Том 4 № 16 (2025)

This thesis explores the integration of adaptive learning technologies in teaching the subject "Algorithmic Languages and Programming." It analyzes the nature and benefits of adaptive learning and investigates its application in the educational process. The study results in practical recommendations to enhance the subject’s effectiveness.

This thesis explores the role of project-based learning (PBL) in teaching algorithmic languages and programming. It discusses the theoretical foundation, integration methods, and benefits of PBL for enhancing students’ programming competence and motivation. The study offers practical insights and guidelines for implementing PBL in programming courses.

В данной статье рассматривается сущность дипломатического иммунитета как ключевого института международного права, обеспечивающего эффективную деятельность дипломатических представительств. Особое внимание уделяется его конституционно-правовым основам, а также отражению принципов дипломатической неприкосновенности в национальном законодательстве. Проанализированы международные договоры, в частности Венская конвенция о дипломатических сношениях 1961 года, и их влияние на формирование правового статуса дипломатов. Также исследуются особенности реализации дипломатического иммунитета в конституционной системе Республики Узбекистан. Материал статьи может быть полезен для студентов, исследователей и практиков в области международного права.

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most significant problems in pediatric endocrinology, which can lead to severe neurological disorders if not treated in a timely manner. The disease is accompanied by a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which are necessary for the full maturation of the central nervous system and normal metabolism. Due to the widespread implementation of early testing programs for newborns, it has become possible to identify this pathology even before the manifestation of clinical symptoms. This allows for timely treatment and significantly improves the prognosis. This paper examines modern aspects of diagnosis, management and prognosis of congenital hypothyroidism, with an emphasis on the importance of neonatal screening.

Modern cognitive linguistics actively applies interpretive strategies that take into account not only the characteristics of a particular utterance and the general body of knowledge, but also pay special attention to the personal aspects of the interpreter and his/her subjective perception of the text in his/her own mental space. Justification allows for a deeper and more complete understanding of the processes of text interpretation and perception, taking into account the individual characteristics of each reader or researcher.

Mazkur ilmiy ishda O‘zbekistonda va xorijiy mamlakatlarda ommaviy sport amaliyotlarini boshqarishning nazariy asoslari va amaliy mexanizmlari o‘rganilgan.

Comparative linguistics (CL) is a scientific field focused on studying the similarities and differences between languages, examining grammatical, semantic, phonetic, and socio-cultural aspects. This field is particularly significant in addressing issues related to translation, language teaching, and linguistic interference. In the translation process, it is crucial to consider the unique characteristics of each language and its cultural differences. Semantic nuances, polysemy (multiple meanings of words), and culture-specific meanings, as well as the social and cultural codes of language, are key issues in comparative linguistics. Differences in grammar, morphology, and syntax also present challenges when translating between languages and teaching languages. Additionally, interference in first and second language acquisition, that is, the influence of one language on another, is an important topic of study. This paper analyzes the main issues of comparative linguistics and its significance in language learning, translation, and understanding languages within their cultural contexts.

Mazkur maqola Silybum marianum o‘simligini yetishtirish texnologiyasi va uning dorivorlik xususiyatlariga bag‘ishlangan. O‘simlik, asosan, jigarni himoya qilish, toksinlardan tozalash va yallig‘lanish jarayonlarini kamaytirish kabi sog‘liqni saqlash foydalari bilan tanilgan. Maqolada o‘simlikning biologik xususiyatlari, ekish va parvarishlash texnologiyasi, shuningdek, uning dorivor xususiyatlari, jumladan, antioksidant, yallig‘lanishga qarshi, xolesterolni kamaytirish va qon shakarini nazorat qilishdagi samaradorligi ko‘rib chiqilgan. Silybum marianum o‘simligi iliq iqlim sharoitlarini talab qiladi va yaxshi unumdor tuproqlarda muvaffaqiyatli o‘sadi. Maqolada o‘simlikni yetishtirishda zarur bo‘lgan texnologik yondashuvlar va uning farmatsevtik ahamiyati haqida batafsil ma'lumot berilgan. Bu o‘simlik nafaqat an'anaviy tibbiyotda, balki zamonaviy farmatsevtikada ham keng qo‘llaniladi.

Zamonaviy iqtisodiyotda raqamli moliya tizimining rivojlanishi va innovatsion texnologiyalarning tezkor integratsiyasi, ayniqsa, tijorat banklarida naqd pulsiz operatsiyalarning ahamiyatini sezilarli darajada oshirmoqda. Naqd pulsiz operatsiyalar bu — banklar va ularning mijozlari o‘rtasida amalga oshiriladigan moliyaviy operatsiyalardir, va bu operatsiyalar pul muomilasini soddalashtirish, xarajatlarni kamaytirish, hamda moliyaviy ko‘rsatkichlarning shaffofligini ta’minlash maqsadida ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda.

