dose corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents in short intervals. However, the effectiveness of pulsed therapy in systemic scleroderma remains controversial, with limited studies providing conflicting results.

Systemic scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects connective tissues and blood vessels, leading to skin thickening, organ damage, and other complications. While there is no cure for this disease, various treatment options are available to manage its symptoms and slow down its progression. One such treatment modality is pulsed therapy, which involves the administration of high-dose corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents in short intervals. However, the effectiveness of pulsed therapy in systemic scleroderma remains controversial, with limited studies providing conflicting results.

In the article Kashkadarya of the province handicraft history, its main directions, and modern development trends are illuminated. Craftsmanship of various types — carpet weaving, embroidery, metal items woodworking​​ carving, pottery and their today's on the day how developing about in detail information given.

Based on the results of the study conducted in this article, the inheritance of pod length in the F2 generation obtained from the hybridization of pea (P. sativum) variety samples intended for cultivation in irrigated lands was analyzed.

This article analyzes the importance of advertising and marketing in increasing the efficiency of an enterprise. Marketing strategies are studied, the role of advertising in satisfying consumer needs, forming a brand image and increasing competitiveness. It also considers the effectiveness of modern marketing tools, including digital marketing, promotion through social networks and advertising strategies aimed at customers. The results of the study are aimed at providing recommendations to enterprises on improving marketing strategies and conducting effective advertising campaigns.

Ushbu tezisda mustaqillik yillarida O‘zbekistonda jismоniy tаrbiyа vа spоrt sohasi mоddiy-teхnikа bаzаsining mustahkamlanishi ilmiy, tarixiy adabiyotlar va manbalar asosida yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, yаngi spоrt-sоg‘lоmlаshtirish mаjmuаlarining ochilishi to‘g‘risidagi ma’lumotlar tadqiqot doirasiga tortilgan.

This article examines Mahmudkhoja Behbudiys views on education and upbringing, emphasizing his contributions to educational reform in Central Asia. Behbudiy advocated for modernized schooling that integrated secular subjects with religious teachings, promoting literacy, scientific knowledge, and critical thinking. He also highlighted the role of upbringing in moral and ethical development, stressing the importance of gender-inclusive education and parental responsibility. Influenced by both Western advancements and Islamic traditions, Behbudiy sought a balanced approach to education. His legacy continues to impact educational policies in Uzbekistan and beyond, underscoring the lasting relevance of his ideas.

Idioms are an essential part of any language, particularly in English, where they contribute to natural and fluent communication. Mastering idioms helps language learners not only improve their speaking and listening skills but also understand cultural nuances. This article explores the importance of idioms in sounding more like a native speaker, their role in everyday conversations, and how they reflect cultural values. By examining idioms' linguistic and psychological impact, we argue that idiomatic competence is a crucial aspect of language acquisition that enhances fluency and cultural adaptability.

Мазкур мақолада бухгалтерияда рақамлаштириш жараёнларининг самарадорликка ва молиявий ҳисоботларда шаффофликка таъсири таҳлил қилинади. Бухгалтерияда рақамли технологиялардан фойдаланиш молиявий жараёнларни автоматлаштириш, хатоларни камайтириш, харажатларни қисқартириш ва фирибгарликнинг олдини олиш имконини беради. Шунингдек, мақолада рақамлаштиришнинг асосий афзалликлари, унга таъсир этувчи технологиялар, жорий этишдаги муаммолар ва уларни ҳал этиш йўллари муҳокама қилинади. Хусусан, булутли бухгалтерия, сунъий интеллект ва блокчейн технологияларининг бухгалтерия ҳисобида қўлланиши ва уларнинг аҳамияти ҳақида фикр юритилади. Муаллиф рақамлаштириш жараёнларини самарали жорий қилиш учун кадрлар тайёргарлиги, киберхавфсизлик чоралари ва автоматлаштирилган дастурий таъминот танлаш каби муҳим омилларга эътибор қаратиш лозимлигини таъкидлайди

Maxillofacial injuries occupy an important place in the general pathology of traumatology and surgery. They can have various forms and degrees of severity, which requires a comprehensive approach to treatment, including surgical intervention and rehabilitation. Combined maxillofacial injuries occur when several anatomical structures are damaged simultaneously, such as the jaws, teeth, soft tissues and bones of the facial skeleton. These injuries can be the result of car accidents, industrial accidents, domestic injuries and violent impacts.

The study is devoted to the peculiarities of the immune response in long-term non-healing wounds and methods for predicting and preventing infectious complications. Changes in cellular and humoral immunity were studied in 120 patients with chronic wounds. Assessment of inflammatory markers, blood cell composition, and cytokine activity showed significant impairment of immune activity, which increases the risk of generalization of infection. The study used a combination therapy with immunomodulators and antibacterial drugs. The results obtained allow us to develop effective methods for preventing infectious complications and improving the prognosis of healing.

This article analyzes foreign experiences in creating and implementing brand strategies in higher education institutions. The article examines the approaches of higher education institutions in different countries to developing and implementing brand strategies. Through foreign experiences, successful methods of higher education institutions in creating a brand, forming an image, attracting students and research partners, as well as the effectiveness of promoting a brand through digital marketing and social networks are studied. The article is aimed at improving the global competitiveness of higher education institutions and mastering effective approaches and methodologies in developing their brands.

