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COMMENTARY ON THE CONCEPT OF MEDIA DATA IN CRIMINAL
PROCEEDINGS
I.A.Matjanov
Associate Professor of Karakalpak State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15174128
Information (informatio - awareness, clarification, presentation) is, in a
broad sense, an abstract concept that has multiple meanings depending on the
context. In the narrow sense of this word - information (messages, data),
regardless of the form of their presentation. Currently, there is no single
definition of the term information. From the perspective of various fields of
knowledge, this concept is described by its specific set of characteristics.
Information is a set of data recorded on a material medium, as well as orally
preserved and disseminated in time and space.
Information and its properties are the object of research for a whole range
of scientific disciplines, such as information theory (mathematical theory of
information transmission systems), cybernetics (the science of communication
and control in machines and animals, as well as in society and human beings),
semiotics (the science of signs and sign systems), mass communication theory
(the study of mass media and their influence on society), informatics (the study
of the processes of collecting, transforming, storing, protecting, searching, and
transmitting all types of information and means of their automated processing),
informodynamics (the science of open information systems), informology (the
science of receiving, storing, and transmitting information for various sets of
objects), etc.
As a philosophical category, information was initially recognized as any
message or knowledge. By the middle of the 20th century, due to the
permeability of information channels, new alternatives to the concept of
information emerged, which was interpreted as a category with systemic,
organizational, and diverse characteristics. Data stores information about the
object .
There are no consensus on the concept of information in science, but there
are many of them. M. Buckland defines three meanings of information:
"information as a process," "information as a thing," and "information as
knowledge" .
In the theory of state and law, information is recognized as a systematic
interrelation of phenomena. It is considered one of the basic concepts of legal
science, and its status is especially high in criminal procedural law. Because the
main task of pre-trial proceedings is aimed at collecting criminal information,
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which is used in carrying out procedural actions and issuing decisions in the
case.
In general, information consists of knowledge and information about a
certain phenomenon, event, or situation. During criminal proceedings, the
activities of the investigator and inquiry officer are closely related to criminal
information. An investigator or inquiry officer who has sufficient information on
criminal cases will guarantee the necessary results in the case. Information does
not lose its relevance in a criminal case in any period.
Information on criminal cases is an important factor. Individual authors link
the terminological understanding of information with its forensic essence. In
particular, R.S. Belkin defines information related to criminal cases as follows:
"Criminalistically significant information consists of messages and information
related to the investigation and disclosure of a criminal case. They are divided
into the following groups: evidentiary data reflected in evidence; data obtained
from non-procedural sources and not having evidentiary characteristics, but
referring to other sources and used in formulating versions, determining the
direction of the investigation, planning investigative actions, and forecasting the
actions of participants in the investigation. Any information relating to the crime
is criminally significant" . Through this phrase, the scientist also recognizes
information related to criminal cases as information or messages.
Similar positions were also expressed by M.V.Saveleva and A.B.Smushkin.
According to the authors, reports and information reflecting the investigated
crime, the method of its commission, the participants, the subject of the criminal
aggression, the instrument of the crime, and other circumstances considered
important for the investigation are information related to the criminal case .
M.V.Saveleva and V.V.Stepanov, in turn, indicate that information is a set of
scientific and forensic information, applied in the procedural activity of the
subject on specific realities for solving criminal procedural tasks and considered
an integral element of procedural knowledge .
Parshina E.N. recognizes as information information about circumstances
that are of significant importance during criminal proceedings and are necessary
for achieving the goals of criminal proceedings .
The factor of the availability of information on criminal cases serves as an
important means of achieving results in the investigation of criminal cases. The
lack of information leads the investigation to a dead end. The lack of information
negatively affects the continuation of the investigation, while the identity of the
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person who committed the crime, their whereabouts, and other important
circumstances remain unknown
