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CONTENT, PURPOSE, FUNCTION AND TYPES OF INDEPENDENT
EDUCATION.
Yusufbekova Khidayat
Atkham’s daughter
Chirchik State Pedagogical University
Master of Stage 2
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15460874
Annotation:
this article provides information on the concept of
Independent Education, its purpose, tasks and types.
Keywords:
Advanced Education, goal, task, abstract, keys-study,
independent work.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada mustaqil ta‘lim tushunchasi, uning maqsadi,
vazifalari va turlari haqida ma‘lumotlar berilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
mustqil ta‘lim, maqsad, vazifa, referat, keys-study, mustaqil
ish.
Аннотация:
В данной статье представлена информация о понятии
самостоятельного обучения, его цели, задачах и видах.
Ключевые слова:
самостоятельное обучение, цель, задача, конспект,
тематическое исследование, самостоятельная работа.
Content of Independent Education. The subject of Independent Education
will consist of the subjects of a lecture and seminar session, which students
study independently. Including: national model of Personnel Training and its
components, the formation and development of pedagogical science, goals and
objectives, subject, scientific- research methods, personality development and
influencing factors, the single pedagogical process and its essence, didactics
(theory of education), the laws and principles of the educational process,
educational content, educational methods and tools, forms of educational
organization, the diagnosis of knowledge, skills and qualifications of students,
the content of the educational process, essence, laws, principles, general
methods of Education, types of content, essence, goals and objectives,
Independent education helps to strengthen the theoretical knowledge of
students to maximize the ability to understand topics, to expand the overall
worldview. In the radical reconstruction of the system of training specialists,
independent work of students occupies an important place in increasing the
importance of the educational process.
Analysis shows that independent work means such an educational activity
in which, along with the acquisition of knowledge, the formation of skills is
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ensured by an independent organization. This is achieved in practice in 4 types
of independent work, depending on private-didactic purposes. The first type of
private-didactic goal of independent work is to determine the qualifications that
are formed in students and required from them, based on the data of the
algorithm of activities and the conditions of tasks, that is, on the basis of the
factors of the formation of initial knowledge (the first stage of knowledge),
rather than superficial. In order to achieve this goal, it is envisaged that it is
necessary to solve the tasks perceived by students.
The second type of the private-didactic goal of independent work - in this,
knowledge is formed, which is aimed at processing the acquired information in
memory and performing typical tasks, that is, the second stage of knowledge. A
general description of all types of the second type of independent work is that in
such work the idea (principle) of solving tasks is published, students are
required methods and methods of developing this idea (principle) and applying
it to concrete conditions. The third type of private-didactic goal of independent
work consists in the knowledge that is formed in students during the
implementation of the third stage – non-typical tasks. This goal can be achieved
in the process of solving the problems of cognition (perception), which require
students to draw up the foundations of the algorithm of the causes of changes in
the object being studied. The fourth type of private-didactic goal of independent
work is to create factors for creative activity.
The cognitive activity of students in the performance of such work is such
that students are increasingly immersed in the essence of the object under
discussion, new contacts that are necessary to find new, previously unknown
ideas and solve the principles of generating new information build relationships.
In this, the student is forced to nod on the essence of actions, one or another
informational character, which at each stage of completing tasks must be created
by himself, new to him. In the literature on pedagogy, the following types of
independent work are noted: independent work on samples; reconstructive-
variative; heuristic (partial, creative); creative research. Independent work on
samples is the solution of typical tasks, various exercises on the basis of a
sample.
They will be a factor in mastering the material, but will not cultivate the
creative activity of students. Reconstructive-variative independent works
provide not only a practical description of knowledge, but also the reworking of
the structure of knowledge, the involvement of existing knowledge in solving the
issue, problem. Heuristic independent work is associated with the resolution of
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certain issues, problems posed in lectures, laboratories, practical classes,
seminars. Research independent works aim to develop the skills of being able to
see the research problem, to be able to express it independently, to define a
hypothesis, to develop a plan for solving the problem, to solve it.
Creative research work. In such work, the task will consist in creating
conditions that dictate the occurrence of a problematic situation. In its activities,
the student seeks, researches ways to solve the issue, free from ready-made
samples. The secret of such work includes tasks related to the laying of
experiments, the design of equipment, layouts and machine tools. Thus,
independent work is the most important method of teaching, in which students
increase their individual activity in the process of preparing for training,
strengthening the acquired knowledge, skills and skills. The main conditions for
the effective organization of independent work are as follows:the science of
independent work, its research character; the formation of the need to further
increase their knowledge independently; individualization of the tasks of
independent work; methodological guidance on the organization of independent
work. The process of Independent Education is obliged to cover its exact form,
methods and methods. The main method of Independent Education is individual
work on literature.
This method forms the qualification of finding the most important
information in the flow of information, correctly assessing it, using this
information in its professional activities. Allows you to use independent training
methods based on the information gained. The use of this method provides
quality indicators that will be necessary in its practical activities. Independent
Education also includes performing tasks of practical importance and working
with audiovisual equipment. One of the important methods of Independent
Education is their communication. The ultimate goal of Independent Education
is to attract students to creative search, to work on themselves, to realize the
essence of conducting comprehensive research.