Taking into account the fact that environmental problems are gaining global importance, in recent years, along with important priority tasks, special attention has been paid to environmental protection, ecological culture, ecological education, and ecological awareness. Therefore, the article discusses the issues of forming an ecological culture among the population.

В статье рассматриваются современные методы оптимизации управления организационными системами с использованием моделирования сетевого обмена в ситуационных центрах. Проведен анализ существующих подходов к управлению данными, изучены механизмы сетевого взаимодействия и разработаны рекомендации по повышению эффективности принятия решений. Особое внимание уделено интеграции интеллектуальных систем анализа данных и применению цифровых двойников в моделировании управленческих процессов.

Til bilimi hám psixologiya tarawları arasındaǵı óz-ara baylanıslılıq insan oylawı hám sezimleri qáliplesiw procesin túsiniwde zárúrli áhmiyetke iye. Emotivlik, yaǵnıy til arqalı sezimlerdi ańlatıw procesi, insan sóylewiniń tábiyiy hám ajıralmaytuǵın bólegi esaplanadı. Bul process lingvistikalıq hám psixologiyalıq táreplerdi óz ishine aladı hám de kommunikativlik iskerliktiń nátiyjeliligin támiyinleydi.

Ushbu maqolada gʻazal mulkining sultoni Alisher Navoiy hazratlarining komil inson tarbiyasidagi qarashlari, “Xamsa” dostonlari muqaddimasidagi naʼtlar, Me’roj va Isro voqealarining Alisher Navoiy “Xamsa”sidagi talqinlariga e’tibor qaratiladi. Jumladan, Meʼroj kechasi taʼrifi Qurʼoni karim oyatlari, hadisi shariflar hamda tarixiy voqealar vositasida bayon etiladi va mumtoz adabiyotdagi oʻrni alohida urgʻu qaratilgan.

Maqolada zamonaviy bolalar adabiyoti yangi texnologiyalar asosida bolalarning o‘qish va idrok qilish qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish haqida so’z boradi. Elektron kitoblarning qulay imkoniyatlar yaratishi, shuningdek zamonaviy bolalar adabiyotining yoshga, tafakkurga, ruhiy va axloqiy tarbiyasiga tasiri haqida aytiladi.

The Republic of Uzbekistan stands out for its rich natural resources, historical heritage, and traditional products. To protect the uniqueness of these products and enhance their competitiveness in international markets, the development of a geographical indications (GI) system is of great importance. The adoption of the Law «On Geographical Indications» in 2022 was a significant step in this field. However, there are still several challenges in its implementation and in achieving international recognition. This article discusses the civil legal status of GIs, their current state, and prospects for improvement.

Convection drying of foodstuffs still has some limitations that make it difficult to apply in certain areas. These include slow drying rate and loss of product quality. Some of these limitations can be overcome by introducing new technologies used as additional energy sources. Among others, ultrasound stands out, which is able to influence the drying rate without causing a significant increase in the temperature of the material. This favours its application in the drying of various temperature-sensitive materials or in drying processes carried out at low temperatures, such as convection drying at atmospheric pressure [1].

Mazkur maqolada tasviriy sanʼat taʼlimi jarayonida mustaqil ishlash faoliyatini tashkil etishning pedagogik va metodik asoslari, uning o‘quvchilarning ijodiy qobiliyati va estetik dunyoqarashini rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati, hamda mazkur jarayonni samarali yo‘lga qo‘yishdagi uslubiy yondashuvlar tahlil etilgan.

Mazkur maqolada aeroflot tashkilotining tashkil etilishi, faoliyati, amalga oshirigan ishlari, havo qatnovlari va statistik ma’lumotlar yoritilgan.

ushbu maqolda O‘zbekiston oliy ta’lim tizimidagi kamchiliklar va muammolar shunindek bu muammolarni hal qilish uchun qisqacha yechimlar berilgan

Sharq uyg‘onish davri madaniyati jahon xalqlarining rivojiga katta hissa qo‘shganligi bilan ajralib turadi. Ko‘p asrlik Sharq madaniyatining atoqli vakillari orasida Beruniy, al-Farg‘oniy, al-Xorazmiy, al-Farobiy, Ibn Sino, Umar Xayyom, Mirzo Ulug‘bek, Navoiy kabi buyuk olimlar va ma’rifatparvarlar muhim o‘rin tutadi. Buyuk mutafakkirlar, faylasuflar tomonidan ilgari surilgan ko‘plab fikrlar va g‘oyalarni o‘rganish bugungi zamon ilm-fanining taraqqiyotiga, ilm tarixini boyitishga xizmat qilmoqda. Jahon ilm-fan tarixchilari tomonidan o‘z davrining eng yuksak aql-zakovati sifatida e’tirof etilgan Abu Rayhon Beruniy ilmiy merosining o‘rganilishi, uning qarashlari o‘z davrida ilg‘or tafakkur natijalariga asoslangan holda ilmiy ta’lim va tarbiyaning mustahkam poydevorini yaratganligini ko‘rsatadi.