Ushbu tezisda Fotih Dumanning asarlari tahlili va uning hayoti ijodiga e’tibor qaratilgan.Tadqiqotda tasavvufiy mavzudagi asarlar o‘zining chuqur falsafiy mazmuni va tasavvufiy qarashlari bilan kitobxonga ta’sir qiladi.Tasavvuf insonning ma’naviy kamoloti va ilohiy haqiqatni anglash yo‘lida o‘ziga xos falsafiy yondashuvni ifodalaydi.

To'qimachilik sanoati O'zbekiston iqtisodiyotining muhim tarmoqlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Mamlakatimizda ishlab chiqarilayotgan to'qimachilik mahsulotlari nafaqat ichki bozorda, balki xalqaro bozorda ham o'z o'rniga ega. Biroq, eksport salohiyatini yanada oshirish uchun bir qator muhim yo'nalishlarni rivojlantirish zarur. Ushbu tadqiqotda O'zbekiston to'qimachilik sanoatining eksport salohiyatini oshirish masalalari kompleks o'rganilgan.

The family plays a fundamental role in the moral formation of young people by providing the first environment where ethical values are introduced and reinforced. Parents, siblings, and extended family members act as role models, shaping children's understanding of right and wrong through their actions, guidance, and traditions. A positive family environment fosters emotional security, accountability, and moral reasoning, ensuring that young individuals develop strong ethical foundations. However, external influences such as peers, media, and societal changes present challenges to moral development. Nevertheless, a well-grounded moral upbringing within the family helps young people navigate these influences and make ethical decisions. This article explores the various ways in which the family contributes to moral formation, emphasizing the importance of parental guidance, sibling relationships, and family discipline. It also highlights the long-term impact of family-based moral education on individuals and society.

In this article, the category, number category and its owncharacteristics and comparison in several languages are covered

Realias, as culturally bound elements within a language, play a vital role in shaping and preserving the cultural identity of societies. These unique lexical items—ranging from geographical names and traditional artifacts to customs and institutional terms—serve as linguistic markers that distinguish one culture from another. The study of realias is crucial in fields such as translation, intercultural communication, sociolinguistics, and language education, as they often pose challenges due to their culture-specific nature.

The article provides a comparative analysis of theoretical and legal approaches and specific features of corporate agreement regulation under French and US legislation. The spread of mutual agreements between shareholders in France was facilitated by the participation of Anglo-American investors in French companies, who were more accustomed to contractual relations than to the use of strictly fixed forms of joint-stock companies. Despite the fact that one of the goals of such agreements was an attempt to get rid of excessive public-law control, such agreements could never contradict the imperative requirements of the law and the provisions of the company's charter. In the USA, the legislative consolidation of the right of shareholders to enter into various types of agreements among themselves is carried out by laws regulating the activities, procedure for the creation and management of entrepreneurial corporations.

Мақолада эркаклар орасидаги барвақт ўлимнинг камайтирилиши учун ижтимоий-демографик омиллар таҳлил қилинади. Ижтимоий-иқтисодий омиллар, меҳнат шароитлари ва оғир меҳнатнинг таъсири,  зарарли одатлар, соғлиқни сақлаш тизими ва тиббий хизматлар, табиий муҳит ва экологик омиллар, Ўзбекистонда жинси бўйича ўлганлар сони, МДҲ давлатларида эркаклар ва аёлларнинг барвақт ўлими орасидаги тафовут кабилар таҳлил қилинди.

Бухоро вилояти тупроқ-иқлим шароитида помидор экинининг ҳосилдорлигини ошириш кўп жиҳатдан юқори маҳсулдор, шўрга, касалликзараркунанда ва бошқа экстремал омилларга чидамли мослашувчан навларни танлашга, уларни ўстириш агротехнологиясининг асосий элементлари — қулай экиш схемаси ва туп қалинлигини белгилашга ва амалиётга кенг жорий этиш муҳим илмий ва амалий аҳамиятга эга долзарб масалалардан ҳисобланади.

В данной статье рассматривается вопросы взаимоотношения преподавателя со студентами повышения профессиональных качеств и организационных моделей квалификации у студентов на основе коммуникативно - деятельностного подхода к образовательному процессу, важность  избирательного запоминания, волевого и умственного напряжения, эмоциональный подъём, развитие воображение как студентов, так и преподавателей.

Ma’lumki kreativ yondashuv asosida talabalarning nutq va tafakkurini rivojlantirish metodikasini takomillashtirish va ularning kelajakdagi kasbiy muvaffaqiyatiga  va ijodiy salohiyatini namoyon etish hamda zamonaviy ta’lim jarayonida talabalarning nutq va tafakkurini rivojlantirish muhimdir. Ushbu maqolada kreativ yondashuv asosida o‘quv jarayonini tashkil qilish va o‘quvchilarning mustaqil fikrlash qobiliyatini rivojlantirish va takomillashtirish kabi pedagogik  jihatlariga e’tibor qaratilgan.