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THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR AGAINST FASCISM IN THE
PROVINCES OF THE FERGANA VALLEY
Atabayeva Nigorahan Makhmudzhanovna
Andijan State Pedagogical Institute
Senior lecturer at the Department of history
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15447969
Annotation:
This article analyzes the political, economic, and social
changes in the provinces of the Fergana Valley during World War II. It focuses on
the mobilization of the local population, the functioning of industrial sectors,
cooperation with evacuated enterprises, and the impact of wartime events on
the region’s subsequent development.
Key words:
Fergana Valley, war against fascism, evacuation, economic
development, social impact.
Аннотация:
В статье анализируются политические, экономические и
социальные изменения, произошедшие в регионах Ферганской долины во
время Второй мировой войны. В ней освещаются мобилизация местного
населения в условиях войны, производственные отрасли, сотрудничество
с эвакуированными в регион предприятиями и влияние последствий
войны на развитие региона.
Ключевые слова:
Ферганская долина, война против фашизма,
эвакуация, экономическое развитие, социальное воздействие.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada Ikkinchi jahon urushi davrida Farg‘ona
vodiysi viloyatlarida yuz bergan siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy o‘zgarishlar tahlil
qilinadi. Unda urush muhitida mahalliy aholi safarbarligi, ishlab chiqarish
tarmoqlari, hududga evakuatsiya qilingan korxonalar bilan hamkorlik hamda
urush oqibatlarining hudud rivojiga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri yoritib beriladi.
Kalit soʻzlar:
Farg‘ona vodiysi, fashizmga qarshi urush, evakuatsiya,
iqtisodiy rivojlanish, ijtimoiy ta’sir
Introduction: During World War II (1939-1945), the struggle against fascist
Germany required massive mobilization efforts throughout the Soviet Union .
This global dispute also adversely affected the regions of the Fergana Valley:
production networks were reorganized, there were radical turns in the lifestyle
of the population, evacuated enterprises were united by local economic
opportunities. At the same time, the region's natural resources were used to
supply the front, with women and adolescents mobilised as Labour. The article
will talk about the main factors of these processes, their impact on the economic
and social development of the region during the war, as well as the process of
post-war reconstruction.
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Literature analysis: The processes taking place in the regions of the Fergana
Valley in World War II were considered in Soviet historiography in the
landscape of economic and political reforms of the general ursh era. Researchers
such as Barber and Harrison highlight the effective use of local resources by
extensively covering the measures taken on the Soviet Union's home front .
Local scientists, on the other hand, focused on such aspects as the specific raw
material base of the Fergana Valley (Cotton, Oil, Mining Resources), cooperation
with evacuated factories, the issue of labor migrants . At the same time, many
scientific works talk about the industrial potential of the Fergana Valley in the
process of post-war reconstruction, changes in the consciousness of the
population, an increase in the participation of women. It is noted that during this
period, political and social factors are strongly reflected in the lifestyle of the
inhabitants of the region .
Research methodology:
Several techniques were used to carry out the study:
Historical and analytical method: archival documents, political decisions
made during the war, economic indicators were analyzed .
Comparative method: the state of the Fergana Valley was compared with
other regions of the Soviet Union during the war, differences in resources, labor
and industrial forces were determined.
Economic analysis: economic growth in the territory was assessed through
production indicators, cotton raw materials, oil processing, the activities of
evacuated enterprises .
Document analysis: including information from local archives as well as
official reports compiled during World War II were applied to provide deeper
coverage of the aftermath of the war.
Results of the analysis:
Wartime population mobilization and manpower
As many young people from the region went to the front, women, teenagers
and the elderly were involved in the production. In order to avoid a reduction in
the volume of cotton production in the cotton fields, almost every family
worked. At the same time, many women worked in factories-factories, including
evacuated enterprises .
Cooperation with evacuated enterprises
Since the Fergana Valley is rich in sources of cotton, silk, oil, coal, factories
specializing in front needs were launched here in a short period of time. For
example, metal enterprises, light industrial factories and food processing
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enterprises operated in the valley by combining new technologies with local raw
materials. The jobs established at the site helped to maintain economic stability.
Economic potential and post-war recovery
During World War II, the economic potential of the region could decline.
However, thanks to the evacuated specialists and technologies, the areas of light
industry, energy, processing of underground resources have been preserved to
some extent. After the end of the war, these enterprises served as the foundation
for the economic recovery and industrial development of the region .
Social consequences
During the war years, it became clear that the living conditions of the local
population were deteriorating, food shortages, the provision of products
necessary for military action were made in a hurry . However, despite this, there
was a strong sense of patriotism among the population. The involvement of
women and adolescents in a more labor process also led to certain gendered
changes in society, with a number of women continuing their activities in the
industry after the war .
Conclusion: The regions of the Fergana Valley played an important role in
providing the front with cotton, oil, ore, food products during the war. The
population, on the other hand, was mobilized as a large labor force. Businesses
and professionals displaced from the western regions combined with local
resources to spur the formation of the Valley economy. These enterprises served
as the basis for post-war industrial development. While high mobilization
adversely affected the standard of living of the population, a sense of patriotism,
an increased desire to contribute to the overall victory, strengthened collective
solidarity. The widespread involvement of women and adolescents in economic
processes created new trends in post-war society. The experience of saving the
industrial base and personnel reserves formed during the war years was an
important factor in ensuring the economic development of the Valley regions in
the coming period . As a result, the area continued to develop industrial
potential not only after the war, but also over the following years.
Thus, mobilization measures carried out during World War II in the regions
of the Fergana valley left a deep mark on both the economic and social spheres.
As a result of this process, the industrial potential of the region developed in
several directions, while the mood of hard work and patriotism was
strengthened in the local population.
bibliography:
1. Roberts, G. (2006). Stalin’s Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953.
New Haven: Yale University Press.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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2. История Узбекистана (1992). Тошкент: Фан нашриёти.
3. Орлов, Ю. (1976). Политика советского государства в годo‘ войнo‘.
Москва: Наука.
4. Barber, J. & Harrison, M. (1991). The Soviet Home Front 1941–1945: A Social
and Economic History of the USSR in World War II. London: Longman.
5. Аҳмедов, Ш. (2000). Ўзбекистонда саноат ривожланиши тарихи.
Тошкент: Университет нашриёти.