Ushbu ishda vinilxlorid ishlab chiqarishning an’anaviy usullari, ularning kimyoviy jarayonlari, afzalliklari va kamchiliklari tahlil qilingan. Asosan asetilen va etilen asosidagi texnologiyalar ko‘rib chiqilib, ekologik xavfsizlik va samaradorlik jihatlari yoritilgan. An’anaviy usullarning sanoat miqyosidagi ahamiyati va ularni takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlari haqida fikr yuritilgan.

в статье рассматривается анализ устройств крепления грузов на железнодорожном транспорте с использованием телескопических механизмов. Особое внимание уделено принципам работы телескопических систем крепления, их конструктивным особенностям и преимуществам в сравнении с традиционными методами. Обсуждаются различные типы телескопических механизмов, включая механизмы с ручным и автоматическим управлением, а также их применение для эффективной фиксации грузов различной массы и габаритов. В статье анализируются современные разработки в области телескопических креплений, их влияние на улучшение логистики, повышение безопасности перевозок и сокращение времени на погрузочно-разгрузочные работы. Приводятся примеры применения таких механизмов в железнодорожной отрасли, а также перспективы их дальнейшего развития с учетом внедрения новых материалов и технологий.

JST ya’ni Jahon savdo tashkiloti o‘zi nima? WTO (World Trade Organization) bu – mamlakatlararo savdo qoidalarini boshqarib turuvchi yagona xalqaro tashkilot hisoblanadi. Hozirda tashkilotga 166 ta davlat a’zo hisoblanadi. Bu davlatlar jahon savdosining 98% ini tashkil etadi.

The article will consider the current situation with local government in Uzbekistan and discuss the government’s motivation to design and implement the local government performance measurement system, present possible mechanisms for its introduction in Uzbekistan, and include the main steps of the local government performance measurement and its placement in performance management.

Ushbu mаqоlаdа mаxsus pеdаgоgikа mоdulini о‘qitishdа intеrаktiv mеtоdlаrdаn fоydаlаnishning аhаmiyаti, tаlаbаlаrning kаsbiy mоtivаtsiyаsini shаkllаntirish jаrаyоnidаgi rоlini о‘rgаnish vа sаmаrаli mеtоdikаlаr tаklif еtilаdi. Kаsbiy mоtivаtsiyаni rivоjlаntirishdа intеrаktiv yоndаshuvning аfzаlliklаri, usullаri vа strаtеgiyаlаri hаqidа bаtаfsil mа‘lumоt bеrilgаn.

O’qituvchilarning pedagogik kompetensiyalarini аniqlаsh uchun tadqiqot ishlаrini olib borishda anketa so’rovnomasi o’tkazildi.

In the contemporary digital era, social networks have emerged as one of the most transformative and ubiquitous forces shaping human communication. These platforms—ranging from Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to newer entities like TikTok and Telegram—serve as virtual spaces where individuals, organizations, and communities converge to exchange ideas, build relationships, and engage in cultural practices. Initially conceptualized for personal social interaction, social networks have progressively evolved into multifaceted tools that serve a wide array of purposes, including business, politics, education, and entertainment. These platforms have thus become an essential component of daily life for millions, serving as both a medium of personal expression and a means of interacting with the global community.

в статье освещаются некоторые клинические аспекты имеющими Общее недоразвитие речи (ОНР). Приводятся группы детей четырёх уровней речевого нарушения.

Глобал иқлим ўзгаришлари оқибатида юзага келадиган ноқулай шароитларда, айниқса шўрланган тупроқ шароитида ғўзадан мўл ҳосил олиш билан бирга сифатли тола олишнинг энг асосий йўлларидан бири - шўрга бардошли янги селекция навларини яратиш ва уларни ишлаб чиқаришга кенг жорий этишдир (old.data.gov.uz; www.icac.org; www.FAO.org ).

Polimerning polikondensatlanishidan muhim farqi ham ana shunda. Makromalekulada initsiatorlar ishtirokida faol markaz hosil qilish polimerlanishning asosiy bosqichi hisoblanadi. Natijada o‘suvchi radikal tuyingan valintli molikulaga aylanib,kinitek zanjirni davom etirishga moyil yangi radikal hosil qiladi.Ionli polimerda oraliq faol maxsulotlar ionlar, ionlar jufti yoki qutblangan koplekslardan iborat ionli polimer zanjirli mexanizm buyicha ham bosqichli mexanizm buyicha borishi mumkin. Xozirgi vaqtda sirka aldegid etilenni katalizator ishtirokida havo kislorodi bilan oksidlab olinadi. Katalizator sifatida PdCl2 ishlatiladi.