Experiments show that a student can deeply absorb knowledge if he is
engaged independently and works tirelessly on himself. The basic knowledge,
skills and qualifications of students are formed only in the process of
Independent Education, the ability to operate independently develops, and
interest in creative work appears in them. Student independent work is a
systematic activity aimed at mastering a certain part of the knowledge, skills and
qualifications established in the curriculum from a specific subject by the
student in the audience and outside the audience on the basis of the advice and
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recommendations of the science teacher. The main goal of Independent
Education is the formation and development of the knowledge and skills
necessary to independently carry out certain educational work in the student
under the guidance and supervision of an educator-employee.
The tasks of Independent Education include: finding the necessary
information, identifying convenient methods and means of obtaining knowledge
and strengthening it; effective use of information sources and addresses; work
with traditional educational and scientific literature, regulatory documents;
work with e-learning literature and data bank; having the skills to master new
knowledge carefully in an independent way; Targeted use of the Internet
network, setting a rational solution to a given assignment; database analysis;
preparation of work results for examination and processing based on expert
opinion, systematic and creative approach to the implementation of
assignments; justification of the developed solution, project or idea and
protection in the team of specialists.
Current, intermediate and final in the organization of independent work of
students in educational science in the process of controls, given the level and
ability of students to master academically taking it is recommended to use the
following forms and types:
Reproductive in the form independent work-independent with the help of
educational literature on certain subjects of science mastering, working with
educational resources and synopsis;
-Republic Of Uzbekistan Laws, Republic Of Uzbekistan Works and lectures
of the president, presidential decisions, decrees, Independent of decisions of
the Cabinet of ministers as well as other regulatory documents study and
synopsis;
-view, hear and synopsis lectures via video and audio;
-view, hear and view slides, video materials through multimedia tools
mastering;
- return of training materials, memorization, etc
Awareness quest (search in the form independent work-independent
preparation of information, visual aids, study of lectures and other materials;
-performing accounting and analytical work, solving tests;
-speeches with lectures in seminars, practical and other activities make;
-household chores, control chores, presentations, abstracts, case studies
and to do others.
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Creative work in the form preparation and protection of independent
work - essay, coursework and graduate qualification work;
-participation in research and preparation of Scientific Reports attendance;
- participation in scientific circles of students;
-participation in scientific and practical conferences, preparation of
scientific articles print well.
Abstract is one of the effective forms of student independent work. This
form selection of the topic of abstract by the student, in advance the content of
the issues covered in it by science at all stages of planning, abstract preparation
and discussion organizational and methodological support of professors and
teachers of the training department and it can be effectively carried out only on
the basis of advice. Case-Stadi (problem situation analysis) preparation-face
method (Eng. Case method-case-method, case-stadi) analysis of a specific
situation or problem state as education and represents learning techniques.
Clear case-Stady method problems, situational situations are covered in detail
and conclusions on their solution, solutions and recommendations are
developed. In this method, students may experience a problem or detailed
examination and analysis of the situation, as well as a variety of elimination of
this situation develop alternatives and choose the most optimal single solution
from them required. Preparation of visual aids. To describe to the student a
specific topic and information and communication tools that help to better
assimilate it is assigned the task of preparing visual materials that will be
performed using it. Subject certain instructions, instructions to the student,
determined by the professor is given. The quantity, shape and content of visual
aids are independent by the student is selected. Such a task can be assigned to
several students or groups of students on one topic it is also possible to submit.
Preparation of tests, controversial questions and assignments on the topic.
To the student tests on a specific topic as independent work, the degree of
difficulty of which is different issues and assignments, the task of drawing up
questions that will form the basis for the discussion will be assigned. In this, the
requirements for the test for the student by the professor and its drawing up
laws-rules, what purpose is envisaged, when drawing up problematic questions
how to distinguish controversial aspects of the topic, methods of drawing up
assignments guidance is provided on. Scientific and theoretical conferences of
students-their independent work one of its forms. Professors and teachers of
the department students scientific and theoretical by organizing its conference,
the group's professional orientation of its work, should organize stratified,
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taking into account their interests. Only in this case the active participation and
interest of students in conducting the conference is ensured.
Preparation of scientific articles, abstracts and lectures. Any topic to the
student on the subject (the subject can also be chosen by the student himself)
scientific article, thesis or lecture preparation can be submitted. In this, student
educational literature, research work, from dissertations, articles and
monographs and other sources of information to the topic collects relevant
materials and on the basis of which scientific articles and lecture theses
prepares. Preparing for graduation qualification work. Graduation qualification
work-in higher educational institutions it is the final stage of training students
in the undergraduate direction of continuing education. In the graduate
qualification work, all the theoretical and practical knowledge that the student
has accumulated during his studies in a higher educational institution comes to
the surface, arming the student with theoretical knowledge degree, his
acquired knowledge and skills to solve scientific and production tasks to what
extent is it manifested to be able to apply. Completion of the graduation
qualification work from the student requires the use of theoretical and practical
knowledge acquired at the University, study of the student to generalize,
deepen and consolidate the knowledge gained during, allows them to be applied
to practice.
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