Information (informatio - awareness, clarification, presentation) is, in a broad sense, an abstract concept that has multiple meanings depending on the context. In the narrow sense of this word - information (messages, data), regardless of the form of their presentation. Currently, there is no single definition of the term information. From the perspective of various fields of knowledge, this concept is described by its specific set of characteristics. Information is a set of data recorded on a material medium, as well as orally preserved and disseminated in time and space.

Статья посвящена особенностям употребления антропонимов и топонимов восточного происхождения в текстах статейных списков российских посланников в Среднюю Азию в XVII веке. На фактическом материале показаны их произношение и написание в русском языке.

Mazkur maqolada turli vazn toifalaridagi bokschilar uchun texnik-taktik mashg‘ulotlarni differensiallashtirish metodikasi yoritilgan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi bokschilik sportida har bir vazn toifasining o‘ziga xos texnik, jismoniy va taktik talablarga ega ekanligi bilan izohlanadi. Shu boisdan, mashg‘ulot jarayonida umumiy yondashuvdan ko‘ra, individual va vazn toifasiga moslashtirilgan metodikalardan foydalanish samaraliroq hisoblanadi. Tadqiqot davomida yengil, o‘rta va og‘ir vazn toifasidagi sportchilarning texnik-taktik tayyorgarligi tahlil qilinib, har bir guruh uchun mos bo‘lgan mashg‘ulot shakllari ishlab chiqildi. Eksperiment natijalari shuni ko‘rsatdiki, differensial yondashuv sportchilarning jangovar harakatlar tezligi, zarba aniqligi va himoya texnikasini sezilarli darajada yaxshiladi. Ushbu metodika murabbiylar va sportchilar uchun mashg‘ulotlarni samarali tashkil etishda amaliy ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, sport natijalarini yanada oshirishga xizmat qiladi.

This article examines the importance of improving farm efficiency by improving marketing strategies in the agricultural sector. The weak development and ineffective implementation of marketing strategies in agriculture reduces the competitiveness of many farms and reduces their adaptability to market demands. The article shows ways to improve farmers' efficiency by using modern marketing methods, including market analysis, product branding, digital marketing and online trading platforms. It also emphasizes the importance of market segmentation, in-depth analysis of consumer needs and correct pricing of products. According to the results of the study, improving marketing strategies of farms can increase their market share, sell products at competitive prices and ensure economic sustainability. The article provides practical recommendations for farmers and can help them develop their marketing activities.

Polysemy, the phenomenon where a single word has multiple meanings, is fundamental to linguistic communication. The meaning of a polysemous word is largely determined by context, including syntactic structures, collocations, and discourse settings. This article explores how context influences the interpretation of polysemous words and discusses its implications in semantics, psycholinguistics, and language learning. Through examples from English and other languages, we illustrate the role of linguistic and extralinguistic context in meaning construction.

This thesis examines the influence of multilingual mastery – specifically, the command of both English and Russian – on translation quality. By synthesizing relevant literature, exploring theoretical frameworks, and proposing a research methodology, this study investigates how linguistic proficiency and cultural competence affect the translation process. The analysis considers both the cognitive and affective dimensions of language mastery, emphasizing that a deep understanding of linguistic nuances and cultural contexts leads to translations that are not only accurate but also contextually and stylistically appropriate. Implications for translation pedagogy and professional practice are discussed, underscoring the importance of advanced language skills for achieving high-quality translations.

Ushbu maqolada, o’zbek tilshunosligida transformatsiya hodisasining nazariy asoslari hamda uning tilshunoslikda qo’llanilishi va tutgan o’rni haqida so’z boradi.

Ushbu maqola Boshlang‘ich ta’limda tahsil oluvchi talabalarga yangi va zamonaviy bilimlar berish, ularni kelajakda namunali kadr bo‘lib yetishishlarini hisobga olgan holda ularga bilim berish.

Основной причиной снижения качества швейного изделия являются дефекты. Они могут проявиться на любой стадии технологического процесса — от проектирования модели изделия до его эксплуатации. К одним из них относятся дефекты швов и строчек, которые влияют  на качество  вырабатываемых изделий.

Педагогическое мастерство может рассматриваться как идеал эффективности педагогической, деятельности. Педагогическое мастерство- важнейшее профессиональное качество личности учителя и воспитателя. Основными темами алгоритма являются: построение практических занятий, формирование способностей, культура речи, научность и индивидуальность.